{"id":9371,"date":"2023-08-21T15:22:28","date_gmt":"2023-08-21T07:22:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/?p=9371"},"modified":"2026-08-01T18:34:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T10:34:41","slug":"the-chinese-family-tree","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/21\/the-chinese-family-tree\/","title":{"rendered":"The Chinese Family Tree"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/21\/the-chinese-family-tree\/#%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%BF%83%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E5%BA%AD_hexin_jiating_%E2%80%94_Immediate_Family\" >\u6838\u6838\u5fc3\u5fc3\u5bb6\u5bb6\u5ead\u5ead\n      h\u00e9x\u012bn ji\u0101t\u00edng\n      \u2014 Immediate Family<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/21\/the-chinese-family-tree\/#%E7%A5%96%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E6%AF%8D_zufumu_%E2%80%94_Grandparents\" >\u7956\u7956\u7236\u7236\u6bcd\u6bcd\n      z\u01d4f\u00f9m\u01d4\n      \u2014 Grandparents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/21\/the-chinese-family-tree\/#%E8%87%AA%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%B6_ziji_de_jia_%E2%80%94_Your_Own_Family\" >\u81ea\u81ea\u5df1\u5df1\u7684\u7684\u5bb6\u5bb6\n      z\u00ecj\u01d0 de ji\u0101\n      \u2014 Your Own Family<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/21\/the-chinese-family-tree\/#%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%AF%E5%8F%94%E5%8F%94%E5%A7%91%E5%A7%91%E5%A7%A8%E5%A7%A8%E8%88%85%E8%88%85_bo_shu_gu_yi_jiu_%E2%80%94_Aunts_Uncles\" >\u4f2f\u4f2f\u53d4\u53d4\u59d1\u59d1\u59e8\u59e8\u8205\u8205\n      b\u00f3 sh\u016b g\u016b y\u00ed ji\u00f9\n      \u2014 Aunts &amp; Uncles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/21\/the-chinese-family-tree\/#%E5%A0%82%E5%A0%82%E8%A1%A8%E8%A1%A8%E5%85%84%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E5%BC%9F%E5%A7%90%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9%E5%A6%B9_tang_biao_xiongdijiemei_%E2%80%94_Cousins\" >\u5802\u5802\u8868\u8868\u5144\u5144\u5f1f\u5f1f\u59d0\u59d0\u59b9\u59b9\n      t\u00e1ng bi\u01ceo xi\u014dngd\u00ecji\u011bm\u00e8i\n      \u2014 Cousins<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/21\/the-chinese-family-tree\/#%E5%A7%AA%E4%BE%84%E7%94%A5%E7%94%A5_zhi_sheng_%E2%80%94_Nieces_Nephews\" >\u59ea\u4f84\u7525\u7525\n      zh\u00ed sh\u0113ng\n      \u2014 Nieces &amp; Nephews<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/08\/21\/the-chinese-family-tree\/#%E5%A7%BB%E5%A7%BB%E8%A6%AA%E4%BA%B2_yinqin_%E2%80%94_In-Laws\" >\u59fb\u59fb\u89aa\u4eb2\n      y\u012bnq\u012bn\n      \u2014 In-Laws<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:4px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n<title>The Chinese Family Tree \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese (Redesign)<\/title>\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Noto+Serif+TC:wght@500;700&#038;family=Noto+Sans+TC:wght@400;500;600&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n  :root{\n    --bg:#ffffff;\n    --ink:#262220;\n    --ink-soft:#7a726c;\n    --accent:#b3382c;\n    --accent-soft:#f7e9e6;\n    --jade:#4f7d68;\n    --jade-soft:#e9f1ec;\n    --line:#ece5de;\n    --card:#fbf9f6;\n    --serif:'Noto Serif TC','Songti TC',serif;\n    --sans:'Noto Sans TC',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',sans-serif;\n  }\n  *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n  body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);line-height:1.75;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;}\n  .shell{max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;padding:4px 24px 10px;}\n\n  @media (max-width:480px){\n    .shell{padding-left:5px;padding-right:5px;}\n  }\n\n  \/* No display rules here for .lang-zh-TW \/ .lang-zh-CN \u2014 the site's own\n     Text Display switch controls visibility. *\/\n\n  .zh{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.05em;font-weight:600;}\n  .zh .lang-zh-TW,.zh .lang-zh-CN{color:var(--ink);}\n\n  .eyebrow{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;margin:0 0 14px;}\n  h1.title{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:700;font-size:clamp(32px,5vw,46px);margin:0 0 10px;line-height:1.15;color:var(--ink);}\n  .subtitle-zh{font-size:22px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0 0 28px;font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;}\n  .lede{font-size:17.5px;color:#3c3733;margin:0 0 8px;}\n\n  section{margin:56px 0;}\n  section:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0;}\n  .kicker{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;margin:0 0 8px;}\n  h2{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:700;font-size:26px;margin:0 0 8px;display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;color:var(--ink);}\n  h2 .h2-pinyin{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:400;font-size:15px;color:var(--ink-soft);}\n  h2 .h2-en{font-weight:500;color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:0.85em;}\n  .section-note{font-size:15px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0 0 24px;}\n  p{margin:0 0 16px;font-size:16px;color:#3c3733;}\n\n  .sub-label{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:28px 0 14px;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line);}\n  .sub-label:first-of-type{margin-top:0;padding-top:0;border-top:none;}\n\n  .voc-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:1px;background:var(--line);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;margin:0 0 8px;}\n  .voc-item{background:var(--card);padding:16px 34px 16px 14px;position:relative;}\n  .say-btn{position:absolute;top:14px;right:10px;background:none;border:none;cursor:pointer;padding:2px;font-size:14px;line-height:1;color:var(--ink-soft);opacity:0.6;}\n  .say-btn:hover{color:var(--accent);opacity:1;}\n  .voc-cn{margin-bottom:2px;line-height:1.3;}\n  .voc-pinyin{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:12px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-bottom:6px;}\n  .voc-en{font-size:13px;color:var(--ink-soft);}\n  .voc-note{font-size:11px;color:var(--jade);margin-top:4px;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;}\n\n  .note-box{margin:20px 0;padding:16px 18px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--accent);border-radius:4px;background:var(--card);}\n  .note-box .note-label{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);font-weight:700;margin:0 0 6px;}\n  .note-box p{font-size:14.5px;margin:0 0 8px;color:#3c3733;}\n  .note-box p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}\n\n  hr.div{border:none;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:56px 0;}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"shell\">\n\n  <p class=\"eyebrow\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5bb6<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5bb6<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u65cf<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u65cf<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7a31<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u79f0<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8b02<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8c13<\/span> \u00b7 Chinese Vocabulary<\/p>\n  <h1 class=\"title\">The Chinese Family Tree<\/h1>\n  <p class=\"subtitle-zh\">\n    <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5bb6<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5bb6<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u65cf<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u65cf<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7a31<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u79f0<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8b02<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8c13<\/span>\n  <\/p>\n  <p class=\"lede\">English gets by with &#8220;aunt,&#8221; &#8220;uncle,&#8221; and &#8220;cousin.&#8221; Chinese doesn&#8217;t let you off that easy \u2014 every relative&#8217;s exact position matters: which side of the family, older or younger, by blood or by marriage. It sounds intimidating, but there&#8217;s a clear logic once you see the pattern.<\/p>\n\n  <!-- IMMEDIATE FAMILY -->\n  <section id=\"family\">\n    <p class=\"kicker\">The core four<\/p>\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%BF%83%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E5%BA%AD_hexin_jiating_%E2%80%94_Immediate_Family\"><\/span>\n      <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6838<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6838<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5fc3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5fc3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5bb6<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5bb6<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5ead<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5ead<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-pinyin\">h\u00e9x\u012bn ji\u0101t\u00edng<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-en\">\u2014 Immediate Family<\/span>\n    <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <p class=\"section-note\">Notice that siblings already split by age \u2014 there&#8217;s no single word for just &#8220;brother&#8221; or &#8220;sister.&#8221;<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7238\u7238<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7238\u7238<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">b\u00e0ba<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">b\u00e0ba<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">father<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5abd\u5abd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5988\u5988<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">m\u0101ma<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">m\u0101ma<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">mother<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u54e5\u54e5<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u54e5\u54e5<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">g\u0113ge<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">g\u0113ge<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">older brother<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59d0\u59d0<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59d0\u59d0<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">ji\u011bjie<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">ji\u011bjie<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">older sister<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5f1f\u5f1f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5f1f\u5f1f<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">d\u00ecdi<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">d\u00ecdi<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">younger brother<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59b9\u59b9<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59b9\u59b9<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">m\u00e8imei<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">m\u00e8imei<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">younger sister<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">xi\u014dngd\u00ecji\u011bm\u00e8i<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">xi\u014dngd\u00ecji\u011bm\u00e8i<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">siblings<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u89aa\u621a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4eb2\u621a<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">q\u012bnqi<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">q\u012bnqi<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">relatives<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- GRANDPARENTS -->\n  <section id=\"grandparents\">\n    <p class=\"kicker\">Two sides, two sets<\/p>\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%A5%96%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E6%AF%8D_zufumu_%E2%80%94_Grandparents\"><\/span>\n      <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7956<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7956<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7236<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7236<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6bcd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6bcd<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-pinyin\">z\u01d4f\u00f9m\u01d4<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-en\">\u2014 Grandparents<\/span>\n    <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <p class=\"section-note\">Chinese never lets &#8220;grandma&#8221; or &#8220;grandpa&#8221; stay ambiguous \u2014 which side of the family always comes with the word.<\/p>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7238\u7238<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7238\u7238<\/span>\u90a3<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u908a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fb9<\/span> \u00b7 Dad&#8217;s side<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5976\u5976<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5976\u5976<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">n\u01ceinai<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">n\u01ceinai<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">paternal grandmother<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u723a\u723a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7237\u7237<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">y\u00e9ye<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">y\u00e9ye<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">paternal grandfather<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5abd\u5abd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5988\u5988<\/span>\u90a3<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u908a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fb9<\/span> \u00b7 Mum&#8217;s side<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5916\u5a46<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5916\u5a46<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">w\u00e0ip\u00f3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">w\u00e0ip\u00f3<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">maternal grandmother<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5916\u516c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5916\u516c<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">w\u00e0ig\u014dng<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">w\u00e0ig\u014dng<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">maternal grandfather<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59e5\u59e5<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59e5\u59e5<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">l\u01ceolao<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">l\u01ceolao<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">maternal grandmother<div class=\"voc-note\">Northern Mainland usage<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59e5\u723a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59e5\u7237<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">l\u01ceoye<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">l\u01ceoye<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">maternal grandfather<div class=\"voc-note\">Northern Mainland usage<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u73fe<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u73b0<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4ee3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4ee3<\/span>\u3001<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5206<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5206<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u908a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fb9<\/span> \u00b7 Modern &amp; side-neutral<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u963f\u516c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u963f\u516c<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u0101g\u014dng<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u0101g\u014dng<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">grandpa, either side<div class=\"voc-note\">Taiwan, casual<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u963f\u5b24<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u963f\u5b37<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u0101m\u00e0<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u0101m\u00e0<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">grandma, either side<div class=\"voc-note\">Taiwan, casual<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"note-box\">\n      <p class=\"note-label\">Why &#8220;outside&#8221;?<\/p>\n      <p>The character <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5916<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5916<\/span> w\u00e0i (&#8220;outside&#8221;) in <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5916\u5a46<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5916\u5a46<\/span> and <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5916\u516c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5916\u516c<\/span> is a leftover from when families were organized around the father&#8217;s line, treating the mother&#8217;s relatives as technically &#8220;outside&#8221; the family. Younger generations, especially in Taiwan, are moving away from that distinction \u2014 using <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u963f\u516c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u963f\u516c<\/span> and <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u963f\u5b24<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u963f\u5b37<\/span> for grandparents on either side, no &#8220;outside&#8221; implied.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- YOUR OWN FAMILY -->\n  <section id=\"own-family\">\n    <p class=\"kicker\">The family you make<\/p>\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%87%AA%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%B6_ziji_de_jia_%E2%80%94_Your_Own_Family\"><\/span>\n      <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u81ea<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u81ea<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5df1<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5df1<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7684<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7684<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5bb6<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5bb6<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-pinyin\">z\u00ecj\u01d0 de ji\u0101<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-en\">\u2014 Your Own Family<\/span>\n    <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5148\u751f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5148\u751f<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">xi\u0101nsh\u0113ng<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">xi\u0101nsheng<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">husband<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e08\u592b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e08\u592b<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">zh\u00e0ngf\u016b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">zh\u00e0ngfu<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">husband<div class=\"voc-note\">written \/ literary<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u592a\u592a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u592a\u592a<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">t\u00e0itai<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">t\u00e0itai<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">wife<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59bb\u5b50<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59bb\u5b50<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">q\u012bz\u01d0<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">q\u012bzi<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">wife<div class=\"voc-note\">written \/ literary<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8001\u516c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8001\u516c<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">l\u01ceog\u014dng<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">l\u01ceog\u014dng<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">hubby<div class=\"voc-note\">affectionate<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8001\u5a46<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8001\u5a46<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">l\u01ceop\u00f3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">l\u01ceop\u00f3<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">wifey<div class=\"voc-note\">affectionate<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7236\u6bcd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7236\u6bcd<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">f\u00f9m\u01d4<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">f\u00f9m\u01d4<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">parents<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5152\u5b50<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u513f\u5b50<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u00e9rzi<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u00e9rzi<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">son<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5973\u5152<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5973\u513f<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">n\u01da\u00e9r<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">n\u01da\u00e9r<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">daughter<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5b69\u5b50<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5b69\u5b50<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">h\u00e1izi<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">h\u00e1izi<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">child<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"note-box\">\n      <p class=\"note-label\">\u8001\u516c &amp; \u8001\u5a46<\/p>\n      <p><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8001\u516c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8001\u516c<\/span> l\u01ceog\u014dng and <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8001\u5a46<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8001\u5a46<\/span> l\u01ceop\u00f3 are the warm, everyday way couples refer to each other \u2014 closer to &#8220;hubby&#8221; and &#8220;wifey&#8221; than the more formal \u5148\u751f\/\u592a\u592a. Despite starting with \u8001 (&#8220;old&#8221;), there&#8217;s nothing aging about them; it&#8217;s a term of closeness, not age.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <hr class=\"div\">\n  <p class=\"section-note\" style=\"text-align:center;font-style:italic;\">Part two \u2014 this is where it gets serious \ud83d\ude35\u200d\ud83d\udcab<\/p>\n\n  <!-- AUNTS & UNCLES -->\n  <section id=\"aunts-uncles\">\n    <p class=\"kicker\">Every side, precisely labeled<\/p>\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%AF%E5%8F%94%E5%8F%94%E5%A7%91%E5%A7%91%E5%A7%A8%E5%A7%A8%E8%88%85%E8%88%85_bo_shu_gu_yi_jiu_%E2%80%94_Aunts_Uncles\"><\/span>\n      <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4f2f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4f2f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u53d4<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u53d4<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59d1<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59d1<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59e8<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59e8<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8205<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8205<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-pinyin\">b\u00f3 sh\u016b g\u016b y\u00ed ji\u00f9<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-en\">\u2014 Aunts &amp; Uncles<\/span>\n    <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <p class=\"section-note\">English has one &#8220;uncle&#8221; and one &#8220;aunt.&#8221; Chinese has five of each, depending on which parent they&#8217;re related to, which side of a marriage they&#8217;re on, and \u2014 for father&#8217;s brothers \u2014 whether they&#8217;re older or younger than your dad.<\/p>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\">Uncle<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4f2f\u7236<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4f2f\u7236<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">b\u00f3f\u00f9<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">b\u00f3f\u00f9<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">father&#8217;s older brother<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u53d4\u53d4<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u53d4\u53d4<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">sh\u00fashu<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">sh\u00fashu<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">father&#8217;s younger brother<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59d1\u4e08<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59d1\u4e08<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">g\u016bzh\u00e0ng<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">g\u016bzh\u00e0ng<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">father&#8217;s sister&#8217;s husband<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8205\u8205<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8205\u8205<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">ji\u00f9jiu<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">ji\u00f9jiu<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">mother&#8217;s brother<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59e8\u4e08<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59e8\u4e08<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">y\u00edzh\u00e0ng<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">y\u00edzh\u00e0ng<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">mother&#8217;s sister&#8217;s husband<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\">Aunt<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59d1\u59d1<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59d1\u59d1<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">g\u016bgu<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">g\u016bgu<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">father&#8217;s sister<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5b38\u5b38<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5a76\u5a76<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">sh\u011bnshen<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">sh\u011bnshen<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">father&#8217;s brother&#8217;s wife<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59e8\u5abd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59e8\u5988<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">y\u00edm\u0101<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">y\u00edm\u0101<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">mother&#8217;s sister<div class=\"voc-note\">casual: <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u963f\u59e8<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u963f\u59e8<\/span> \u0101y\u00ed<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8205\u5abd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8205\u5988<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">ji\u00f9m\u0101<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">ji\u00f9m\u0101<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">mother&#8217;s brother&#8217;s wife<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"note-box\">\n      <p class=\"note-label\">The everyday shortcut<\/p>\n      <p>In casual speech, especially with family friends who aren&#8217;t technically relatives, people often just say <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u963f\u59e8<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u963f\u59e8<\/span> \u0101y\u00ed or <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u53d4\u53d4<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u53d4\u53d4<\/span> sh\u00fashu to any adult roughly their parents&#8217; age \u2014 a polite, catch-all way to address grown-ups without working out the exact relation.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- COUSINS -->\n  <section id=\"cousins\">\n    <p class=\"kicker\">Eight ways to say &#8220;cousin&#8221;<\/p>\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%A0%82%E5%A0%82%E8%A1%A8%E8%A1%A8%E5%85%84%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E5%BC%9F%E5%A7%90%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9%E5%A6%B9_tang_biao_xiongdijiemei_%E2%80%94_Cousins\"><\/span>\n      <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5802<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5802<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8868<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8868<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5144<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5144<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5f1f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5f1f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59d0<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59d0<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59b9<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59b9<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-pinyin\">t\u00e1ng bi\u01ceo xi\u014dngd\u00ecji\u011bm\u00e8i<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-en\">\u2014 Cousins<\/span>\n    <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <p class=\"section-note\">Every cousin term is built from two ingredients: which side of the family (father&#8217;s = \u5802, mother&#8217;s = \u8868), then older\/younger and male\/female \u2014 same pattern as siblings.<\/p>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7238\u7238<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7238\u7238<\/span>\u90a3<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u908a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fb9<\/span> \u00b7 Dad&#8217;s side (<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5802<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5802<\/span>)<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5802\u54e5<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5802\u54e5<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">t\u00e1ngg\u0113<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">t\u00e1ngg\u0113<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">older male cousin<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5802\u5f1f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5802\u5f1f<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">t\u00e1ngd\u00ec<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">t\u00e1ngd\u00ec<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">younger male cousin<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5802\u59ca<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5802\u59ca<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">t\u00e1ngji\u011b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">t\u00e1ngji\u011b<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">older female cousin<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5802\u59b9<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5802\u59b9<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">t\u00e1ngm\u00e8i<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">t\u00e1ngm\u00e8i<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">younger female cousin<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5abd\u5abd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5988\u5988<\/span>\u90a3<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u908a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fb9<\/span> \u00b7 Mum&#8217;s side (<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8868<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8868<\/span>)<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8868\u54e5<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8868\u54e5<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">bi\u01ceog\u0113<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">bi\u01ceog\u0113<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">older male cousin<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8868\u5f1f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8868\u5f1f<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">bi\u01ceod\u00ec<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">bi\u01ceod\u00ec<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">younger male cousin<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8868\u59ca<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8868\u59ca<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">bi\u01ceoji\u011b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">bi\u01ceoji\u011b<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">older female cousin<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8868\u59b9<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8868\u59b9<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">bi\u01ceom\u00e8i<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">bi\u01ceom\u00e8i<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">younger female cousin<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"note-box\">\n      <p class=\"note-label\">The pattern, spelled out<\/p>\n      <p>Every term here is a small formula: <strong>side<\/strong> (\u5802 = dad&#8217;s side, \u8868 = mum&#8217;s side) + <strong>birth order<\/strong> (\u54e5\/\u59ca = older, \u5f1f\/\u59b9 = younger). Once that clicks, you can build all eight without memorizing them one by one.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- NIECES & NEPHEWS -->\n  <section id=\"niece-nephew\">\n    <p class=\"kicker\">One more split<\/p>\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%A7%AA%E4%BE%84%E7%94%A5%E7%94%A5_zhi_sheng_%E2%80%94_Nieces_Nephews\"><\/span>\n      <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59ea<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4f84<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7525<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7525<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-pinyin\">zh\u00ed sh\u0113ng<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-en\">\u2014 Nieces &amp; Nephews<\/span>\n    <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <p class=\"section-note\">This time the split isn&#8217;t paternal\/maternal \u2014 it&#8217;s whether they come from your brother&#8217;s family or your sister&#8217;s.<\/p>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\">Brother&#8217;s side<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59ea\u5973<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4f84\u5973<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">zh\u00edn\u01da<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">zh\u00edn\u01da<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">niece<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59ea\u5b50<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4f84\u5b50<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">zh\u00edzi<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">zh\u00edzi<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">nephew<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\">Sister&#8217;s side<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5916\u7525\u5973<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5916\u7525\u5973<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">w\u00e0ishengn\u01da<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">w\u00e0ishengn\u01da<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">niece<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5916\u7525<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5916\u7525<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">w\u00e0isheng<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">w\u00e0isheng<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">nephew<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- IN-LAWS -->\n  <section id=\"in-laws\">\n    <p class=\"kicker\">The family you marry into<\/p>\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%A7%BB%E5%A7%BB%E8%A6%AA%E4%BA%B2_yinqin_%E2%80%94_In-Laws\"><\/span>\n      <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59fb<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59fb<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u89aa<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4eb2<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-pinyin\">y\u012bnq\u012bn<\/span>\n      <span class=\"h2-en\">\u2014 In-Laws<\/span>\n    <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\">Husband&#8217;s side<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u516c\u516c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u516c\u516c<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">g\u014dnggong<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">g\u014dnggong<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">husband&#8217;s father<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5a46\u5a46<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5a46\u5a46<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">p\u00f3po<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">p\u00f3po<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">husband&#8217;s mother<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\">Wife&#8217;s side<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5cb3\u7236<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5cb3\u7236<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">yu\u00e8f\u00f9<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">yu\u00e8f\u00f9<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">wife&#8217;s father<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5cb3\u6bcd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5cb3\u6bcd<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">yu\u00e8m\u01d4<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">yu\u00e8m\u01d4<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">wife&#8217;s mother<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p class=\"sub-label\">Siblings&#8217; side<\/p>\n    <div class=\"voc-grid\">\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59d0\u592b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59d0\u592b<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">ji\u011bf\u016b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">ji\u011bf\u016b<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">older sister&#8217;s husband<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59b9\u592b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59b9\u592b<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">m\u00e8if\u016b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">m\u00e8if\u016b<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">younger sister&#8217;s husband<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5ac2\u5b50<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5ac2\u5b50<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">s\u01ceozi<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">s\u01ceozi<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">older brother&#8217;s wife<\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"voc-item\"><div class=\"voc-cn zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5f1f\u59b9<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5f1f\u59b9<\/span><\/div><button class=\"say-btn\" type=\"button\" onclick=\"speakWord(this)\" aria-label=\"Play pronunciation\">&#128266;<\/button><div class=\"voc-pinyin\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">d\u00ecm\u00e8i<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">d\u00ecm\u00e8i<\/span><\/div><div class=\"voc-en\">younger brother&#8217;s wife<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<\/div>\n<script>\nfunction speakWord(btn){\n  if (!('speechSynthesis' in window)) return;\n  var scope = btn.parentElement;\n  var text = '', lang = 'zh-TW';\n  var tw = scope.querySelector('.lang-zh-TW');\n  var cn = scope.querySelector('.lang-zh-CN');\n  if (tw && getComputedStyle(tw).display !== 'none') { 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href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/topic-center-2\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-571\" style=\"width:150px;height:43px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-600x171.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Chinese Family Tree \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese (Redesign) \u5bb6\u5bb6\u65cf\u65cf\u7a31\u79f0\u8b02\u8c13 \u00b7 Chinese Vocabulary The Chinese Family Tree \u5bb6\u5bb6\u65cf\u65cf\u7a31\u79f0\u8b02\u8c13 English gets by with &#8220;aunt,&#8221; &#8220;uncle,&#8221; and 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It sounds intimidating, but&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16,15],"tags":[655],"class_list":["post-9371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk1","category-hsk2","tag-family-tree"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Chinese Family Tree - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the Chinese family tree. 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