\u62fc\u5beb\u898f\u5247 \u62fc\u5199\u89c4\u5219 \u00b7 Spelling Rules \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,400;9..144,500;9..144,600;9..144,700&family=Noto+Serif+TC:wght@500;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n :root{\n --paper:#FFFFFF;\n --paper-dim:#F7F4EE;\n --ink:#2A2723;\n --ink-soft:#5B564C;\n --seal:#B23A2E;\n --seal-dim:#8f2e24;\n --bamboo:#4F6F52;\n --gold:#AD8A4D;\n --velar:#8f6b34;\n --line: rgba(42,39,35,0.13);\n --radius: 3px;\n }\n *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}\n body{\n margin:0;\n background:var(--paper);\n color:var(--ink);\n font-family:'Inter', sans-serif;\n }\n\n .wrap{\n position:relative;\n z-index:1;\n max-width:920px;\n margin:0 auto;\n padding:0 24px;\n background:#FFFFFF;\n background-image:\n radial-gradient(circle at 12% 4%, rgba(178,58,46,0.06), transparent 45%);\n }\n\n .wrap::before{\n content:\"\";\n position:absolute;\n inset:0;\n pointer-events:none;\n opacity:0.25;\n z-index:-1;\n background-image:\n repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(42,39,35,0.015) 0px, rgba(42,39,35,0.015) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- HERO ---------- *\/\n header.hero{\n padding:72px 0 56px;\n position:relative;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .eyebrow{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.18em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n margin-bottom:22px;\n }\n .eyebrow::before{\n content:\"\";\n width:26px; height:1px; background:var(--seal);\n }\n .hero-title{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:clamp(34px, 6.5vw, 60px);\n line-height:1.05;\n margin:0 0 8px;\n letter-spacing:-0.01em;\n }\n .hero-title .cjk{\n font-family:'Noto Serif TC', serif;\n font-weight:700;\n color:var(--seal);\n font-size:0.62em;\n vertical-align:2%;\n margin-right:18px;\n display:inline-flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n gap:10px;\n }\n .hero-title .cjk .lang-zh-CN{\n font-size:0.72em;\n color:var(--seal-dim);\n opacity:0.75;\n }\n .hero-sub{\n font-size:17px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n max-width:580px;\n line-height:1.65;\n margin:18px 0 0;\n }\n .hero-stamp{\n position:absolute;\n top:64px; right:24px;\n width:88px; height:88px;\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n transform:rotate(-6deg);\n }\n .hero-stamp svg{width:100%;height:100%;}\n\n \/* ---------- SERIES STEPPER ---------- *\/\n section.series{padding:40px 0 8px;}\n .series-eyebrow{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n letter-spacing:0.14em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n display:block;\n margin-bottom:14px;\n }\n .series-steps{\n display:grid;\n grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(170px, 1fr));\n gap:12px;\n }\n .step{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:6px;\n padding:18px 18px 16px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n transition:border-color .2s ease, background .2s ease, transform .2s ease;\n background:var(--paper);\n }\n a.step:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n transform:translateY(-1px);\n }\n .step .step-num{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:11px;\n color:var(--gold);\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n }\n .step .step-title{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:17px;\n }\n .step .step-desc{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n }\n .step.current{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.05);\n }\n .step.current .step-num{color:var(--seal);}\n .step.current .step-title{color:var(--seal);}\n\n \/* ---------- NAV ---------- *\/\n nav.rules-nav{\n position:sticky; top:0; z-index:20;\n background:rgba(255,255,255,0.92);\n backdrop-filter:blur(6px);\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n padding:14px 0;\n margin-top:32px;\n }\n nav.rules-nav .row{\n display:flex; gap:6px; flex-wrap:wrap;\n align-items:center;\n }\n nav.rules-nav a{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13px;\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n padding:6px 13px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:100px;\n transition:all .2s ease;\n white-space:nowrap;\n }\n nav.rules-nav a:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- RULE SECTIONS ---------- *\/\n main{padding:64px 0 40px;}\n section.rule-group{\n padding:52px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n scroll-margin-top:76px;\n opacity:0;\n transform:translateY(14px);\n transition:opacity .6s ease, transform .6s ease;\n }\n section.rule-group.in-view{opacity:1; transform:translateY(0);}\n section.rule-group:last-of-type{border-bottom:none;}\n\n .group-head{margin-bottom:24px;}\n .group-head .kicker{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:11.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.1em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:block;\n margin-bottom:6px;\n }\n .group-head h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:28px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0;\n letter-spacing:-0.01em;\n }\n\n .rule{\n margin-bottom:26px;\n }\n .rule:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}\n .rule-label{\n display:flex;\n align-items:flex-start;\n gap:12px;\n margin-bottom:10px;\n }\n .rule-num{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--gold);\n flex-shrink:0;\n padding-top:2px;\n }\n .rule-text{\n font-size:15.5px;\n line-height:1.7;\n color:var(--ink);\n margin:0;\n }\n .rule-text strong{color:var(--seal);}\n\n .exceptions{\n margin:10px 0 14px 26px;\n padding:12px 16px;\n background:rgba(79,111,82,0.08);\n border-left:2px solid var(--bamboo);\n font-size:13.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n line-height:1.7;\n }\n .exceptions ul{margin:6px 0 0; padding-left:18px;}\n .exceptions li{margin-bottom:3px;}\n .exceptions li:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}\n\n .example-list{\n display:flex;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:10px;\n margin:12px 0 0 26px;\n }\n .example-item{\n display:flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n gap:8px;\n background:var(--paper-dim);\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n padding:8px 13px;\n }\n .example-item .py{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--seal);\n }\n .example-item .han{\n font-family:'Noto Serif TC', serif;\n font-size:16px;\n color:var(--ink);\n display:inline-flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n gap:3px;\n }\n .example-item .gloss{\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n font-style:italic;\n }\n\n .sentence-example{\n margin:12px 0 0 26px;\n padding:12px 16px;\n background:var(--paper-dim);\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n font-size:14.5px;\n line-height:1.7;\n }\n .sentence-example .py{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-weight:600;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:block;\n }\n .sentence-example .gloss{\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n font-size:13px;\n font-style:italic;\n }\n\n \/* ---------- QUIZ ---------- *\/\n section.quiz{\n padding:56px 0 64px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-head{margin-bottom:32px;}\n .quiz-head h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:30px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 8px;\n }\n .quiz-head p{\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n max-width:560px;\n line-height:1.6;\n margin:0;\n }\n .quiz-q{\n padding:22px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-q:first-of-type{padding-top:0;}\n .quiz-question{\n font-size:16px;\n margin:0 0 14px;\n display:flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:10px;\n }\n .quiz-question .qnum{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n color:var(--gold);\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n .quiz-options{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:8px;\n }\n .quiz-options label{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n font-size:15px;\n padding:9px 12px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:border-color .15s ease, background .15s ease;\n }\n .quiz-options label .opt-py{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-weight:600;\n }\n .quiz-options label:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n }\n .quiz-options input{accent-color:var(--seal);}\n .quiz-q.graded.correct{border-left:3px solid var(--bamboo); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded.incorrect{border-left:3px solid var(--seal); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.right-answer{\n border-color:var(--bamboo);\n background:rgba(79,111,82,0.08);\n }\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.picked-wrong{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n .quiz-actions{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:16px;\n margin-top:28px;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n }\n .quiz-submit{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.04em;\n color:#F4E9DD;\n background:var(--seal);\n border:none;\n height:42px;\n padding:0 24px;\n border-radius:100px;\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:background .2s ease;\n }\n .quiz-submit:hover{background:var(--seal-dim);}\n .quiz-actions-img{\n height:42px;\n width:auto;\n display:block;\n border-radius:4px;\n }\n .quiz-result{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:14px;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- FOOTER ---------- *\/\n footer{\n padding:56px 0 72px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n margin-top:12px;\n }\n .footer-wave{\n width:100%; height:40px;\n opacity:0.5;\n }\n .footer-wave path{fill:none; stroke:var(--seal); stroke-width:1;}\n\n @media (max-width:640px){\n .wrap{padding:0 5px;}\n .series-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr;}\n header.hero{padding:52px 0 40px;}\n .hero-stamp{width:64px;height:64px; top:48px;}\n .example-list, .exceptions, .sentence-example{margin-left:0;}\n .hero-title .cjk{display:block; margin-right:0; margin-bottom:8px;}\n }\n\n @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n section.rule-group{transition:none; opacity:1; transform:none;}\n html{scroll-behavior:auto;}\n }\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <div class=\"hero-stamp\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\">\n <rect x=\"4\" y=\"4\" width=\"92\" height=\"92\" rx=\"8\" fill=\"#B23A2E\"\/>\n <rect x=\"12\" y=\"12\" width=\"76\" height=\"76\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.5)\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n <text x=\"50\" y=\"66\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"'Noto Serif TC', serif\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"46\" fill=\"#F4E9DD\">\u62fc<\/text>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"eyebrow\">OneDotDot Chinese \u00b7 Pronunciation<\/div>\n <h1 class=\"hero-title\"><span class=\"cjk\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u62fc\u5beb\u898f\u5247<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u62fc\u5199\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span>Spelling Rules<\/h1>\n <p class=\"hero-sub\">Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization system for Mandarin in mainland China. Once you know the sounds, these are the rules that govern how they’re actually written down \u2014 spacing, capitals, tone-mark placement, and the quiet substitutions like i\u2192y and \u00fc\u2192yu.<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <section class=\"series\">\n <span class=\"series-eyebrow\">Hanyu Pinyin \u00b7 a 5-part foundation<\/span>\n <div class=\"series-steps\">\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">01<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 1<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">b p m f \u00b7 d t n l \u00b7 g k h<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">02<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 2<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">j q x \u00b7 zh ch sh r \u00b7 z c s<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/hanyu-pinyin3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">03<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Simple Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">a \u00b7 o \u00b7 i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc \u00b7 e<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/03\/compound-finals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">04<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Compound Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">ai\u00b7ei\u00b7ao\u00b7ou \u00b7 an\u00b7eng\u00b7ong, +more<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <span class=\"step current\" aria-current=\"page\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">05<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Spelling Rules<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">spacing \u00b7 tones \u00b7 y\/w\/yu \u00b7 erhua \u2014 you are here<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <nav class=\"rules-nav\">\n <div class=\"row\">\n <a href=\"#group-spacing\">Spacing & Capitals<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-special\">Special<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-tones\">Tones<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-iuu\">i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-r\">Ending \u201cr\u201d<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/nav>\n\n <main>\n\n \n <section class=\"rule-group\" id=\"group-spacing\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <span class=\"kicker\">Rule set 01<\/span>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spacing_capital_letters\"><\/span>Spacing & capital letters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">Words are written together, with no spaces between the syllables that make them up.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">k\u0101f\u0113i<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">coffee<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">m\u00edngti\u0101n<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u660e\u5929<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">tomorrow<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">b\u00f9h\u01ceoy\u00ecsi<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u4e0d\u597d\u610f\u601d<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">excuse me<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">The first letter of the first word in a sentence is capitalized.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"sentence-example\">\n <span class=\"py\">W\u01d2 h\u0113 k\u0101f\u0113i.<\/span>\n <span class=\"gloss\">\u6211\u559d\u5496\u5561 \u2014 I drink coffee.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"sentence-example\" style=\"margin-top:8px;\">\n <span class=\"py\">X\u012bb\u0101ny\u00e1 y\u01d2u h\u011bn du\u014d g\u01d2u.<\/span>\n <span class=\"gloss\">\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u72d7 \u2014 There are many dogs in Spain.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">Proper nouns and names are capitalized.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">R\u00ecb\u011bn<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u65e5\u672c<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">Japan<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">B\u011bij\u012bng<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u5317\u4eac<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">Beijing<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">L\u01d0 M\u00edngw\u00e9n<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u674e\u660e\u6587<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">a name<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"rule-group\" id=\"group-special\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <span class=\"kicker\">Rule set 02<\/span>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Special_substitutions\"><\/span>Special substitutions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">1<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">When a syllable has \u201cuo\u201d right after <strong>b, p, m,<\/strong> or <strong>f<\/strong>, the \u201cu\u201d is dropped \u2014 leaving \u201cbo\u201d, \u201cpo\u201d, \u201cmo\u201d, or \u201cfo\u201d.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">b\u00f3<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u4f2f<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">uncle<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">f\u00f3<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u4f5b<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">Buddha<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">m\u014d<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u6478<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">touch<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">2<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">When a syllable has \u201c\u00fc\u201d right after <strong>j, q,<\/strong> or <strong>x<\/strong>, the two dots are dropped from the spelling.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">xu\u011b<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u96ea<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">snow<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">j\u01d4<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8209<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e3e<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">lift<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">q\u00f9<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u53bb<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">go<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"rule-group\" id=\"group-tones\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <span class=\"kicker\">Rule set 03<\/span>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_the_tone_mark_goes\"><\/span>Where the tone mark goes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">1<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">For syllables with just one vowel letter, the tone mark always sits on that vowel.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">d\u00ec<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u5730<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">land<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">sh\u00f9<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6a39<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6811<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">tree<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">sh\u0101n<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u5c71<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">mountain<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">2<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">For syllables with two or three vowel letters: if the first vowel <em>isn’t<\/em> a medial (\u201ci\u201d, \u201cu\u201d, or \u201c\u00fc\u201d), the mark goes on that first vowel.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">g\u01d2u<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u72d7<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">dog<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">l\u01ceo<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u8001<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">old<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">m\u0101o<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8c93<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u732b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">cat<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">3<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">But if the first vowel <em>is<\/em> a medial, the mark moves to the second vowel instead.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">xu\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5b78<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5b66<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">learn<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">ji\u00e0o<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u53eb<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">call<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">ji\u01d4<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u9152<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">alcohol<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">4<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">If the mark lands on \u201ci\u201d, the dot above it is dropped.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">x\u012b<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u897f<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">west<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">l\u00ed<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u68a8<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">pear<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">zh\u01d0<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7d19<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7eb8<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">paper<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"rule-group\" id=\"group-iuu\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <span class=\"kicker\">Rule set 04<\/span>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9Ci%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9Cu%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9Cu%E2%80%9D_with_no_initial\"><\/span>\u201ci\u201d, \u201cu\u201d, \u201c\u00fc\u201d with no initial<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">1<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">When a syllable starts with the \u201ci\u201d sound and has no initial in front of it, \u201ci\u201d is replaced with <strong>y<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"rule-text\" style=\"margin-left:26px; font-size:14px; color:var(--ink-soft);\">i\u00e1ng \u2192 y\u00e1ng (\u7f8a, sheep) \u00b7 i\u00e0o \u2192 y\u00e0o (\u8981, want) \u00b7 i\u00f2ng \u2192 y\u00f2ng (\u7528, use)<\/p>\n <div class=\"exceptions\">\n <strong>Exceptions:<\/strong>\n <ul>\n <li>The single vowel \u201ci\u201d, and the nasals \u201cin\u201d \/ \u201cing\u201d, get a \u201cy\u201d added in front instead \u2014 becoming \u201cyi\u201d, \u201cyin\u201d, \u201cying\u201d.<\/li>\n <li>Standing alone, \u201ciu\u201d is spelled \u201cyou\u201d.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">y\u012b<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u4e00<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">one<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">y\u00ecng<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u786c<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">hard<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">y\u01d2u<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u6709<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">have<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">2<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">When a syllable starts with the \u201cu\u201d sound and has no initial in front of it, \u201cu\u201d is replaced with <strong>w<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"rule-text\" style=\"margin-left:26px; font-size:14px; color:var(--ink-soft);\">u\u01cen \u2192 w\u01cen (\u7897, bowl) \u00b7 u\u00e0i \u2192 w\u00e0i (\u5916, outside) \u00b7 u\u01ceng \u2192 w\u01ceng (\u7db2\u7f51, net)<\/p>\n <div class=\"exceptions\">\n <strong>Exceptions:<\/strong>\n <ul>\n <li>The single vowel \u201cu\u201d gets a \u201cw\u201d added in front instead \u2014 becoming \u201cwu\u201d.<\/li>\n <li>Standing alone, \u201cun\u201d is spelled \u201cwen\u201d.<\/li>\n <li>Standing alone, \u201cui\u201d is spelled \u201cwei\u201d.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">w\u0113n<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6eab<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6e29<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">warm<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">w\u00e8i<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u80c3<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">stomach<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">3<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">When a syllable starts with \u201c\u00fc\u201d, it’s replaced with <strong>yu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"rule-text\" style=\"margin-left:26px; font-size:14px; color:var(--ink-soft);\">\u01da \u2192 y\u01d4 (\u96e8, rain) \u00b7 \u01dan \u2192 y\u00fan (\u96f2\u4e91, cloud) \u00b7 \u01daan \u2192 yu\u01cen (\u9060\u8fdc, far)<\/p>\n <div class=\"exceptions\">\n <strong>Typing tip:<\/strong> on most Chinese IMEs, typing <strong>v<\/strong> is the standard way to input \u201c\u00fc\u201d.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"rule-group\" id=\"group-r\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <span class=\"kicker\">Rule set 05<\/span>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ending_%E2%80%9Cr%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_erhua\"><\/span>Ending \u201cr\u201d \u2014 erhua<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">The \u201cer\u201d sound can attach onto other finals to form a retroflex ending. When it does, just add \u201cr\u201d to the end of the syllable.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">y\u00ecdi\u01cenr<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00\u9ede\u5152<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00\u70b9\u513f<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">a little<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">f\u00e0ngu\u01cenr<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u98ef\u9928\u5152<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u996d\u9986\u513f<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">restaurant<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">hu\u0101r<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u82b1\u5152<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u82b1\u513f<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">flowers<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <\/main>\n\n <section class=\"quiz\" id=\"quiz\">\n <div class=\"quiz-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spot_the_correct_spelling_%E2%80%94_10_questions\"><\/span>Spot the correct spelling \u2014 10 questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p>Each pair has one correctly-spelled form and one that breaks a rule from this page. Pick the correct one.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <form id=\"quiz-form\">\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"kafei\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">01<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u5496\u5561\u201d (coffee)?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"kafei\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">k\u0101f\u0113i<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"ka-fei\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">k\u0101 f\u0113i<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"cap\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">02<\/span> Which correctly opens the sentence \u201c\u6211\u559d\u5496\u5561\u201d (I drink coffee)?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"cap\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">W\u01d2 h\u0113 k\u0101f\u0113i.<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"lower\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">w\u01d2 h\u0113 k\u0101f\u0113i.<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"bo\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">03<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u4f2f\u201d (uncle)?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"bo\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">b\u00f3<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"buo\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">bu\u00f3<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"ju\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">04<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u8209\/\u4e3e\u201d (lift)?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"ju\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">j\u01d4<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"jv\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">j\u01da<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"yi\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">05<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u4e00\u201d (one), with no initial in front?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"yi\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">y\u012b<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"i\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">\u012b<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"ying\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">06<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u786c\u201d (hard), with no initial in front?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"ying\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">y\u00ecng<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"ing\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">\u00ecng<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"you\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">07<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u6709\u201d (have), standing alone with no initial?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"you\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">y\u01d2u<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"iu\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">i\u01d4<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"wen\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">08<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u6eab\/\u6e29\u201d (warm), standing alone with no initial?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"wen\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">w\u0113n<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"un\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">\u016bn<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"wei\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">09<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u80c3\u201d (stomach), standing alone with no initial?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"wei\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">w\u00e8i<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"ui\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">u\u00ec<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"yu\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">10<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u96e8\u201d (rain), with no initial in front?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"yu\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">y\u01d4<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"v\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">\u01da<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-actions\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Compound-Finals.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"quiz-actions-img\">\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"quiz-submit\" 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Once you know the sounds, these are the rules that govern how they’re actually written down \u2014 spacing, capitals, tone-mark placement, and the quiet substitutions like i\u2192y and…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[308,130],"class_list":["post-4502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk1","tag-edited","tag-hanyu-pinyin"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Pinyin Spelling Rules - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization system for Mandarin Chinese in mainland China. Here are some basic rules for using Hanyu Pinyin:\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/02\/22\/pinyin-spelling-rules\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pinyin Spelling Rules - OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization system for Mandarin Chinese in mainland China. 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height:1px; background:var(--seal);\n }\n .hero-title{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:clamp(34px, 6.5vw, 60px);\n line-height:1.05;\n margin:0 0 8px;\n letter-spacing:-0.01em;\n }\n .hero-title .cjk{\n font-family:'Noto Serif TC', serif;\n font-weight:700;\n color:var(--seal);\n font-size:0.62em;\n vertical-align:2%;\n margin-right:18px;\n display:inline-flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n gap:10px;\n }\n .hero-title .cjk .lang-zh-CN{\n font-size:0.72em;\n color:var(--seal-dim);\n opacity:0.75;\n }\n .hero-sub{\n font-size:17px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n max-width:580px;\n line-height:1.65;\n margin:18px 0 0;\n }\n .hero-stamp{\n position:absolute;\n top:64px; right:24px;\n width:88px; height:88px;\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n transform:rotate(-6deg);\n }\n .hero-stamp svg{width:100%;height:100%;}\n\n \/* ---------- SERIES STEPPER ---------- *\/\n section.series{padding:40px 0 8px;}\n .series-eyebrow{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n letter-spacing:0.14em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n display:block;\n margin-bottom:14px;\n }\n .series-steps{\n display:grid;\n grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(170px, 1fr));\n gap:12px;\n }\n .step{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:6px;\n padding:18px 18px 16px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n transition:border-color .2s ease, background .2s ease, transform .2s ease;\n background:var(--paper);\n }\n a.step:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n transform:translateY(-1px);\n }\n .step .step-num{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:11px;\n color:var(--gold);\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n }\n .step .step-title{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:17px;\n }\n .step .step-desc{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n }\n .step.current{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.05);\n }\n .step.current .step-num{color:var(--seal);}\n .step.current .step-title{color:var(--seal);}\n\n \/* ---------- NAV ---------- *\/\n nav.rules-nav{\n position:sticky; top:0; z-index:20;\n background:rgba(255,255,255,0.92);\n backdrop-filter:blur(6px);\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n padding:14px 0;\n margin-top:32px;\n }\n nav.rules-nav .row{\n display:flex; gap:6px; flex-wrap:wrap;\n align-items:center;\n }\n nav.rules-nav a{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13px;\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n padding:6px 13px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:100px;\n transition:all .2s ease;\n white-space:nowrap;\n }\n nav.rules-nav a:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- RULE SECTIONS ---------- *\/\n main{padding:64px 0 40px;}\n section.rule-group{\n padding:52px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n scroll-margin-top:76px;\n opacity:0;\n transform:translateY(14px);\n transition:opacity .6s ease, transform .6s ease;\n }\n section.rule-group.in-view{opacity:1; transform:translateY(0);}\n section.rule-group:last-of-type{border-bottom:none;}\n\n .group-head{margin-bottom:24px;}\n .group-head .kicker{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:11.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.1em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:block;\n margin-bottom:6px;\n }\n .group-head h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:28px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0;\n letter-spacing:-0.01em;\n }\n\n .rule{\n margin-bottom:26px;\n }\n .rule:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}\n .rule-label{\n display:flex;\n align-items:flex-start;\n gap:12px;\n margin-bottom:10px;\n }\n .rule-num{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--gold);\n flex-shrink:0;\n padding-top:2px;\n }\n .rule-text{\n font-size:15.5px;\n line-height:1.7;\n color:var(--ink);\n margin:0;\n }\n .rule-text strong{color:var(--seal);}\n\n .exceptions{\n margin:10px 0 14px 26px;\n padding:12px 16px;\n background:rgba(79,111,82,0.08);\n border-left:2px solid var(--bamboo);\n font-size:13.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n line-height:1.7;\n }\n .exceptions ul{margin:6px 0 0; padding-left:18px;}\n .exceptions li{margin-bottom:3px;}\n .exceptions li:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}\n\n .example-list{\n display:flex;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:10px;\n margin:12px 0 0 26px;\n }\n .example-item{\n display:flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n gap:8px;\n background:var(--paper-dim);\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n padding:8px 13px;\n }\n .example-item .py{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--seal);\n }\n .example-item .han{\n font-family:'Noto Serif TC', serif;\n font-size:16px;\n color:var(--ink);\n display:inline-flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n gap:3px;\n }\n .example-item .gloss{\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n font-style:italic;\n }\n\n .sentence-example{\n margin:12px 0 0 26px;\n padding:12px 16px;\n background:var(--paper-dim);\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n font-size:14.5px;\n line-height:1.7;\n }\n .sentence-example .py{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-weight:600;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:block;\n }\n .sentence-example .gloss{\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n font-size:13px;\n font-style:italic;\n }\n\n \/* ---------- QUIZ ---------- *\/\n section.quiz{\n padding:56px 0 64px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-head{margin-bottom:32px;}\n .quiz-head h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:30px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 8px;\n }\n .quiz-head p{\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n max-width:560px;\n line-height:1.6;\n margin:0;\n }\n .quiz-q{\n padding:22px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-q:first-of-type{padding-top:0;}\n .quiz-question{\n font-size:16px;\n margin:0 0 14px;\n display:flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:10px;\n }\n .quiz-question .qnum{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n color:var(--gold);\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n .quiz-options{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:8px;\n }\n .quiz-options label{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n font-size:15px;\n padding:9px 12px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:border-color .15s ease, background .15s ease;\n }\n .quiz-options label .opt-py{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-weight:600;\n }\n .quiz-options label:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n }\n .quiz-options input{accent-color:var(--seal);}\n .quiz-q.graded.correct{border-left:3px solid var(--bamboo); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded.incorrect{border-left:3px solid var(--seal); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.right-answer{\n border-color:var(--bamboo);\n background:rgba(79,111,82,0.08);\n }\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.picked-wrong{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n .quiz-actions{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:16px;\n margin-top:28px;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n }\n .quiz-submit{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.04em;\n color:#F4E9DD;\n background:var(--seal);\n border:none;\n height:42px;\n padding:0 24px;\n border-radius:100px;\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:background .2s ease;\n }\n .quiz-submit:hover{background:var(--seal-dim);}\n .quiz-actions-img{\n height:42px;\n width:auto;\n display:block;\n border-radius:4px;\n }\n .quiz-result{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:14px;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- FOOTER ---------- *\/\n footer{\n padding:56px 0 72px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n margin-top:12px;\n }\n .footer-wave{\n width:100%; height:40px;\n opacity:0.5;\n }\n .footer-wave path{fill:none; stroke:var(--seal); stroke-width:1;}\n\n @media (max-width:640px){\n .wrap{padding:0 5px;}\n .series-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr;}\n header.hero{padding:52px 0 40px;}\n .hero-stamp{width:64px;height:64px; top:48px;}\n .example-list, .exceptions, .sentence-example{margin-left:0;}\n .hero-title .cjk{display:block; margin-right:0; margin-bottom:8px;}\n }\n\n @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n section.rule-group{transition:none; opacity:1; transform:none;}\n html{scroll-behavior:auto;}\n }\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <div class=\"hero-stamp\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\">\n <rect x=\"4\" y=\"4\" width=\"92\" height=\"92\" rx=\"8\" fill=\"#B23A2E\"\/>\n <rect x=\"12\" y=\"12\" width=\"76\" height=\"76\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.5)\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>\n <text x=\"50\" y=\"66\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"'Noto Serif TC', serif\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"46\" fill=\"#F4E9DD\">\u62fc<\/text>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"eyebrow\">OneDotDot Chinese \u00b7 Pronunciation<\/div>\n <h1 class=\"hero-title\"><span class=\"cjk\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u62fc\u5beb\u898f\u5247<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u62fc\u5199\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span>Spelling Rules<\/h1>\n <p class=\"hero-sub\">Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization system for Mandarin in mainland China. Once you know the sounds, these are the rules that govern how they’re actually written down \u2014 spacing, capitals, tone-mark placement, and the quiet substitutions like i\u2192y and \u00fc\u2192yu.<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <section class=\"series\">\n <span class=\"series-eyebrow\">Hanyu Pinyin \u00b7 a 5-part foundation<\/span>\n <div class=\"series-steps\">\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">01<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 1<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">b p m f \u00b7 d t n l \u00b7 g k h<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">02<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 2<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">j q x \u00b7 zh ch sh r \u00b7 z c s<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/hanyu-pinyin3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">03<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Simple Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">a \u00b7 o \u00b7 i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc \u00b7 e<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/03\/compound-finals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">04<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Compound Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">ai\u00b7ei\u00b7ao\u00b7ou \u00b7 an\u00b7eng\u00b7ong, +more<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <span class=\"step current\" aria-current=\"page\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">05<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Spelling Rules<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">spacing \u00b7 tones \u00b7 y\/w\/yu \u00b7 erhua \u2014 you are here<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <nav class=\"rules-nav\">\n <div class=\"row\">\n <a href=\"#group-spacing\">Spacing & Capitals<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-special\">Special<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-tones\">Tones<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-iuu\">i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-r\">Ending \u201cr\u201d<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/nav>\n\n <main>\n\n \n <section class=\"rule-group\" id=\"group-spacing\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <span class=\"kicker\">Rule set 01<\/span>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spacing_capital_letters\"><\/span>Spacing & capital letters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">Words are written together, with no spaces between the syllables that make them up.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">k\u0101f\u0113i<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">coffee<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">m\u00edngti\u0101n<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u660e\u5929<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">tomorrow<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">b\u00f9h\u01ceoy\u00ecsi<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u4e0d\u597d\u610f\u601d<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">excuse me<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">The first letter of the first word in a sentence is capitalized.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"sentence-example\">\n <span class=\"py\">W\u01d2 h\u0113 k\u0101f\u0113i.<\/span>\n <span class=\"gloss\">\u6211\u559d\u5496\u5561 \u2014 I drink coffee.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"sentence-example\" style=\"margin-top:8px;\">\n <span class=\"py\">X\u012bb\u0101ny\u00e1 y\u01d2u h\u011bn du\u014d g\u01d2u.<\/span>\n <span class=\"gloss\">\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u72d7 \u2014 There are many dogs in Spain.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">Proper nouns and names are capitalized.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">R\u00ecb\u011bn<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u65e5\u672c<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">Japan<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">B\u011bij\u012bng<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u5317\u4eac<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">Beijing<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">L\u01d0 M\u00edngw\u00e9n<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u674e\u660e\u6587<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">a name<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"rule-group\" id=\"group-special\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <span class=\"kicker\">Rule set 02<\/span>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Special_substitutions\"><\/span>Special substitutions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">1<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">When a syllable has \u201cuo\u201d right after <strong>b, p, m,<\/strong> or <strong>f<\/strong>, the \u201cu\u201d is dropped \u2014 leaving \u201cbo\u201d, \u201cpo\u201d, \u201cmo\u201d, or \u201cfo\u201d.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">b\u00f3<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u4f2f<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">uncle<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">f\u00f3<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u4f5b<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">Buddha<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">m\u014d<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u6478<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">touch<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">2<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">When a syllable has \u201c\u00fc\u201d right after <strong>j, q,<\/strong> or <strong>x<\/strong>, the two dots are dropped from the spelling.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">xu\u011b<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u96ea<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">snow<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">j\u01d4<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8209<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e3e<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">lift<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">q\u00f9<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u53bb<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">go<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"rule-group\" id=\"group-tones\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <span class=\"kicker\">Rule set 03<\/span>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_the_tone_mark_goes\"><\/span>Where the tone mark goes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">1<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">For syllables with just one vowel letter, the tone mark always sits on that vowel.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">d\u00ec<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u5730<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">land<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">sh\u00f9<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6a39<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6811<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">tree<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">sh\u0101n<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u5c71<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">mountain<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">2<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">For syllables with two or three vowel letters: if the first vowel <em>isn’t<\/em> a medial (\u201ci\u201d, \u201cu\u201d, or \u201c\u00fc\u201d), the mark goes on that first vowel.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">g\u01d2u<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u72d7<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">dog<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">l\u01ceo<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u8001<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">old<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">m\u0101o<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8c93<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u732b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">cat<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">3<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">But if the first vowel <em>is<\/em> a medial, the mark moves to the second vowel instead.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">xu\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5b78<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5b66<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">learn<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">ji\u00e0o<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u53eb<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">call<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">ji\u01d4<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u9152<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">alcohol<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">4<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">If the mark lands on \u201ci\u201d, the dot above it is dropped.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">x\u012b<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u897f<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">west<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">l\u00ed<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u68a8<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">pear<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">zh\u01d0<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7d19<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7eb8<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">paper<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"rule-group\" id=\"group-iuu\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <span class=\"kicker\">Rule set 04<\/span>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9Ci%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9Cu%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9Cu%E2%80%9D_with_no_initial\"><\/span>\u201ci\u201d, \u201cu\u201d, \u201c\u00fc\u201d with no initial<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">1<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">When a syllable starts with the \u201ci\u201d sound and has no initial in front of it, \u201ci\u201d is replaced with <strong>y<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"rule-text\" style=\"margin-left:26px; font-size:14px; color:var(--ink-soft);\">i\u00e1ng \u2192 y\u00e1ng (\u7f8a, sheep) \u00b7 i\u00e0o \u2192 y\u00e0o (\u8981, want) \u00b7 i\u00f2ng \u2192 y\u00f2ng (\u7528, use)<\/p>\n <div class=\"exceptions\">\n <strong>Exceptions:<\/strong>\n <ul>\n <li>The single vowel \u201ci\u201d, and the nasals \u201cin\u201d \/ \u201cing\u201d, get a \u201cy\u201d added in front instead \u2014 becoming \u201cyi\u201d, \u201cyin\u201d, \u201cying\u201d.<\/li>\n <li>Standing alone, \u201ciu\u201d is spelled \u201cyou\u201d.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">y\u012b<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u4e00<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">one<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">y\u00ecng<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u786c<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">hard<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">y\u01d2u<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u6709<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">have<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">2<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">When a syllable starts with the \u201cu\u201d sound and has no initial in front of it, \u201cu\u201d is replaced with <strong>w<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"rule-text\" style=\"margin-left:26px; font-size:14px; color:var(--ink-soft);\">u\u01cen \u2192 w\u01cen (\u7897, bowl) \u00b7 u\u00e0i \u2192 w\u00e0i (\u5916, outside) \u00b7 u\u01ceng \u2192 w\u01ceng (\u7db2\u7f51, net)<\/p>\n <div class=\"exceptions\">\n <strong>Exceptions:<\/strong>\n <ul>\n <li>The single vowel \u201cu\u201d gets a \u201cw\u201d added in front instead \u2014 becoming \u201cwu\u201d.<\/li>\n <li>Standing alone, \u201cun\u201d is spelled \u201cwen\u201d.<\/li>\n <li>Standing alone, \u201cui\u201d is spelled \u201cwei\u201d.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">w\u0113n<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6eab<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6e29<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">warm<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">w\u00e8i<\/span><span class=\"han\">\u80c3<\/span><span class=\"gloss\">stomach<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">3<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">When a syllable starts with \u201c\u00fc\u201d, it’s replaced with <strong>yu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"rule-text\" style=\"margin-left:26px; font-size:14px; color:var(--ink-soft);\">\u01da \u2192 y\u01d4 (\u96e8, rain) \u00b7 \u01dan \u2192 y\u00fan (\u96f2\u4e91, cloud) \u00b7 \u01daan \u2192 yu\u01cen (\u9060\u8fdc, far)<\/p>\n <div class=\"exceptions\">\n <strong>Typing tip:<\/strong> on most Chinese IMEs, typing <strong>v<\/strong> is the standard way to input \u201c\u00fc\u201d.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"rule-group\" id=\"group-r\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <span class=\"kicker\">Rule set 05<\/span>\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ending_%E2%80%9Cr%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%94_erhua\"><\/span>Ending \u201cr\u201d \u2014 erhua<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <div class=\"rule-label\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p class=\"rule-text\">The \u201cer\u201d sound can attach onto other finals to form a retroflex ending. When it does, just add \u201cr\u201d to the end of the syllable.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-list\">\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">y\u00ecdi\u01cenr<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00\u9ede\u5152<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00\u70b9\u513f<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">a little<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">f\u00e0ngu\u01cenr<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u98ef\u9928\u5152<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u996d\u9986\u513f<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">restaurant<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"example-item\"><span class=\"py\">hu\u0101r<\/span><span class=\"han\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u82b1\u5152<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u82b1\u513f<\/span><\/span><span class=\"gloss\">flowers<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <\/main>\n\n <section class=\"quiz\" id=\"quiz\">\n <div class=\"quiz-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spot_the_correct_spelling_%E2%80%94_10_questions\"><\/span>Spot the correct spelling \u2014 10 questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p>Each pair has one correctly-spelled form and one that breaks a rule from this page. Pick the correct one.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <form id=\"quiz-form\">\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"kafei\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">01<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u5496\u5561\u201d (coffee)?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"kafei\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">k\u0101f\u0113i<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"ka-fei\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">k\u0101 f\u0113i<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"cap\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">02<\/span> Which correctly opens the sentence \u201c\u6211\u559d\u5496\u5561\u201d (I drink coffee)?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"cap\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">W\u01d2 h\u0113 k\u0101f\u0113i.<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"lower\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">w\u01d2 h\u0113 k\u0101f\u0113i.<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"bo\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">03<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u4f2f\u201d (uncle)?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"bo\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">b\u00f3<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"buo\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">bu\u00f3<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"ju\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">04<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u8209\/\u4e3e\u201d (lift)?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"ju\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">j\u01d4<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"jv\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">j\u01da<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"yi\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">05<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u4e00\u201d (one), with no initial in front?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"yi\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">y\u012b<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"i\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">\u012b<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"ying\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">06<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u786c\u201d (hard), with no initial in front?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"ying\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">y\u00ecng<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"ing\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">\u00ecng<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"you\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">07<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u6709\u201d (have), standing alone with no initial?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"you\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">y\u01d2u<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"iu\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">i\u01d4<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"wen\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">08<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u6eab\/\u6e29\u201d (warm), standing alone with no initial?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"wen\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">w\u0113n<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"un\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">\u016bn<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"wei\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">09<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u80c3\u201d (stomach), standing alone with no initial?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"wei\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">w\u00e8i<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"ui\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">u\u00ec<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"yu\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">10<\/span> Which is correctly spelled \u2014 \u201c\u96e8\u201d (rain), with no initial in front?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"yu\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">y\u01d4<\/span><\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"v\"> <span class=\"opt-py\">\u01da<\/span><\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-actions\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Compound-Finals.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"quiz-actions-img\">\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"quiz-submit\" 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Once you know the sounds, these are the rules that govern how they’re actually written down \u2014 spacing, capitals, tone-mark placement, and the quiet substitutions like i\u2192y and…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[308,130],"class_list":["post-4502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk1","tag-edited","tag-hanyu-pinyin"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Pinyin Spelling Rules - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization system for Mandarin Chinese in mainland China. 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