\u525b \u00b7 \u525b\u624d \u00b7 \u525b\u525b \u2014 \u8fd1\u7fa9\u8a5e\u8fa8\u6790<\/title>\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,400;9..144,500;9..144,600&family=Noto+Serif+TC:wght@400;500;600;700;900&family=Noto+Sans+TC:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n :root{\n --bg:#FFFFFF;\n --surface:#FBF9F4;\n --border:#E6DDC6;\n --border-soft:#EFE8D6;\n --ink:#2A241C;\n --ink-soft:#6E6152;\n --ink-faint:#9A8F7A;\n --bronze:#9C6B30;\n --bronze-deep:#6F4A20;\n --gold:#C9A227;\n --gold-tint:#F6EED2;\n --wrong:#A23B2E;\n --right:#4C7A52;\n }\n *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}\n body{\n margin:0;\n background:var(--bg);\n color:var(--ink);\n font-family:\"Inter\",sans-serif;\n line-height:1.7;\n -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;\n }\n .cjk{font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",\"Inter\",serif;}\n ruby, .rb{\n font-size:inherit !important;\n font-weight:inherit !important;\n color:inherit !important;\n font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",serif !important;\n }\n .page{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;padding:64px 24px 96px;}\n .hero{margin-bottom:40px;}\n .eyebrow{\n font-family:\"Noto Sans TC\",sans-serif;\n font-size:12.5px;\n letter-spacing:.14em;\n color:var(--bronze);\n text-transform:uppercase;\n font-weight:600;\n display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;\n margin-bottom:18px;\n }\n .eyebrow::before{content:\"\";display:block;width:26px;height:1px;background:var(--gold);}\n h1.title{\n font-family:\"Fraunces\",\"Noto Serif TC\",serif;\n font-weight:500;\n font-size:clamp(28px,4.8vw,42px);\n line-height:1.25;\n margin:0 0 6px;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n h1.title ruby,\n h1.title .rb{\n font-size:inherit !important;\n color:var(--ink) !important;\n font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",serif !important;\n }\n .subtitle{\n font-size:16px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n margin:0 0 22px;\n max-width:52ch;\n }\n .intro{font-size:15.5px;color:var(--ink);max-width:60ch;}\n .intro ruby,\n .intro .rb{\n font-size:inherit !important;\n font-weight:700 !important;\n color:inherit !important;\n font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",serif !important;\n }\n .intro b{color:var(--bronze-deep);font-weight:600;}\n .toc{\n margin:36px 0 8px;\n padding:18px 20px;\n border:1px solid var(--border-soft);\n border-left:2px solid var(--gold);\n background:var(--surface);\n border-radius:2px;\n }\n .toc-title{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-faint);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:10px;}\n .toc ol{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;columns:2;column-gap:24px;}\n .toc li{margin-bottom:7px;break-inside:avoid;}\n .toc a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;font-size:14px;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;}\n .toc a:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--gold);}\n .toc-num{color:var(--bronze);font-weight:600;margin-right:6px;font-family:\"Fraunces\",serif;}\n .word-card{\n position:relative;\n margin:44px 0;\n padding:32px 28px 28px;\n background:var(--bg);\n border:1px solid var(--border);\n border-radius:3px;\n }\n .card-head{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:18px;margin-bottom:14px;}\n .seal{\n flex:none;\n width:52px;height:52px;\n border-radius:50%;\n border:1.5px solid var(--bronze);\n display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;\n font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",serif;\n font-weight:700;\n font-size:20px;\n color:var(--bronze-deep);\n background:var(--surface);\n transform:rotate(-3deg);\n }\n .card-head h2{\n font-family:\"Fraunces\",\"Noto Serif TC\",serif;\n font-weight:500;\n font-size:22px;\n margin:4px 0 2px;\n line-height:1.3;\n }\n .card-head h2 ruby,\n .card-head h2 .rb{\n font-size:22px !important;\n color:var(--ink) !important;\n font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",serif !important;\n }\n .pos-tag{\n display:inline-block;\n font-family:\"Noto Sans TC\",sans-serif;\n font-size:11px;\n letter-spacing:.06em;\n color:var(--bronze-deep);\n background:var(--gold-tint);\n border:1px solid var(--border);\n padding:2px 9px;\n border-radius:20px;\n margin-top:4px;\n }\n .card-body p{font-size:15px;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 16px;max-width:62ch;}\n .card-body p ruby,\n .card-body p .rb{\n font-size:inherit !important;\n font-weight:700 !important;\n color:inherit !important;\n font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",serif !important;\n }\n .card-body b{color:var(--bronze-deep);font-weight:600;}\n .struct-line{\n font-family:\"Noto Sans TC\",sans-serif;\n font-size:13px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n background:var(--surface);\n border:1px dashed var(--border);\n padding:8px 12px;\n border-radius:2px;\n margin:0 0 20px;\n display:inline-block;\n line-height:2.2;\n }\n .struct-line ruby{font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",serif !important;font-size:14px !important;color:var(--bronze-deep) !important;margin:0 1px;}\n .struct-line rt{font-family:\"Inter\",sans-serif;font-size:9.5px;color:var(--bronze);font-weight:500;}\n .struct-line .punct{font-family:\"Noto Sans TC\",sans-serif;}\n .ex-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px;}\n .ex{padding:12px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--border-soft);}\n .ex:first-child{border-top:none;padding-top:0;}\n .ex-cn{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;}\n .cn-sentence{font-size:19px;line-height:2.1;}\n .cn-sentence ruby{margin-right:1px;}\n .cn-sentence rt{\n font-family:\"Inter\",sans-serif;\n font-size:10.5px;\n color:var(--bronze);\n font-weight:500;\n letter-spacing:.01em;\n }\n body.pinyin-hidden .cn-sentence rt{display:none;}\n body.pinyin-mouseover .cn-sentence rt{opacity:0;transition:opacity .12s;}\n body.pinyin-mouseover .cn-sentence ruby:hover rt{opacity:1;}\n body.mode-cn .lang-zh-TW,\n body.mode-tw .lang-zh-CN { display: none !important; }\n .ex-en{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-top:2px;}\n .section-kicker{\n font-family:\"Noto Sans TC\",sans-serif;\n font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--ink-faint);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:6px;\n }\n .section-title{\n font-family:\"Fraunces\",\"Noto Serif TC\",serif;\n font-size:24px;font-weight:500;margin:0 0 22px;\n }\n .mistakes-section{margin:52px 0;}\n .mistake-block{\n background:var(--surface);\n border:1px solid var(--border);\n border-radius:3px;\n padding:22px 24px;\n margin-bottom:18px;\n }\n .mistake-word{\n font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",serif;\n font-size:13px;\n color:var(--bronze-deep);\n letter-spacing:.04em;\n margin-bottom:12px;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n }\n .pair-row{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:17px;}\n .pair-row:last-of-type{margin-bottom:14px;}\n .mark{\n flex:none;width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;\n display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;\n font-size:12px;font-weight:700;margin-top:4px;\n }\n .mark.no{background:#F6E4E0;color:var(--wrong);}\n .mark.yes{background:#E4EEE3;color:var(--right);}\n .mistake-note{font-size:14px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-soft);}\n .compare-section{margin:52px 0;}\n .table-wrap{\n border:1px solid var(--border);\n border-radius:3px;\n background:var(--surface);\n width:100%;\n overflow-x:auto;\n -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n }\n .compare-table{width:100%;min-width:560px;border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--surface);font-size:14px;}\n .compare-table th,.compare-table td{padding:12px 14px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-soft);vertical-align:top;}\n .compare-table th{\n font-family:\"Noto Sans TC\",sans-serif;\n font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--ink-faint);font-weight:600;background:var(--bg);\n }\n .compare-table tr:last-child td{border-bottom:none;}\n .compare-word{font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",serif;font-size:17px;color:var(--bronze-deep);font-weight:600;}\n .compare-word ruby,\n .compare-word .rb{\n font-size:inherit !important;\n font-weight:600 !important;\n color:var(--bronze-deep) !important;\n font-family:\"Noto Serif TC\",serif !important;\n }\n .compare-word .py{display:block;font-family:\"Inter\",sans-serif;font-size:11px;color:var(--ink-faint);font-weight:400;margin-top:2px;}\n .quiz-section{margin:52px 0;}\n .quiz-wrapper {\n background: var(--surface);\n border: 1px solid var(--border);\n border-radius: 3px;\n padding: 28px 26px;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\n }\n .quiz-header {\n display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;\n margin-bottom: 16px; font-family:\"Noto Sans TC\",sans-serif;\n font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink-faint); font-weight: 600;\n }\n .quiz-progress-bar {\n height: 2px; background: var(--border-soft); border-radius: 2px;\n margin-bottom: 22px; overflow: hidden;\n }\n .quiz-progress-fill {\n height: 100%; background: var(--gold); width: 10%; transition: width 0.3s ease;\n }\n .quiz-card { display: none; }\n .quiz-card.active { display: block; }\n .quiz-en { font-size: 15px; color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 10px; }\n .quiz-sentence {\n font-family: 'Noto Serif TC', serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 2;\n color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 22px;\n }\n .quiz-sentence ruby { ruby-position: over; margin: 0 1px; }\n .quiz-sentence rt { font-family: 'Inter', 'Noto Sans TC', sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 11px; color: var(--ink-soft); }\n .quiz-blank{display:inline-block;min-width:44px;border-bottom:1.5px solid var(--bronze);text-align:center;color:var(--bronze);font-weight:600;}\n .quiz-options {\n display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; margin-bottom: 22px;\n }\n .quiz-opt-btn {\n text-align: left;\n font-size: 18px;\n font-family: \"Noto Serif TC\", serif;\n padding: 12px 16px;\n border: 1px solid var(--border);\n background: var(--bg);\n border-radius: 3px;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: border-color .15s, background .15s;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;\n color: var(--ink);\n }\n .quiz-opt-btn ruby { ruby-position: over; margin: 0 1px; }\n .quiz-opt-btn rt { font-family: 'Inter', 'Noto Sans TC', sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 10px; color: var(--ink-soft); }\n .quiz-opt-btn:hover { border-color: var(--bronze); background: var(--gold-tint); }\n .quiz-opt-btn.correct { border-color: var(--right); background: #EEF5EE !important; color: var(--right) !important; }\n .quiz-opt-btn.wrong { border-color: var(--wrong); background: #FBEEEC !important; color: var(--wrong) !important; }\n .quiz-opt-btn:disabled { cursor: default; }\n .quiz-feedback {\n display: none; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 3px;\n font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 16px;\n }\n .quiz-feedback.correct-bg { display: block; background: #EEF5EE; color: var(--right); border: 1px solid #c8e6c9; }\n .quiz-feedback.wrong-bg { display: block; background: #FBEEEC; color: var(--wrong); border: 1px solid #ffcdd2; }\n .quiz-nav {\n display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;\n border-top: 1px solid var(--border-soft); padding-top: 18px;\n }\n .quiz-nav-btn {\n font-family: \"Inter\", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600;\n background: var(--bronze); color: #fff; border: none; padding: 9px 18px; border-radius: 20px;\n cursor: pointer; transition: opacity .15s;\n }\n .quiz-nav-btn:disabled { opacity: 0.3; cursor: not-allowed; }\n .quiz-done { text-align: center; padding: 20px 0; display: none; }\n .quiz-done.active { display: block; }\n .quiz-done .score-big { font-family: \"Fraunces\", serif; font-size: 44px; color: var(--bronze-deep); margin: 10px 0 5px; }\n .quiz-restart {\n margin-top: 20px; font-family: \"Inter\", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600;\n background: transparent; color: var(--bronze); border: 1px solid var(--bronze); padding: 9px 20px; border-radius: 20px; cursor: pointer;\n transition: background 0.15s, color 0.15s;\n }\n .quiz-restart:hover { background: var(--bronze); color: #fff; }\n .back-link{text-align:center;margin-top:120px;}\n .back-link img{width:25%;height:auto;display:inline-block;transition:opacity .15s;}\n .back-link a:hover img{opacity:.75;}\n .support{\n margin-top:60px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--border);\n text-align:center;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--ink-faint);\n }\n .support a{color:var(--bronze-deep);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--gold);}\n @media (max-width:560px){\n .page{padding:32px 5px 60px;}\n .word-card, .mistake-block, .quiz-wrapper, .toc{\n padding-left: 12px;\n padding-right: 12px;\n margin-left: 5px;\n margin-right: 5px;\n }\n .toc ol{columns:1;}\n .card-head{gap:12px;}\n .cn-sentence{font-size:17px;}\n .back-link img { width: 50%; }\n .quiz-restart { width: 50%; }\n }\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body class=\"mode-tw pinyin-visible\">\n<div class=\"page\">\n\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <div class=\"eyebrow\">Similar words<\/div>\n <h1 class=\"title\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng <span class=\"dot\"> \u00b7 <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i <span class=\"dot\"> \u00b7 <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/h1>\n <p class=\"subtitle\">Three ways to say “just” in Mandarin — and the grammar that tells them apart.<\/p>\n <p class=\"intro\">The words <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng, <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng, and <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i are all used to indicate an action that has just happened a short while ago. However, there are some subtle differences in their meanings and usage.<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <nav class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"Table of contents\">\n <div class=\"toc-title\">On this page<\/div>\n <ol>\n <li><a href=\"#gang\"><span class=\"toc-num\">01<\/span>\u525b g\u0101ng \u2014 Adverb<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#gangcai\"><span class=\"toc-num\">02<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<\/span> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i \u2014 Time Noun<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#ganggang\"><span class=\"toc-num\">03<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<\/span> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng \u2014 The Safe Default<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#mistakes\"><span class=\"toc-num\">04<\/span>Common Pitfalls<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#compare\"><span class=\"toc-num\">05<\/span>Quick Comparison<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#quiz\"><span class=\"toc-num\">06<\/span>Practice Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/nav>\n\n \n <section class=\"word-card\" id=\"gang\">\n <div class=\"card-head\">\n <div class=\"seal\">\u4e00<\/div>\n <div>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%89%9B%E5%88%9A_gang\"><\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <span class=\"pos-tag\">Adverb<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"card-body\">\n <p>It is an adverb that can only be used <b>before a verb or adjective and after a subject<\/b>. It emphasizes that an action has just happened or that something is just about to happen, and it covers the longest period of time among the three “just” expressions.<\/p>\n <p>The funny thing is <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng can be used to indicate an event that occurred in the past, present, or even future. The concept is more focused on the time frame — a short period of time — rather than the tense.<\/p>\n <span class=\"struct-line\"><span class=\"punct\">Subject + <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\"> + Verb \/ Adjective<\/span><\/span>\n <div class=\"ex-list\">\n <div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6628\u5929<rt>zu\u00f3ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5230<rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5317\u4eac<rt>B\u011bij\u012bng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5317\u4eac<rt>B\u011bij\u012bng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">He just arrived in Beijing yesterday. (Past)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u51fa\u9580<rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u51fa\u95e8<rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I just went out. (Present)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5230<rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5b78\u6821<rt>xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5b66\u6821<rt>xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6642\u5019<rt>sh\u00edh\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u65f6\u5019<rt>sh\u00edh\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e00\u5b9a<rt>y\u00edd\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8981<rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8ddf<rt>g\u0113n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8001\u5e2b<rt>l\u01ceosh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8001\u5e08<rt>l\u01ceosh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6253\u62db\u547c<rt>d\u01cezh\u0101oh\u016b<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">You must say hello to the teacher when you just (first) arrive at school. (Future)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u53bb<rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u898b<rt>ji\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u89c1<rt>ji\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8ab0<rt>sh\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8c01<rt>sh\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">Who did you just go see?<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u5929<rt>ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6674<rt>q\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">The weather just cleared up.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8cb7<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e70<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u65b0<rt>x\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u624b\u6a5f<rt>sh\u01d2uj\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u624b\u673a<rt>sh\u01d2uj\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I just bought a new cellphone.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u5979\u7684<rt>t\u0101de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u72d7<rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6b7b<rt>s\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u73fe\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u73b0\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5979<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5fc3\u60c5<rt>x\u012bnq\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u53bb<rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u591c\u5e97<rt>y\u00e8di\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">Her dog just died, so she’s not in the mood to go to the nightclub now.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8d70<rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e09\u5929<rt>s\u0101nti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">He left only three days ago.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"word-card\" id=\"gangcai\">\n <div class=\"card-head\">\n <div class=\"seal\">\u4e8c<\/div>\n <div>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%89%9B%E6%89%8D%E5%88%9A%E6%89%8D_gangcai\"><\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <span class=\"pos-tag\">Noun \u00b7 Time Word<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"card-body\">\n <p>It is a time word (noun) that can be placed either before or after the subject. <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i refers to something that happened a very short time ago, typically within the last few minutes or seconds — a shorter span than <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng. Since it’s a noun, <b>do not place it before an adjective<\/b>.<\/p>\n <span class=\"struct-line\"><span class=\"punct\">(Subject +) <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\"> (+ Subject) + Verb Phrase<\/span><\/span>\n <div class=\"ex-list\">\n <div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6709<rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4f60\u7684<rt>n\u01d0de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u96fb\u8a71<rt>di\u00e0nhu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7535\u8bdd<rt>di\u00e0nhu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby>\u53ef\u662f<rt>k\u011bsh\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d\u5728<rt>b\u00faz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d\u5728<rt>b\u00faz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I had a call from you just now, but you weren’t there.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5403<rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u98fd<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u9971<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I just finished eating.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8cb7<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e70<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb<rt>b\u012bngq\u00edl\u00edn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb<rt>b\u012bngq\u00edl\u00edn<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby>\u5feb<rt>ku\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4f86<rt>l\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6765<rt>l\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5403<rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I bought ice cream just now, come and have some!<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u53bb<rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u54ea\u88e1<rt>n\u01cel\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u54ea\u91cc<rt>n\u01cel\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">Where did you go just now?<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u52a0<rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7cd6<rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ce<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5417<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">The coffee we had earlier had sugar in it?<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e0d<rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8aaa<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bf4<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">Why didn’t you say anything a moment ago?<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u559d<rt>h\u0113<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I didn’t drink coffee just now.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"word-card\" id=\"ganggang\">\n <div class=\"card-head\">\n <div class=\"seal\">\u4e09<\/div>\n <div>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%89%9B%E5%89%9B%E5%88%9A%E5%88%9A_ganggang\"><\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <span class=\"pos-tag\">Adverb \u00b7 The Safe Default<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"card-body\">\n <p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng can be used to express both <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng and <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i. If you’re not sure which of the other two to use, you can always reach for <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng instead.<\/p>\n <span class=\"struct-line\"><span class=\"punct\">Subject + <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\"> + Verb Phrase<\/span><\/span>\n <div class=\"ex-list\">\n <div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c7a\u5b9a<rt>ju\u00e9d\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u51b3\u5b9a<rt>ju\u00e9d\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u653e\u68c4<rt>f\u00e0ngq\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u653e\u5f03<rt>f\u00e0ngq\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5b78<rt>xu\u00e9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5b66<rt>xu\u00e9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e2d\u6587<rt>zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e2d\u6587<rt>zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">He just decided to give up learning Chinese.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d\u662f<rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d\u662f<rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5230<rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e2d\u570b<rt>Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e2d\u56fd<rt>Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5230<rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u73fe\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u73b0\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00\u500b<rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00\u4e2a<rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u670b\u53cb<rt>p\u00e9ngy\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u670b\u53cb<rt>p\u00e9ngyou<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e5f<rt>y\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92\u6709<rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1\u6709<rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">You didn’t just arrive in China. Why haven’t you made any friends yet?<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8aaa<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bf4<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8a71<rt>hu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bdd<rt>hu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6709\u9ede<rt>y\u01d2udi\u01cen<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6709\u70b9<rt>y\u01d2udi\u01cen<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u904e\u5206<rt>gu\u00f2f\u00e8n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fc7\u5206<rt>gu\u00f2f\u00e8n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">What you just said was a bit over the line.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u770b\u5230<rt>k\u00e0nd\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u597d\u50cf<rt>h\u01ceoxi\u00e0ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5f88<rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7d2f<rt>l\u00e8i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I just saw him \u2014 he seems really tired.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"mistakes-section\" id=\"mistakes\">\n <div class=\"section-kicker\">04 \u00b7 Watch Out<\/div>\n <h2 class=\"section-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Pitfalls\"><\/span>Common Pitfalls<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng \u2014 the adverb must come after the subject<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5728<rt>z\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561\u5e97<rt>k\u0101f\u0113idi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561\u5e97<rt>k\u0101f\u0113idi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8cb7<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e70<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5728<rt>z\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561\u5e97<rt>k\u0101f\u0113idi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561\u5e97<rt>k\u0101f\u0113idi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8cb7<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e70<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\">As an adverb, <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng always needs to follow the subject \u2014 it can’t lead the sentence.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng \u2014 can’t come right before \u7684<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u52a0<rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7cd6<rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ce<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5417<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u52a0<rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7cd6<rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ce<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5417<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng is an adverb and can’t precede <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><\/ruby>. <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i is a noun, so it can \u2014 swap in <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> whenever you need “the [thing] from just now.”<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng \u2014 has no negated form<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u559d<rt>h\u0113<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u559d<rt>h\u0113<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng has no negated form in standard Mandarin (though some Taiwanese speakers do say it colloquially). Use <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i for a negated statement.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng \u2014 doesn’t pair with change-of-state \u4e86<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5403<rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u98fd<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u9971<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5403<rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u98fd<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u9971<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\">The change-of-state <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><\/ruby> (marking a new state, e.g. “now full”) conflicts with <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng, which already signals a very recent, short-lived action. Use <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i instead.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i \u2014 a noun can’t modify an adjective<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u5929<rt>ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6674<rt>q\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u5929<rt>ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6674<rt>q\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i is a noun, so it can’t sit directly in front of an adjective like <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6674<\/span><\/ruby>. Use the adverb <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng instead.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i \u2014 can’t be followed by a duration<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8d70<rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e09\u5929<rt>s\u0101nti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8d70<rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e09\u5929<rt>s\u0101nti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i can’t be followed by a length of time like <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09\u5929<\/span><\/ruby>. Use <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng, which pairs naturally with durations.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"compare-section\" id=\"compare\">\n <div class=\"section-kicker\">05 \u00b7 At a Glance<\/div>\n <h2 class=\"section-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quick_Comparison\"><\/span>Quick Comparison<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr><th>Word<\/th><th>Part of Speech<\/th><th>Time Frame<\/th><th>Key Restrictions<\/th><\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"compare-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby><span class=\"py\">g\u0101ng<\/span><\/td>\n <td>Adverb<\/td>\n <td>Longest of the three; past, present, or future<\/td>\n <td>No negation, no \u4e862 (change-of-state), can’t precede \u7684<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"compare-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><span class=\"py\">g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/span><\/td>\n <td>Noun (time word)<\/td>\n <td>Very short time ago — minutes or seconds<\/td>\n <td>Can’t modify an adjective, can’t take a duration<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"compare-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby><span class=\"py\">g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/span><\/td>\n <td>Adverb<\/td>\n <td>Covers both <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> and <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><\/td>\n <td>The safe default when unsure which to use<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"quiz-section\" id=\"quiz\">\n <div class=\"section-kicker\">06 \u00b7 Practice<\/div>\n <h2 class=\"section-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practice_Quiz\"><\/span>Practice Quiz<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-wrapper\" id=\"quizApp\">\n <div class=\"quiz-header\" id=\"quizHeaderInfo\">\n <span>PRACTICE QUIZ<\/span>\n <span id=\"quizCounter\">Question 1 of 10<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-progress-bar\" id=\"quizProgressBarWrap\">\n <div class=\"quiz-progress-fill\" id=\"quizProgressFill\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card active\" data-correct=\"gangcai\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">The coffee we just had, did it have sugar in it?<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u52a0<rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7cd6<rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ce<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5417<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">I just arrived at the office; give me a minute.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby>\u5230<rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4<rt>b\u00e0ng\u014dngsh\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u529e\u516c\u5ba4<rt>b\u00e0ng\u014dngsh\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7d66<rt>g\u011bi<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7ed9<rt>g\u011bi<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00\u5206\u9418<rt>y\u00ecf\u0113nzh\u014dng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00\u5206\u949f<rt>y\u00ecf\u0113nzh\u014dng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gangcai\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">Where did you go a moment ago?<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u53bb<rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u54ea\u88e1<rt>n\u01cel\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u54ea\u91cc<rt>n\u01cel\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">The sky just turned clear.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u5929<rt>ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby>\u6674<rt>q\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gangcai\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">I didn’t drink coffee just now.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u559d<rt>h\u0113<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">He left only three days ago.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby>\u8d70<rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e09\u5929<rt>s\u0101nti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"ganggang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">He just decided to quit smoking.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c7a\u5b9a<rt>ju\u00e9d\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u51b3\u5b9a<rt>ju\u00e9d\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6212<rt>ji\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6212<rt>ji\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u83f8<rt>y\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u70df<rt>y\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"ganggang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">You didn’t just start work \u2014 why are you already asking for a raise?<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d\u662f<rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d\u662f<rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u958b\u59cb<rt>k\u0101ish\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5f00\u59cb<rt>k\u0101ish\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5de5\u4f5c<rt>g\u014dngzu\u00f2<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u73fe\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u73b0\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5c31<rt>ji\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8981<rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u52a0\u85aa<rt>ji\u0101x\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u52a0\u85aa<rt>ji\u0101x\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">I just bought a new bag.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8cb7<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e70<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00\u500b<rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00\u4e2a<rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u65b0<rt>x\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5305\u5305<rt>b\u0101ob\u0101o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5305\u5305<rt>b\u0101ob\u0101o<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"ganggang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">What you just said was a bit excessive.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8aaa<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bf4<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8a71<rt>hu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bdd<rt>hu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6709\u9ede<rt>y\u01d2udi\u01cen<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6709\u70b9<rt>y\u01d2udi\u01cen<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u904e\u5206<rt>gu\u00f2f\u00e8n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fc7\u5206<rt>gu\u00f2f\u00e8n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-done\" id=\"quizDoneScreen\">\n <div class=\"section-kicker\">Complete<\/div>\n <div class=\"score-big\" id=\"finalScoreText\">0 \/ 10<\/div>\n <p style=\"color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:14px;margin:0 0 16px;\">questions answered correctly<\/p>\n <button class=\"quiz-restart\" onclick=\"restartQuiz()\">Try Again<\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-nav\" id=\"quizNavButtons\">\n <button class=\"quiz-nav-btn\" id=\"quizPrevBtn\" onclick=\"changeQuizCard(-1)\" disabled>← Prev<\/button>\n <button class=\"quiz-nav-btn\" id=\"quizNextBtn\" onclick=\"changeQuizCard(1)\" disabled>Next →<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <div class=\"back-link\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/synonym\/\" aria-label=\"Back to synonyms list\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png\" alt=\"Back to synonyms list\">\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"support\">\n Enjoyed this post? <a href=\"https:\/\/ko-fi.com\/tiffanystalk\">Buy me a coffee \u2615<\/a> so I can keep writing more of these.\n <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n const quizExplanations = [`<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i is a noun, so it can precede \u7684 \u2014 <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng cannot.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng sits right after the subject, before the verb \u2014 the standard adverb pattern.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i, a time noun, can open the sentence before the subject.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng, the adverb, can sit directly before an adjective like \u6674 \u2014 a noun like <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> cannot.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i can be negated with \u6c92 \u2014 <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng has no negated form in standard Mandarin.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng pairs naturally with a following duration like \u4e09\u5929 \u2014 <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i cannot.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng is the safe, natural choice for announcing a recent decision \u2014 it covers both <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> and <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby>.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng fits this “you didn't just” rhetorical pattern naturally.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng + verb + \u4e86 (marking a completed action, not a change of state) is the standard pattern.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng before \u8aaa\u7684\u8a71 is the natural, common phrasing for “what you just said.”`];\n\n let currentQuizIndex = 0;\n let score = 0;\n let answeredQuestions = new Array(10).fill(false);\n\n const quizCards = document.querySelectorAll('.quiz-card');\n const totalQuizCards = quizCards.length;\n const doneScreen = document.getElementById('quizDoneScreen');\n const navButtons = document.getElementById('quizNavButtons');\n const headerInfo = document.getElementById('quizHeaderInfo');\n const progressBarWrap = document.getElementById('quizProgressBarWrap');\n\n function updateQuizUI() {\n if (currentQuizIndex >= totalQuizCards) {\n quizCards.forEach(card => card.classList.remove('active'));\n doneScreen.classList.add('active');\n navButtons.style.display = 'none';\n headerInfo.style.display = 'none';\n progressBarWrap.style.display = 'none';\n document.getElementById('finalScoreText').textContent = `${score} \/ ${totalQuizCards}`;\n return;\n }\n\n doneScreen.classList.remove('active');\n navButtons.style.display = 'flex';\n headerInfo.style.display = 'flex';\n progressBarWrap.style.display = 'block';\n\n quizCards.forEach((card, idx) => {\n card.classList.toggle('active', idx === currentQuizIndex);\n });\n\n document.getElementById('quizCounter').textContent = `Question ${currentQuizIndex + 1} of ${totalQuizCards}`;\n document.getElementById('quizProgressFill').style.width = `${((currentQuizIndex + 1) \/ totalQuizCards) * 100}%`;\n document.getElementById('quizPrevBtn').disabled = currentQuizIndex === 0;\n\n const nextBtn = document.getElementById('quizNextBtn');\n if (answeredQuestions[currentQuizIndex]) {\n nextBtn.disabled = false;\n nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuizIndex === totalQuizCards - 1) ? 'Finish \u2192' : 'Next \u2192';\n } else {\n nextBtn.disabled = true;\n nextBtn.textContent = 'Next \u2192';\n }\n }\n\n function changeQuizCard(direction) {\n currentQuizIndex += direction;\n updateQuizUI();\n }\n\n function checkQuizAnswer(btn, selected) {\n const card = btn.closest('.quiz-card');\n const correct = card.getAttribute('data-correct');\n const buttons = card.querySelectorAll('.quiz-opt-btn');\n const feedback = card.querySelector('.quiz-feedback');\n\n buttons.forEach(b => b.disabled = true);\n\n if (!answeredQuestions[currentQuizIndex]) {\n answeredQuestions[currentQuizIndex] = true;\n if (selected === correct) {\n score++;\n btn.classList.add('correct');\n feedback.className = 'quiz-feedback correct-bg';\n feedback.innerHTML = `\u2705 <strong>Correct!<\/strong> ` + quizExplanations[currentQuizIndex];\n } else {\n btn.classList.add('wrong');\n feedback.className = 'quiz-feedback wrong-bg';\n feedback.innerHTML = `\u274c <strong>Incorrect.<\/strong> ` + quizExplanations[currentQuizIndex];\n }\n }\n\n document.getElementById('quizNextBtn').disabled = false;\n }\n\n function restartQuiz() {\n currentQuizIndex = 0;\n score = 0;\n answeredQuestions.fill(false);\n\n quizCards.forEach(card => {\n const buttons = card.querySelectorAll('.quiz-opt-btn');\n buttons.forEach(b => {\n b.disabled = false;\n b.classList.remove('correct', 'wrong');\n });\n const feedback = card.querySelector('.quiz-feedback');\n feedback.style.display = 'none';\n feedback.className = 'quiz-feedback';\n });\n\n updateQuizUI();\n }\n\n updateQuizUI();\n<\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u525b \u00b7 \u525b\u624d \u00b7 \u525b\u525b \u2014 \u8fd1\u7fa9\u8a5e\u8fa8\u6790 Similar words \u525b\u521a g\u0101ng \u00b7 \u525b\u624d\u521a\u624d g\u0101ngc\u00e1i \u00b7 \u525b\u525b\u521a\u521a g\u0101ngg\u0101ng Three ways to say “just” in Mandarin — and the grammar that tells them apart. The words \u525b\u521a g\u0101ng, \u525b\u525b\u521a\u521a g\u0101ngg\u0101ng, and \u525b\u624d\u521a\u624d g\u0101ngc\u00e1i are all used to indicate an action that has just happened a short while…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[14],"tags":[421,423,424],"class_list":["post-7062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk3","tag--gang","tag--ganggang-2","tag--gangcai"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Synonym\u00a0of Just in Chinese - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The words \u201c\u521a g\u0101ng\u201d, \u201c\u521a\u521a g\u0101ngg\u0101ng\u201d and \u201c\u521a\u624d g\u0101ngc\u00e1i\u201d are used to indicate an action that has just happened a short while ago.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/04\/25\/synonym-just\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Synonym\u00a0of Just in Chinese - OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The words \u201c\u521a g\u0101ng\u201d, \u201c\u521a\u521a g\u0101ngg\u0101ng\u201d and \u201c\u521a\u624d g\u0101ngc\u00e1i\u201d are used to indicate an action that has just happened a short while ago.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/04\/25\/synonym-just\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-25T11:53:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-04T06:33:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiffany\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiffany\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/25\\\/synonym-just\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/25\\\/synonym-just\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiffany\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\"},\"headline\":\"Synonym\u00a0of Just in Chinese\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-25T11:53:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-04T06:33:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/25\\\/synonym-just\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1791,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/25\\\/synonym-just\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/e68f92e59c963.png\",\"keywords\":[\"\u521a g\u0101ng\",\"\u521a\u521a g\u0101ngg\u0101ng\",\"\u521a\u624d g\u0101ngc\u00e1i\"],\"articleSection\":[\"HSK 3\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/25\\\/synonym-just\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/25\\\/synonym-just\\\/\",\"name\":\"Synonym\u00a0of Just in Chinese - 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background: var(--bg);\n border-radius: 3px;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: border-color .15s, background .15s;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;\n color: var(--ink);\n }\n .quiz-opt-btn ruby { ruby-position: over; margin: 0 1px; }\n .quiz-opt-btn rt { font-family: 'Inter', 'Noto Sans TC', sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 10px; color: var(--ink-soft); }\n .quiz-opt-btn:hover { border-color: var(--bronze); background: var(--gold-tint); }\n .quiz-opt-btn.correct { border-color: var(--right); background: #EEF5EE !important; color: var(--right) !important; }\n .quiz-opt-btn.wrong { border-color: var(--wrong); background: #FBEEEC !important; color: var(--wrong) !important; }\n .quiz-opt-btn:disabled { cursor: default; }\n .quiz-feedback {\n display: none; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 3px;\n font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 16px;\n }\n .quiz-feedback.correct-bg { display: block; background: #EEF5EE; color: var(--right); border: 1px solid #c8e6c9; }\n .quiz-feedback.wrong-bg { display: block; background: #FBEEEC; color: var(--wrong); border: 1px solid #ffcdd2; }\n .quiz-nav {\n display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;\n border-top: 1px solid var(--border-soft); padding-top: 18px;\n }\n .quiz-nav-btn {\n font-family: \"Inter\", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600;\n background: var(--bronze); color: #fff; border: none; padding: 9px 18px; border-radius: 20px;\n cursor: pointer; transition: opacity .15s;\n }\n .quiz-nav-btn:disabled { opacity: 0.3; cursor: not-allowed; }\n .quiz-done { text-align: center; padding: 20px 0; display: none; }\n .quiz-done.active { display: block; }\n .quiz-done .score-big { font-family: \"Fraunces\", serif; font-size: 44px; color: var(--bronze-deep); margin: 10px 0 5px; }\n .quiz-restart {\n margin-top: 20px; font-family: \"Inter\", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600;\n background: transparent; color: var(--bronze); border: 1px solid var(--bronze); padding: 9px 20px; border-radius: 20px; cursor: pointer;\n transition: background 0.15s, color 0.15s;\n }\n .quiz-restart:hover { background: var(--bronze); color: #fff; }\n .back-link{text-align:center;margin-top:120px;}\n .back-link img{width:25%;height:auto;display:inline-block;transition:opacity .15s;}\n .back-link a:hover img{opacity:.75;}\n .support{\n margin-top:60px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--border);\n text-align:center;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--ink-faint);\n }\n .support a{color:var(--bronze-deep);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--gold);}\n @media (max-width:560px){\n .page{padding:32px 5px 60px;}\n .word-card, .mistake-block, .quiz-wrapper, .toc{\n padding-left: 12px;\n padding-right: 12px;\n margin-left: 5px;\n margin-right: 5px;\n }\n .toc ol{columns:1;}\n .card-head{gap:12px;}\n .cn-sentence{font-size:17px;}\n .back-link img { width: 50%; }\n .quiz-restart { width: 50%; }\n }\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body class=\"mode-tw pinyin-visible\">\n<div class=\"page\">\n\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <div class=\"eyebrow\">Similar words<\/div>\n <h1 class=\"title\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng <span class=\"dot\"> \u00b7 <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i <span class=\"dot\"> \u00b7 <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/h1>\n <p class=\"subtitle\">Three ways to say “just” in Mandarin — and the grammar that tells them apart.<\/p>\n <p class=\"intro\">The words <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng, <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng, and <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i are all used to indicate an action that has just happened a short while ago. However, there are some subtle differences in their meanings and usage.<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <nav class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"Table of contents\">\n <div class=\"toc-title\">On this page<\/div>\n <ol>\n <li><a href=\"#gang\"><span class=\"toc-num\">01<\/span>\u525b g\u0101ng \u2014 Adverb<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#gangcai\"><span class=\"toc-num\">02<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<\/span> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i \u2014 Time Noun<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#ganggang\"><span class=\"toc-num\">03<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<\/span> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng \u2014 The Safe Default<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#mistakes\"><span class=\"toc-num\">04<\/span>Common Pitfalls<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#compare\"><span class=\"toc-num\">05<\/span>Quick Comparison<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#quiz\"><span class=\"toc-num\">06<\/span>Practice Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/nav>\n\n \n <section class=\"word-card\" id=\"gang\">\n <div class=\"card-head\">\n <div class=\"seal\">\u4e00<\/div>\n <div>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%89%9B%E5%88%9A_gang\"><\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <span class=\"pos-tag\">Adverb<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"card-body\">\n <p>It is an adverb that can only be used <b>before a verb or adjective and after a subject<\/b>. It emphasizes that an action has just happened or that something is just about to happen, and it covers the longest period of time among the three “just” expressions.<\/p>\n <p>The funny thing is <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng can be used to indicate an event that occurred in the past, present, or even future. The concept is more focused on the time frame — a short period of time — rather than the tense.<\/p>\n <span class=\"struct-line\"><span class=\"punct\">Subject + <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\"> + Verb \/ Adjective<\/span><\/span>\n <div class=\"ex-list\">\n <div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6628\u5929<rt>zu\u00f3ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5230<rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5317\u4eac<rt>B\u011bij\u012bng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5317\u4eac<rt>B\u011bij\u012bng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">He just arrived in Beijing yesterday. (Past)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u51fa\u9580<rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u51fa\u95e8<rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I just went out. (Present)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5230<rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5b78\u6821<rt>xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5b66\u6821<rt>xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6642\u5019<rt>sh\u00edh\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u65f6\u5019<rt>sh\u00edh\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e00\u5b9a<rt>y\u00edd\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8981<rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8ddf<rt>g\u0113n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8001\u5e2b<rt>l\u01ceosh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8001\u5e08<rt>l\u01ceosh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6253\u62db\u547c<rt>d\u01cezh\u0101oh\u016b<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">You must say hello to the teacher when you just (first) arrive at school. (Future)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u53bb<rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u898b<rt>ji\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u89c1<rt>ji\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8ab0<rt>sh\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8c01<rt>sh\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">Who did you just go see?<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u5929<rt>ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6674<rt>q\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">The weather just cleared up.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8cb7<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e70<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u65b0<rt>x\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u624b\u6a5f<rt>sh\u01d2uj\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u624b\u673a<rt>sh\u01d2uj\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I just bought a new cellphone.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u5979\u7684<rt>t\u0101de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u72d7<rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6b7b<rt>s\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u73fe\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u73b0\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5979<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5fc3\u60c5<rt>x\u012bnq\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u53bb<rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u591c\u5e97<rt>y\u00e8di\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">Her dog just died, so she’s not in the mood to go to the nightclub now.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8d70<rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e09\u5929<rt>s\u0101nti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">He left only three days ago.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"word-card\" id=\"gangcai\">\n <div class=\"card-head\">\n <div class=\"seal\">\u4e8c<\/div>\n <div>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%89%9B%E6%89%8D%E5%88%9A%E6%89%8D_gangcai\"><\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <span class=\"pos-tag\">Noun \u00b7 Time Word<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"card-body\">\n <p>It is a time word (noun) that can be placed either before or after the subject. <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i refers to something that happened a very short time ago, typically within the last few minutes or seconds — a shorter span than <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng. Since it’s a noun, <b>do not place it before an adjective<\/b>.<\/p>\n <span class=\"struct-line\"><span class=\"punct\">(Subject +) <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\"> (+ Subject) + Verb Phrase<\/span><\/span>\n <div class=\"ex-list\">\n <div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6709<rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4f60\u7684<rt>n\u01d0de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u96fb\u8a71<rt>di\u00e0nhu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7535\u8bdd<rt>di\u00e0nhu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby>\u53ef\u662f<rt>k\u011bsh\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d\u5728<rt>b\u00faz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d\u5728<rt>b\u00faz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I had a call from you just now, but you weren’t there.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5403<rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u98fd<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u9971<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I just finished eating.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8cb7<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e70<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb<rt>b\u012bngq\u00edl\u00edn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb<rt>b\u012bngq\u00edl\u00edn<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby>\u5feb<rt>ku\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4f86<rt>l\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6765<rt>l\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5403<rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I bought ice cream just now, come and have some!<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u53bb<rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u54ea\u88e1<rt>n\u01cel\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u54ea\u91cc<rt>n\u01cel\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">Where did you go just now?<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u52a0<rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7cd6<rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ce<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5417<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">The coffee we had earlier had sugar in it?<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e0d<rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8aaa<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bf4<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">Why didn’t you say anything a moment ago?<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u559d<rt>h\u0113<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I didn’t drink coffee just now.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"word-card\" id=\"ganggang\">\n <div class=\"card-head\">\n <div class=\"seal\">\u4e09<\/div>\n <div>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%89%9B%E5%89%9B%E5%88%9A%E5%88%9A_ganggang\"><\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <span class=\"pos-tag\">Adverb \u00b7 The Safe Default<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"card-body\">\n <p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng can be used to express both <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng and <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i. If you’re not sure which of the other two to use, you can always reach for <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng instead.<\/p>\n <span class=\"struct-line\"><span class=\"punct\">Subject + <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\"> + Verb Phrase<\/span><\/span>\n <div class=\"ex-list\">\n <div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c7a\u5b9a<rt>ju\u00e9d\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u51b3\u5b9a<rt>ju\u00e9d\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u653e\u68c4<rt>f\u00e0ngq\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u653e\u5f03<rt>f\u00e0ngq\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5b78<rt>xu\u00e9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5b66<rt>xu\u00e9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e2d\u6587<rt>zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e2d\u6587<rt>zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">He just decided to give up learning Chinese.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d\u662f<rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d\u662f<rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5230<rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e2d\u570b<rt>Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e2d\u56fd<rt>Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5230<rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u73fe\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u73b0\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00\u500b<rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00\u4e2a<rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u670b\u53cb<rt>p\u00e9ngy\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u670b\u53cb<rt>p\u00e9ngyou<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e5f<rt>y\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92\u6709<rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1\u6709<rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">You didn’t just arrive in China. Why haven’t you made any friends yet?<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8aaa<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bf4<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8a71<rt>hu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bdd<rt>hu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6709\u9ede<rt>y\u01d2udi\u01cen<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6709\u70b9<rt>y\u01d2udi\u01cen<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u904e\u5206<rt>gu\u00f2f\u00e8n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fc7\u5206<rt>gu\u00f2f\u00e8n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">What you just said was a bit over the line.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<div class=\"ex\">\n <div class=\"ex-cn\"><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u770b\u5230<rt>k\u00e0nd\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u597d\u50cf<rt>h\u01ceoxi\u00e0ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5f88<rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7d2f<rt>l\u00e8i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"ex-en\">I just saw him \u2014 he seems really tired.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"mistakes-section\" id=\"mistakes\">\n <div class=\"section-kicker\">04 \u00b7 Watch Out<\/div>\n <h2 class=\"section-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Pitfalls\"><\/span>Common Pitfalls<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng \u2014 the adverb must come after the subject<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5728<rt>z\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561\u5e97<rt>k\u0101f\u0113idi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561\u5e97<rt>k\u0101f\u0113idi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8cb7<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e70<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5728<rt>z\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561\u5e97<rt>k\u0101f\u0113idi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561\u5e97<rt>k\u0101f\u0113idi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8cb7<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e70<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\">As an adverb, <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng always needs to follow the subject \u2014 it can’t lead the sentence.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng \u2014 can’t come right before \u7684<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u52a0<rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7cd6<rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ce<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5417<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u52a0<rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7cd6<rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ce<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5417<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng is an adverb and can’t precede <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><\/ruby>. <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i is a noun, so it can \u2014 swap in <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> whenever you need “the [thing] from just now.”<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng \u2014 has no negated form<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u559d<rt>h\u0113<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u559d<rt>h\u0113<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng has no negated form in standard Mandarin (though some Taiwanese speakers do say it colloquially). Use <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i for a negated statement.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng \u2014 doesn’t pair with change-of-state \u4e86<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5403<rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u98fd<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u9971<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5403<rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u98fd<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u9971<rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\">The change-of-state <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><\/ruby> (marking a new state, e.g. “now full”) conflicts with <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng, which already signals a very recent, short-lived action. Use <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i instead.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i \u2014 a noun can’t modify an adjective<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u5929<rt>ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6674<rt>q\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u5929<rt>ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6674<rt>q\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i is a noun, so it can’t sit directly in front of an adjective like <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6674<\/span><\/ruby>. Use the adverb <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng instead.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"mistake-block\">\n <div class=\"mistake-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i \u2014 can’t be followed by a duration<\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark no\">\u2715<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8d70<rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e09\u5929<rt>s\u0101nti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"pair-row\"><span class=\"mark yes\">\u2713<\/span><span class=\"cn-sentence\"><ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8d70<rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e09\u5929<rt>s\u0101nti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"mistake-note\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i can’t be followed by a length of time like <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09\u5929<\/span><\/ruby>. Use <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng, which pairs naturally with durations.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"compare-section\" id=\"compare\">\n <div class=\"section-kicker\">05 \u00b7 At a Glance<\/div>\n <h2 class=\"section-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quick_Comparison\"><\/span>Quick Comparison<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr><th>Word<\/th><th>Part of Speech<\/th><th>Time Frame<\/th><th>Key Restrictions<\/th><\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"compare-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby><span class=\"py\">g\u0101ng<\/span><\/td>\n <td>Adverb<\/td>\n <td>Longest of the three; past, present, or future<\/td>\n <td>No negation, no \u4e862 (change-of-state), can’t precede \u7684<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"compare-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><span class=\"py\">g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/span><\/td>\n <td>Noun (time word)<\/td>\n <td>Very short time ago — minutes or seconds<\/td>\n <td>Can’t modify an adjective, can’t take a duration<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"compare-word\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby><span class=\"py\">g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/span><\/td>\n <td>Adverb<\/td>\n <td>Covers both <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> and <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><\/td>\n <td>The safe default when unsure which to use<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"quiz-section\" id=\"quiz\">\n <div class=\"section-kicker\">06 \u00b7 Practice<\/div>\n <h2 class=\"section-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practice_Quiz\"><\/span>Practice Quiz<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-wrapper\" id=\"quizApp\">\n <div class=\"quiz-header\" id=\"quizHeaderInfo\">\n <span>PRACTICE QUIZ<\/span>\n <span id=\"quizCounter\">Question 1 of 10<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-progress-bar\" id=\"quizProgressBarWrap\">\n <div class=\"quiz-progress-fill\" id=\"quizProgressFill\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card active\" data-correct=\"gangcai\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">The coffee we just had, did it have sugar in it?<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u52a0<rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7cd6<rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ce<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5417<rt>ma<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">I just arrived at the office; give me a minute.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby>\u5230<rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4<rt>b\u00e0ng\u014dngsh\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u529e\u516c\u5ba4<rt>b\u00e0ng\u014dngsh\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7d66<rt>g\u011bi<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7ed9<rt>g\u011bi<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00\u5206\u9418<rt>y\u00ecf\u0113nzh\u014dng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00\u5206\u949f<rt>y\u00ecf\u0113nzh\u014dng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gangcai\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">Where did you go a moment ago?<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u53bb<rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u54ea\u88e1<rt>n\u01cel\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u54ea\u91cc<rt>n\u01cel\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">The sky just turned clear.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u5929<rt>ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby>\u6674<rt>q\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gangcai\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">I didn’t drink coffee just now.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u559d<rt>h\u0113<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5496\u5561<rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">He left only three days ago.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby>\u8d70<rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e09\u5929<rt>s\u0101nti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"ganggang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">He just decided to quit smoking.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u4ed6<rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c7a\u5b9a<rt>ju\u00e9d\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u51b3\u5b9a<rt>ju\u00e9d\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6212<rt>ji\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6212<rt>ji\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u83f8<rt>y\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u70df<rt>y\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"ganggang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">You didn’t just start work \u2014 why are you already asking for a raise?<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d\u662f<rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d\u662f<rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u958b\u59cb<rt>k\u0101ish\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5f00\u59cb<rt>k\u0101ish\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5de5\u4f5c<rt>g\u014dngzu\u00f2<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff0c<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<rt>w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u73fe\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u73b0\u5728<rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5c31<rt>ji\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u8981<rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u52a0\u85aa<rt>ji\u0101x\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u52a0\u85aa<rt>ji\u0101x\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\uff1f<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"gang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">I just bought a new bag.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u6211<rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8cb7<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e70<rt>m\u01cei<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e86<rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00\u500b<rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00\u4e2a<rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u65b0<rt>x\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5305\u5305<rt>b\u0101ob\u0101o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5305\u5305<rt>b\u0101ob\u0101o<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-card\" data-correct=\"ganggang\">\n <div class=\"quiz-en\">What you just said was a bit excessive.<\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-sentence\">\n <ruby>\u4f60<rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"quiz-blank\"> <\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8aaa<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bf4<rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7684<rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8a71<rt>hu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bdd<rt>hu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6709\u9ede<rt>y\u01d2udi\u01cen<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6709\u70b9<rt>y\u01d2udi\u01cen<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u904e\u5206<rt>gu\u00f2f\u00e8n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fc7\u5206<rt>gu\u00f2f\u00e8n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"punct\">\u3002<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'ganggang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u525b<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u521a<rt>g\u0101ngg\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gangcai')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a\u624d<rt>g\u0101ngc\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n<button class=\"quiz-opt-btn\" onclick=\"checkQuizAnswer(this, 'gang')\">\n <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u525b<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u521a<rt>g\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"quiz-feedback\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-done\" id=\"quizDoneScreen\">\n <div class=\"section-kicker\">Complete<\/div>\n <div class=\"score-big\" id=\"finalScoreText\">0 \/ 10<\/div>\n <p style=\"color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:14px;margin:0 0 16px;\">questions answered correctly<\/p>\n <button class=\"quiz-restart\" onclick=\"restartQuiz()\">Try Again<\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-nav\" id=\"quizNavButtons\">\n <button class=\"quiz-nav-btn\" id=\"quizPrevBtn\" onclick=\"changeQuizCard(-1)\" disabled>← Prev<\/button>\n <button class=\"quiz-nav-btn\" id=\"quizNextBtn\" onclick=\"changeQuizCard(1)\" disabled>Next →<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <div class=\"back-link\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/synonym\/\" aria-label=\"Back to synonyms list\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png\" alt=\"Back to synonyms list\">\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"support\">\n Enjoyed this post? <a href=\"https:\/\/ko-fi.com\/tiffanystalk\">Buy me a coffee \u2615<\/a> so I can keep writing more of these.\n <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n const quizExplanations = [`<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i is a noun, so it can precede \u7684 \u2014 <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng cannot.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng sits right after the subject, before the verb \u2014 the standard adverb pattern.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i, a time noun, can open the sentence before the subject.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng, the adverb, can sit directly before an adjective like \u6674 \u2014 a noun like <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> cannot.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i can be negated with \u6c92 \u2014 <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng has no negated form in standard Mandarin.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng pairs naturally with a following duration like \u4e09\u5929 \u2014 <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngc\u00e1i cannot.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng is the safe, natural choice for announcing a recent decision \u2014 it covers both <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> and <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u624d<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u624d<\/span><\/ruby>.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng fits this “you didn't just” rhetorical pattern naturally.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ng + verb + \u4e86 (marking a completed action, not a change of state) is the standard pattern.`, `<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u525b\u525b<\/span><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u521a\u521a<\/span><\/ruby> g\u0101ngg\u0101ng before \u8aaa\u7684\u8a71 is the natural, common phrasing for “what you just said.”`];\n\n let currentQuizIndex = 0;\n let score = 0;\n let answeredQuestions = new Array(10).fill(false);\n\n const quizCards = document.querySelectorAll('.quiz-card');\n const totalQuizCards = quizCards.length;\n const doneScreen = document.getElementById('quizDoneScreen');\n const navButtons = document.getElementById('quizNavButtons');\n const headerInfo = document.getElementById('quizHeaderInfo');\n const progressBarWrap = document.getElementById('quizProgressBarWrap');\n\n function updateQuizUI() {\n if (currentQuizIndex >= totalQuizCards) {\n quizCards.forEach(card => card.classList.remove('active'));\n doneScreen.classList.add('active');\n navButtons.style.display = 'none';\n headerInfo.style.display = 'none';\n progressBarWrap.style.display = 'none';\n document.getElementById('finalScoreText').textContent = `${score} \/ ${totalQuizCards}`;\n return;\n }\n\n doneScreen.classList.remove('active');\n navButtons.style.display = 'flex';\n headerInfo.style.display = 'flex';\n progressBarWrap.style.display = 'block';\n\n quizCards.forEach((card, idx) => {\n card.classList.toggle('active', idx === currentQuizIndex);\n });\n\n document.getElementById('quizCounter').textContent = `Question ${currentQuizIndex + 1} of ${totalQuizCards}`;\n document.getElementById('quizProgressFill').style.width = `${((currentQuizIndex + 1) \/ totalQuizCards) * 100}%`;\n document.getElementById('quizPrevBtn').disabled = currentQuizIndex === 0;\n\n const nextBtn = document.getElementById('quizNextBtn');\n if (answeredQuestions[currentQuizIndex]) {\n nextBtn.disabled = false;\n nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuizIndex === totalQuizCards - 1) ? 'Finish \u2192' : 'Next \u2192';\n } else {\n nextBtn.disabled = true;\n nextBtn.textContent = 'Next \u2192';\n }\n }\n\n function changeQuizCard(direction) {\n currentQuizIndex += direction;\n updateQuizUI();\n }\n\n function checkQuizAnswer(btn, selected) {\n const card = btn.closest('.quiz-card');\n const correct = card.getAttribute('data-correct');\n const buttons = card.querySelectorAll('.quiz-opt-btn');\n const feedback = card.querySelector('.quiz-feedback');\n\n buttons.forEach(b => b.disabled = true);\n\n if (!answeredQuestions[currentQuizIndex]) {\n answeredQuestions[currentQuizIndex] = true;\n if (selected === correct) {\n score++;\n btn.classList.add('correct');\n feedback.className = 'quiz-feedback correct-bg';\n feedback.innerHTML = `\u2705 <strong>Correct!<\/strong> ` + quizExplanations[currentQuizIndex];\n } else {\n btn.classList.add('wrong');\n feedback.className = 'quiz-feedback wrong-bg';\n feedback.innerHTML = `\u274c <strong>Incorrect.<\/strong> ` + quizExplanations[currentQuizIndex];\n }\n }\n\n document.getElementById('quizNextBtn').disabled = false;\n }\n\n function restartQuiz() {\n currentQuizIndex = 0;\n score = 0;\n answeredQuestions.fill(false);\n\n quizCards.forEach(card => {\n const buttons = card.querySelectorAll('.quiz-opt-btn');\n buttons.forEach(b => {\n b.disabled = false;\n b.classList.remove('correct', 'wrong');\n });\n const feedback = card.querySelector('.quiz-feedback');\n feedback.style.display = 'none';\n feedback.className = 'quiz-feedback';\n });\n\n updateQuizUI();\n }\n\n updateQuizUI();\n<\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u525b \u00b7 \u525b\u624d \u00b7 \u525b\u525b \u2014 \u8fd1\u7fa9\u8a5e\u8fa8\u6790 Similar words \u525b\u521a g\u0101ng \u00b7 \u525b\u624d\u521a\u624d g\u0101ngc\u00e1i \u00b7 \u525b\u525b\u521a\u521a g\u0101ngg\u0101ng Three ways to say “just” in Mandarin — and the grammar that tells them apart. The words \u525b\u521a g\u0101ng, \u525b\u525b\u521a\u521a g\u0101ngg\u0101ng, and \u525b\u624d\u521a\u624d g\u0101ngc\u00e1i are all used to indicate an action that has just happened a short while…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[14],"tags":[421,423,424],"class_list":["post-7062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk3","tag--gang","tag--ganggang-2","tag--gangcai"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Synonym\u00a0of Just in Chinese - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The words \u201c\u521a g\u0101ng\u201d, \u201c\u521a\u521a g\u0101ngg\u0101ng\u201d and \u201c\u521a\u624d g\u0101ngc\u00e1i\u201d are used to indicate an action that has just happened a short while ago.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/04\/25\/synonym-just\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Synonym\u00a0of Just in Chinese - 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