Where 並并 bìng adds a mild sense of “not, in fact,” 根本根本 gēnběn goes further — conveying a strong sense of negation or skepticism, often carrying disbelief.
1 Structure
S + 根本根本 gēnběn + V
加州房價那麼高,年輕人根本買不起房子加州房价那么高,年轻人根本买不起房子
The housing prices in California are so high that young people simply can’t afford to buy a house.
這個問題根本沒辦法解決这个问题根本没办法解决
This problem cannot be solved at all.
你根本聽不懂我在說什麼你根本听不懂我在说什么
You simply don’t understand what I’m saying.
我根本不認識你,你到底是誰?我根本不认识你,你到底是谁?
I don’t know you at all; who are you, anyway?
他根本沒去過中國,你怎麼會問他中國旅遊的事他根本没去过中国,你怎么会问他中国旅游的事
He has never been to China — why are you asking him about traveling to China?
我每天加班,根本沒有時間學中文我每天加班,根本没有时间学中文
I work overtime every day; I really just don’t have the time to learn Chinese.
現在來上海旅遊根本不需要現金,全都是電子支付现在来上海旅游根本不需要现金,全都是电子支付
Traveling to Shanghai nowadays doesn’t require cash at all — it’s all electronic payments.
FYI
Shanghai has gone all-in on digital living — everyday tasks are managed through smartphones, especially with electronic payment options like Alipay and WeChat Pay. Most people haven’t used cash in ages, and if you do want to pay in cash, bring exact change since businesses may not have any on hand.
When dining out, it’s common to order by scanning a QR code found at the corner of the table. That pulls up the full menu linked to your table number — you can place orders, calculate the bill, and often pay directly through the same system. So if you’re a tourist without WeChat or Alipay, ordering can get pretty inconvenient.
2 Let’s Compare
我根本不認識你,你到底是誰?我根本不认识你,你到底是谁?
I don’t know you at all; who are you, anyway?
Emphasizing the impossibility.
我不認識你,你到底是誰?我不认识你,你到底是谁?
I don’t know you; who are you?
Just a fact — no added emphasis.
我每天加班,根本沒有時間學中文我每天加班,根本没有时间学中文
I work overtime every day; I really just don’t have the time to learn Chinese.
Emphasizing the impossibility.
我每天加班,沒有時間學中文我每天加班,没有时间学中文
I work overtime every day; I don’t have the time to learn Chinese.
Just a fact — no added emphasis.
3 並并 bìng vs 根本根本 gēnběn
Both 並并 bìng and 根本根本 gēnběn emphasize a negation, but they sit at different intensities — the choice depends on how strongly you want to make your point.
|
No Emphasis |
並并 bìng |
根本根本 gēnběn |
| Sentence |
他不是壞人他不是坏人 |
他並不是壞人他并不是坏人 |
他根本不是壞人他根本不是坏人 |
| Feel |
Straightforward negation |
Mild contrast — “not, in fact” |
Strong disbelief — “not at all” |
| Translation |
He is not a bad person. |
Contrary to what you’d think, he’s not a bad person. |
He is absolutely not a bad person. |
Quick Way to Remember
Reach for 並并 bìng when you’re gently correcting an assumption. Reach for 根本根本 gēnběn when you want to shut the idea down entirely, with a sense of disbelief.
4 Practice
Translate each sentence into Chinese, then tap the card to check your answer.
01Chinese is really not that difficult; you can learn it in just one year.
中文根本不難,只要一年就可以學會了中文根本不难,只要一年就可以学会了
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02How is that possible? You’re simply lying.
怎麼可能,你根本在說謊怎么可能,你根本在说谎
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03I’m not lying; it’s just that you simply don’t trust me.
我沒說謊,是你根本不信我我没说谎,是你根本不信我
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04This kind of thing simply doesn’t exist.
這種事情根本不存在这种事情根本不存在
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05He doesn’t understand any of this at all.
他根本不懂這些他根本不懂这些
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06I don’t have any interest in this job at all.
我對這份工作根本沒有興趣我对这份工作根本没有兴趣
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07This company has no plans to expand at all.
這家公司根本沒有擴張的計畫这家公司根本没有扩张的计划
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08You don’t need to worry about this at all.
你根本不需要擔心這件事你根本不需要担心这件事
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09She’s never even heard of this restaurant.
她根本沒聽過這家餐廳她根本没听过这家餐厅
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10This kind of price is simply unreasonable.
這種價格根本不合理这种价格根本不合理
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