Click here to modify ↘️
the characters and pinyin
HSK 6 · TOCFL C1+
Grammar 语法
An index of 81 points across 19 categories, in study order.
NADV
Negation adverbs
否定副词- 01 “Not necessarily not…” 未尝 soon
- 02 Not necessary 未必 →
DADV
Degree adverbs
程度副词- 03 Adverbs for degree 2 特 & 异常 →
- 04“Utterly without”毫无……soon
SADV
Scope adverbs
范围副词- 05 Scope adverbs 尽 & 净 →
- 06 Frequency & scope adverbs 一概 / 一律 / 通通 soon
- 07 “Mostly” in Chinese 大都 →
TADV
Time adverbs
时间副词- 08 In an instant 转眼 & 立时 soon
- 09 Increasingly (formal) 日益 soon
- 10 “At first” & “all along” 起初 & 向来 soon
- 11 Sooner or later 早晚 →
- 12 For a short while 一时 →
- 13 “Still” in Chinese 4 仍旧 & 依旧 →
- 14 “Always” in Chinese 2 一向 →
FADV
Frequency adverbs
频率副词RADV
Correlative adverbs
关联副词- 16 Conjunctive adverbs 一齐 & 一同 soon
- 17 便 – formal way to express 就 soon
MADV
Modal adverbs
语气副词- 18 才 – disagreement →
- 19 才 – harder than expected →
- 20 就 – easier than expected →
- 21 “Just right” 刚好 & 恰好 →
- 22 Expressing “contrary to expectations” 偏 →
- 23 “Really, rather…” 未免 soon
- 24 “On the contrary” 反倒/反而 soon
- 25 “Fortunately” 好在 soon
- 26 “Finally” in Chinese 2 总算 →
- 27 “Indeed” in Chinese 3 倒是 →
- 28 Showing contrast 倒是 2 →
- 29 Shifting focus 倒是 3 →
- 30 “Simply” in Chinese 2 干脆 →
- 31 “Obviously” in Chinese 明明 →
- 32 “May as well” 也好 →
YADV
Manner adverbs
方式副词- 33 Specially 特地 & 特意 soon
- 34 Can not help 不禁 →
- 35 Hurriedly 赶忙 soon
- 36 “In person” in Chinese 亲眼 soon
- 37 Secretly 偷偷 →
EADV
Epistemic adverbs
情态副词- 38 “Hard to avoid” 难免 soon
- 39 “Unavoidably” in Chinese 2 难免 →
PREP
Prepositions
介词- 40 Indicates time, place or range 于 soon
- 41 “Regarding” in Chinese 2 至于 soon
- 42 Take advantage of 趁 →
CONJ
Conjunctions
连词- 43 Indicate effect 而 →
- 44 Connecting components 而 / 同 / 与 →
- 45 Unexpectedly 不料 →
- 46 Abbreviated words for “if” & “but” 若 & 可 →
- 47 Abbreviated words for “because” & “besides” 因 & 除 →
- 48 Purpose & avoidance 以便 & 以免/免得 soon
- 49 Resulting consequence 以致 & 从而 soon
- 50 “So that” in Chinese 以便 →
SPTC
Structural particles
结构助词- 51 Structural particle 所 soon
MPTC
Modal particles
语气助词PPRO
Personal pronouns
人称代词MW
Measure words
量词- 54 Measure words 6 餐 串 滋 副 股 集 soon
SENT
Special sentence patterns
特殊句式- 55 Passive sentences 3 给 →
- 56 把 part 4 →
- 57Comparative choice与其……不如……soon
- 58 Passive with 所 为……所…… soon
FIXED
Fixed expressions
固定格式- 59 Referring to a topic 对……而言 / 就……来说 / 至于 soon
- 60 Contrast or exclusion 除了……以外 / 与其……不如 soon
- 61 In everything 凡事…都 soon
- 62 Now and then 时而 & 一时 soon
- 63 Scattered locations pattern 东一A，西一A soon
- 64 Repeating measure word pattern A一M，B一M soon
- 65 Using something as a basis 以……为…… soon
- 66 Simultaneous actions or things 连……带…… soon
- 67 Strong necessity or determination 非……不可/不成 soon
CPLX
Complex sentences
复句- 68 Concession 1 固然……但是…… soon
- 69 Concession 2 哪怕/纵然……也…… soon
- 70 Concession 3 尚且……何况…… soon
- 71 Condition 1 除非……否则/才…… soon
- 72 Condition 2 万一…… soon
- 73 Condition 3 倘若/假设……就…… soon
- 74 Progressive 1 不仅不/反而…… soon
- 75 Progressive 2 尚且……况且…… soon
- 76 Unless 除非…否则/要不然 →
- 77 “Only if” 除非…才 →
- 78 “Even if” in Chinese 4 就算 / 就是…也 →
- 79 Double negation for emphasis 没有一个不…… / 不得不…… soon
COMP