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the characters and pinyin
HSK 4 · TOCFL B2
Grammar 语法
An index of 99 points across 20 categories, in study order.
DADV
Degree adverbs
程度副词SADV
Scope adverbs
范围副词TADV
Time adverbs
时间副词FADV
Frequency adverbs
频率副词RADV
Correlative adverbs
关联副词MADV
Modal adverbs
语气副词- 18 Expressing the unexpected 1 竟然 →
- 19 Expressing tones 还 →
- 20 Emphasizing a negation 1 并 →
- 21 In the end 到底 →
- 22 Rhetorical questions 难道 →
- 23 “Has no choice but to” 只好 →
- 24 “Please” in Chinese 千万 →
- 25 Indeed 1 确实 →
- 26 Showing wonder 究竟 →
- 27 “That’s all” 而已 →
- 28“Just happens to”正好soon
- 29 “Almost, nearly” 差点儿&差一点儿 →
- 30 才 – disagreement →
YADV
Manner adverbs
方式副词EADV
Epistemic adverbs
情态副词AUX
Auxiliary verbs
能愿动词PREP
Prepositions
介词CONJ
Conjunctions
连词APTC
Aspect particles
动态助词MPTC
Modal particles
语气助词DPRO
Demonstrative pronouns
指示代词MW
Measure words
量词EXPR
Special expressions
特殊表达法SENT
Special sentence patterns
特殊句式- 65 Causative verbs 叫 / 让 / 使 / 令 →
- 66 把 sentence 2 →
- 67 Passive sentences 2 被 →
- 68 Strong affirmation – 是…的 structure 2 →
- 69Rhetorical question reinforcement不是……吗？ / 怎么会……呢？soon
- 70 Comparisons 3 不如 / 相比 →
- 71 Using 将 to express 把 →
FIXED
Fixed expressions
固定格式- 72 Enough to reach a certain extent 够…的 →
- 73 “Supposed to” 本来就 →
- 74 Explaining purpose 为…而 →
- 75 “A bit too” Adj 了 点(儿) →
- 76 Each is increasingly more 一 MW 比 一 MW →
- 77 “No matter how” 怎么 + 都/也 + neg →
- 78 “There is A, and there is B too” 有 A 有 B →
- 79 On the topic of 在…方面 →
- 80 “Have plenty of” 有的是 →
- 81 Giving an example 拿…来说 →
- 82Fixed Pattern 1: That’s all / That meansX就是了 / 这就是说soon
- 83Fixed Pattern 2: Firm resolution / Accepting the situation让/叫你X你就X, X就X(点儿)吧soon
CPLX
Complex sentences
复句- 84 Expressing purpose 好 →
- 85 Otherwise 1 否则 →
- 86 And then 于是 →
- 87 “Both… and…” 既…又/也 →
- 88 However 然而 →
- 89 “No matter” 不管 / 无论 / 不论…都 →
- 90Progressive inference尚且……何况…… / 连……都……，更不用说……soon
- 91 “Not… but rather…” 不是…而是 →
- 92 “Even” in Chinese 2 连…也/都 →
- 93 “Either… or…” in Chinese 不是…就是 →
- 94 “Even if” in Chinese 1 即使 / 哪怕…也 →
- 95 Although 2 尽管…可是/但是 →
- 96 “Not only… but also…” 2 不仅….还 soon
- 97“If…then…” 2要是soon
COMP