HSK 7-9 Grammar

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HSK 7-9 · TOCFL C2

Grammar 语法

An index of 154 points across 21 categories, in study order.

NADV

Negation adverbs

否定副词
  • 01 “Unavoidably” in Chinese 2 不免bùmiǎn →
  • 02“Not necessarily / absolutely not”不见得bújiànde & 绝不juébùsoon
  • 03“No way to…”无从wúcóng & 无须wúxūsoon
  • 04“No need to…” & “must not”无可wúkě & 勿wùsoon
  • 05“Must not” (classical) 2切qièsoon
DADV

Degree adverbs

程度副词
  • 06“Extremely, especially”极为jíwéi & 尤为yóuwéisoon
  • 07“To the utmost, increasingly”尽jìn / 蛮mán / 越发yuèfā / 愈加yùjiāsoon
  • 08“How…!” & “especially”何等héděng & 分外fènwàisoon
  • 09Slightly颇pǒ / 稍稍shāoshāo / 略lüè / 略微lüèwēi / 微wēisoon
  • 10Extremely (formal)大为dàwéi / 万分wànfēn / 极度jídù / 极力jílìsoon
FADV

Frequency adverbs

频率副词
MADV

Modal adverbs

语气副词
PREP

Prepositions

介词
  • 38 就 jiù – with regard to →
  • 39“Via, according to”经jīng & 依yīsoon
  • 40“From”打dǎsoon
  • 41“In front of”当着dāngzhesoon
  • 42“Based on” (formal)本着běnzhe / 鉴于jiànyú / 基于jīyú / 出于chūyúsoon
CONJ

Conjunctions

连词
  • 43 “If…” (formal)倘若tǎngruò/若ruò… soon
  • 44 “Let alone” 何况hékuàng →
  • 45 “…Thereafter…”…，此后cǐhòu… soon
  • 46“Moreover”加之jiāzhīsoon
  • 47“In view of”鉴于jiànyúsoon
  • 48“In case”以防yǐfángsoon
  • 49“Even to the extent…”乃至nǎizhìsoon
  • 50“And” (classical)且qiěsoon
MPTC

Modal particles

语气助词
SENT

Special sentence patterns

特殊句式
FIXED

Fixed expressions

固定格式
CPLX

Complex sentences

复句
  • 64 Luckily 幸亏xìngkuī……不然bùrán…… →
  • 65 Extreme concession 即便jíbiàn/就算jiùsuàn/哪怕nǎpà……也yě…… soon
  • 66 Progressive rhetorical question 尚且shàngqiě……何况hékuàng/况且kuàngqiě…… soon
  • 67“Whether A or B…”A也好yěhǎoB也罢yěbàsoon
IDIOM

Idiomatic structures

惯用结构
  • 68 Repeated action 一yī……再zài…… soon
  • 69Four-character patterns 1愛A不A、半A半Bsoon
  • 70Four-character patterns 2不A不B、不A而B→
  • 71Four-character patterns 3非A非B、東A西Bsoon
  • 72Four-character patterns 4忽A忽B、或A或Bsoon
  • 73Four-character patterns 5可A可B、時A時Bsoon
  • 74Four-character patterns 6連A帶B、七A八Bsoon
  • 75Four-character patterns 7無A不B、無A可Bsoon
  • 76Four-character patterns 8自A自Bsoon
  • 77Unknowingly不知不觉bùzhībùjuésoon
  • 78“Have no choice but to…”非fēi……不可bùkěsoon
FORM

Formal & classical structures

书面语句式
  • 79 “Amounts to…” 无异于wúyìyú…… soon
  • 80 “Nothing more than…” 无非是wúfēishì/不外乎búwàihū…… soon
  • 81 “Remains to be…” 有待于yǒudàiyú…… soon
  • 82 “Aims to…” 旨在zhǐzài…… soon
  • 83 “In the final analysis” 归根到底guīgēndàodǐ/归根结底guīgēnjiédǐ soon
V

Verbs

动词
  • 84Eager to巴不得bābude & 恨不得hènbudesoon
  • 85Worth it – or not犯不着fànbuzháo & 犯得着fàndezháosoon
  • 86“Unavoidable”免不了miǎnbuliǎosoon
  • 87“To grant” (formal)予以yǔyǐsoon
  • 88“Somewhat”有所yǒusuǒsoon
  • 89“Excluded”除外chúwàisoon
  • 90“Could it be called…”可谓kěwèi & 所谓suǒwèisoon
  • 91“Could it…”可否kěfǒusoon
  • 92“Is not” (formal)并非bìngfēisoon
DPRO

Demonstrative pronouns

指示代词
  • 93Formal demonstratives彼bǐ & 兹zīsoon
  • 94Colloquial “like this/how”这么着zhèmezhe & 怎么着zěnmezhesoon
QPRO

Interrogative pronouns

疑问代词
  • 95“What” (formal)何hésoon
  • 96“Several, some”若干ruògānsoon
MW

Measure words

量词
SADV

Scope adverbs

范围副词
  • 99“All, generally”皆jiē & 均jūnsoon
  • 100“Generally” & “entirely”大体dàtǐ & 统统tǒngtǒngsoon
  • 101“Only, solely”唯wéi & 唯独wéidú & 唯有wéiyǒusoon
  • 102“In summary”概gàisoon
  • 103“Nothing but”无非wúfēisoon
  • 104 Frequency & scope adverbs 一概yígài / 一律yílǜ / 通通tōngtōng soon
TADV

Time adverbs

时间副词
  • 105“For now”姑且gūqiě & 暂且zànqiěsoon
  • 106“Immediately” (formal)即jí & 即时jíshí & 随即suíjísoon
  • 107“As soon as”一经yìjīngsoon
  • 108“As soon as possible”尽早jǐnzǎo & 早日zǎorìsoon
  • 109“At that time”届时jièshísoon
  • 110“End here” / “At this point”就此jiùcǐsoon
  • 111“All along” (formal)历来lìláisoon
  • 112“Still” (formal)尚shàngsoon
  • 113 “All along” (formal) 向来xiànglái soon
YADV

Manner adverbs

方式副词
  • 114“In theory”按理ànlǐ & 按说ànshuōsoon
  • 115“With all one’s might”百般bǎibān & 竭力jiélìsoon
  • 116“With all one’s might” 2尽情jìnqíng & 拼命pīnmìngsoon
  • 117“Forcibly”强行qiángxíngsoon
  • 118“On one’s own”私自sīzì & 擅自shànzìsoon
  • 119Taking the opportunity/timing趁机chènjī & 趁早chènzǎosoon
  • 120“Insist on…”执意zhíyì & 照常zhàochángsoon
  • 121“As usual”照例zhàolì & 照样zhàoyàngsoon
  • 122“Specially, for this purpose”专程zhuānchéngsoon
  • 123Resolutely断然duànrán / 截然jiérán / 毅然yìrán→
  • 124“Intentionally” (formal)有意yǒuyìsoon
  • 125Suddenly (formal)骤然zhòurán→
  • 126One by one逐一zhúyīsoon
  • 127“Openly”公然gōngrán→
  • 128“Rapidly”火速huǒsùsoon
  • 129“Arbitrarily”任意rènyìsoon
  • 130“Increasingly” (formal)日趋rìqūsoon
  • 131“On schedule”如期rúqīsoon
  • 132“Hereby” (formal)特此tècǐsoon
  • 133“At random”瞎xiāsoon
  • 134“Together”一并yíbìngsoon
  • 135“In one go”一举yìjǔsoon
  • 136“Single-handedly”一手yìshǒusoon
  • 137“Nearby”就近jiùjìnsoon
  • 138“Blatantly”大肆dàsìsoon
  • 139“Involuntarily”不由得bùyóudesoon
  • 140“Deliberately”刻意kèyìsoon
PHR

Common phrases

常用短语
  • 141Honesty markers不瞞你說、老實說soon
  • 142“Seriously”說真的soon
  • 143Reframing 1反過來說、換句話說soon
  • 144Reframing 2概括來說、簡而言之soon
  • 145Reframing 3話是這麼說、話說回來soon
  • 146“Then again…”退一步說soon
  • 147Surprise reactions 1你看你、真是的soon
  • 148Surprise reactions 2這不、可不是嘛soon
  • 149“I’ll say this much…”還別說soon
  • 150Conversational fillers 1不是、不是我說你soon
  • 151Conversational fillers 2說到哪兒去了、這樣一來soon
  • 152“No matter what” & “if you ask me”無論如何、要讓我說soon
COMP

Complements

补语