HSK 7-9 Grammar

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HSK 7-9 · TOCFL C2

Grammar 语法

An index of 149 points across 20 categories, in study order.

NADV

Negation adverbs

否定副词
  • 01 “Unavoidably” in Chinese 2 不免bùmiǎn →
  • 02“Not necessarily / absolutely not”不见得bújiànde & 绝不juébùsoon
  • 03“No way to…”无从wúcóng & 无须wúxūsoon
  • 04“No need to…” & “must not”无可wúkě & 勿wùsoon
  • 05“Must not” (classical) 2切qièsoon
DADV

Degree adverbs

程度副词
  • 06Adverbs for degree 3a极为jíwéi & 尤为yóuwéisoon
  • 07Adverbs for degree 3b颇pǒ & 稍稍shāoshāosoon
  • 08Adverbs for degree 3c尽jìn / 蛮mán / 越发yuèfāsoon
  • 09Extremely (formal)大为dàwéi & 万分wànfēnsoon
  • 10“Extremely” (formal) 2极度jídù & 极力jílìsoon
  • 11“How…!” & “especially”何等héděng & 分外fènwàisoon
  • 12Slightly略lüè & 略微lüèwēisoon
  • 13“Slightly” & “increasingly”微wēi & 愈加yùjiāsoon
FADV

Frequency adverbs

频率副词
  • 14 “Always” in Chinese 3 时时shíshí →
  • 15“Repeatedly” (formal)连连liánlián & 屡次lǚcìsoon
  • 16“Repeatedly” (formal) 2屡屡lǚlǚ & 频pínsoon
  • 17“Successively”相继xiāngjì & 一连yìliánsoon
  • 18“Continuously / once again”一个劲yígèjìnr & 再度zàidùsoon
MADV

Modal adverbs

语气副词
PREP

Prepositions

介词
  • 36 就jiù – with regard to →
  • 37 就jiù – giving an exception →
  • 38 基于jīyú & 依yī soon
  • 39 “In view of…” 鉴于jiànyú…… soon
  • 40 “Out of…” (motive) 出于chūyú…… soon
  • 41“Based on…”基于jīyú……soon
  • 42“From” & “in front of”打dǎ & 当着dāngzhesoon
  • 43“Regarding” (formal)就jiùsoon
  • 44“Based on” (formal)本着běnzhe & 鉴于jiànyúsoon
  • 45“Via, according to”经jīng & 依yīsoon
CONJ

Conjunctions

连词
  • 46 倘若tǎngruò/若ruò… soon
  • 47 “Let alone” 何况hékuàng →
  • 48 …，此后cǐhòu… soon
  • 49“In view of / in case”鉴于jiànyú & 以防yǐfángsoon
  • 50“Moreover”加之jiāzhīsoon
  • 51“Even to the extent…” & “and”乃至nǎizhì & 且qiěsoon
MPTC

Modal particles

语气助词
SENT

Special sentence patterns

特殊句式
FIXED

Fixed expressions

固定格式
CPLX

Complex sentences

复句
  • 65 Luckily 幸亏xìngkuī……不然bùrán…… →
  • 66 Extreme concession 即便jíbiàn/就算jiùsuàn/哪怕nǎpà……也yě…… soon
  • 67 Progressive rhetorical question 尚且shàngqiě……何况hékuàng/况且kuàngqiě…… soon
  • 68“Whether A or B…”A也好yěhǎoB也罢yěbàsoon
IDIOM

Idiomatic structures

惯用结构
  • 69 Repeated action 一yī……再zài…… soon
  • 70Four-character patterns 1愛A不A、半A半Bsoon
  • 71Four-character patterns 2不A不B、不A而Bsoon
  • 72Four-character patterns 3非A非B、東A西Bsoon
  • 73Four-character patterns 4忽A忽B、或A或Bsoon
  • 74Four-character patterns 5可A可B、時A時Bsoon
  • 75Four-character patterns 6連A帶B、七A八Bsoon
  • 76Four-character patterns 7無A不B、無A可Bsoon
  • 77Four-character patterns 8自A自Bsoon
  • 78Unknowingly不知不觉bùzhībùjuésoon
  • 79“Have no choice but to…”非fēi……不可bùkěsoon
FORM

Formal & classical structures

书面语句式
  • 80 “Amounts to…” 无异于wúyìyú…… soon
  • 81 “Nothing more than…” 无非是wúfēishì/不外乎búwàihū…… soon
  • 82 “Remains to be…” 有待于yǒudàiyú…… soon
  • 83 “Aims to…” 旨在zhǐzài…… soon
  • 84 “In the final analysis” 归根到底guīgēndàodǐ/归根结底guīgēnjiédǐ soon
V

Verbs

动词
  • 85Eager to巴不得bābude & 恨不得hènbudesoon
  • 86Worth it – or not犯不着fànbuzháo & 犯得着fàndezháosoon
  • 87“Unavoidable”免不了miǎnbuliǎosoon
  • 88“To grant” (formal)予以yǔyǐsoon
  • 89“Somewhat”有所yǒusuǒsoon
  • 90“Excluded”除外chúwàisoon
  • 91“Could it be called…”可谓kěwèi & 所谓suǒwèisoon
  • 92“Could it…”可否kěfǒusoon
  • 93“Is not” (formal)并非bìngfēisoon
DPRO

Demonstrative pronouns

指示代词
  • 94Formal demonstratives彼bǐ & 兹zīsoon
  • 95Colloquial “like this/how”这么着zhèmezhe & 怎么着zěnmezhesoon
QPRO

Interrogative pronouns

疑问代词
  • 96“What” (formal)何hésoon
  • 97“Several, some”若干ruògānsoon
MW

Measure words

量词
  • 98Measure words 7重 截 縷 碼 枚 攤 丸 則 幢 宗soon
  • 99More measure words通(動量詞) 人次(複合量詞)soon
SADV

Scope adverbs

范围副词
  • 100“All, generally”皆jiē & 均jūnsoon
  • 101“Generally” & “entirely”大体dàtǐ & 统统tǒngtǒngsoon
  • 102“Only, solely”唯wéi & 唯独wéidú & 唯有wéiyǒusoon
  • 103“In summary”概gàisoon
  • 104“Nothing but”无非wúfēisoon
TADV

Time adverbs

时间副词
  • 105“For now”姑且gūqiě & 暂且zànqiěsoon
  • 106“Immediately” (formal)即jí & 即时jíshí & 随即suíjísoon
  • 107“As soon as”一经yìjīngsoon
  • 108“As soon as possible”尽早jǐnzǎo & 早日zǎorìsoon
  • 109“At that time”届时jièshísoon
  • 110“Thereupon”就此jiùcǐsoon
  • 111“All along” (formal)历来lìláisoon
  • 112“Still” (formal)尚shàngsoon
YADV

Manner adverbs

方式副词
  • 113“In theory”按理ànlǐ & 按说ànshuōsoon
  • 114“With all one’s might”百般bǎibān & 竭力jiélìsoon
  • 115“With all one’s might” 2尽情jìnqíng & 拼命pīnmìngsoon
  • 116“Forcibly”强行qiángxíng & 擅自shànzìsoon
  • 117Involuntarily vs. deliberately不由得bùyóude & 刻意kèyìsoon
  • 118“On one’s own”私自sīzì & 擅自shànzìsoon
  • 119Taking the opportunity/timing趁机chènjī & 趁早chènzǎosoon
  • 120“Nearby” & “blatantly”就近jiùjìn & 大肆dàsìsoon
  • 121“Insist on…”执意zhíyì & 照常zhàochángsoon
  • 122“As usual”照例zhàolì & 照样zhàoyàngsoon
  • 123“Specially, for this purpose”专程zhuānchéngsoon
  • 124Resolutely断然duànrán / 截然jiérán / 毅然yìránsoon
  • 125“Intentionally” (formal)有意yǒuyìsoon
  • 126Suddenly (formal)骤然zhòurán→
  • 127One by one逐一zhúyīsoon
  • 128“Openly”公然gōngránsoon
  • 129“Rapidly”火速huǒsùsoon
  • 130“Arbitrarily”任意rènyìsoon
  • 131“Increasingly” (formal)日趋rìqūsoon
  • 132“On schedule”如期rúqīsoon
  • 133“Hereby” (formal)特此tècǐsoon
  • 134“At random”瞎xiāsoon
  • 135“Together”一并yíbìngsoon
  • 136“In one go”一举yìjǔsoon
  • 137“Single-handedly”一手yìshǒusoon
PHR

Common phrases

常用短语
  • 138Honesty markers不瞞你說、老實說soon
  • 139“Seriously”說真的soon
  • 140Reframing 1反過來說、換句話說soon
  • 141Reframing 2概括來說、簡而言之soon
  • 142Reframing 3話是這麼說、話說回來soon
  • 143“Then again…”退一步說soon
  • 144Surprise reactions 1你看你、真是的soon
  • 145Surprise reactions 2這不、可不是嘛soon
  • 146“I’ll say this much…”還別說soon
  • 147Conversational fillers 1不是、不是我說你soon
  • 148Conversational fillers 2說到哪兒去了、這樣一來soon
  • 149“No matter what” & “if you ask me”無論如何、要讓我說soon