{"id":3273,"date":"2023-01-14T16:24:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-14T08:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/?p=3273"},"modified":"2026-08-21T23:42:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T15:42:43","slug":"verbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/","title":{"rendered":"Chinese Verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/#The_Verb_Does_Not_Change_by_Tense\" >The Verb Does Not Change by Tense<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/#The_Verb_%E6%98%AF_shi_to_be\" >The Verb \u662f sh\u00ec (to be)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/#Negation_%E2%80%94_Always_Use_%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%8D_bu\" >Negation \u2014 Always Use \u4e0d\u4e0d b\u00f9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/#Verbs_Similar_to_%E6%98%AF%E6%98%AF_shi_%E2%80%94_%E5%8F%AB%E5%8F%AB_jiao_%E5%A7%93%E5%A7%93_xing_%E5%83%8F%E5%83%8F_xiang\" >Verbs Similar to \u662f\u662f sh\u00ec \u2014 \u53eb\u53eb ji\u00e0o, \u59d3\u59d3 x\u00ecng, \u50cf\u50cf xi\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/#The_Verb_%E6%9C%89_you_to_have\" >The Verb \u6709 y\u01d2u (to have)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/#Indicating_Possession\" >Indicating Possession<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/#Indicating_Change_or_Development\" >Indicating Change or Development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/#Forming_Idiomatic_Expressions\" >Forming Idiomatic Expressions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/#Introducing_Adjectival_Predicates\" >Introducing Adjectival Predicates<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:7px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin=\"\">\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cormorant+Garamond:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;1,500&#038;family=Noto+Serif+TC:wght@300;500;600&#038;family=Noto+Serif+SC:wght@300;500;600&#038;family=Jost:wght@400;500&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<style>\n\n  .odd-post{\n    --ink: #24221D;\n    --ink-soft: 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max-width: 60ch;\n    margin: 0 auto 6px;\n    font-size: 13.5px;\n    font-style: italic;\n    color: var(--ink-soft);\n    border-left: 2px solid var(--hair);\n    padding-left: 14px;\n  }\n\n  .odd-post .divider{\n    border-top: 1px solid var(--hair);\n    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hair);\n    margin: 48px 0;\n  }\n\n  \/* ---------- section heads ---------- *\/\n  .odd-post .section-eyebrow{\n    font-family:'Jost', sans-serif;\n    font-size: 11.5px;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    letter-spacing: 0.2em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: var(--gold);\n    margin: 48px 0 8px; \/* \u4fee\u5fa9\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u91d1\u8272\u6a19\u984c\u7684\u4e0a\u65b9\u908a\u8ddd\uff0c\u4e0d\u9ecf\u8cbc\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 *\/\n  }\n  .odd-post .section-eyebrow:first-of-type{ margin-top: 40px !important; }\n  \n  .odd-post h2.section-title{\n    font-family:'Cormorant Garamond', serif;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: clamp(23px, 3.4vw, 29px);\n    margin: 0 0 24px; \/* \u7d66\u7da0\u8272\u4e3b\u6a19\u984c\u7684\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e00\u9ede\u547c\u5438\u7a7a\u9593 *\/\n    color: var(--jade-deep);\n  }\n  \n  .odd-post h3.subsection-title{\n    font-family:'Cormorant Garamond', serif;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: 19px;\n    margin: 48px 0 16px; \/* \u589e\u52a0\u5c0f\u6a19\u984c\u7684\u4e0a\u65b9\u8ddd\u96e2 *\/\n    color: var(--jade-deep);\n  }\n  \n  \/* \u4fee\u5fa9\uff1a\u79fb\u9664\u4e86\u91cd\u8907\u7684 .odd-post *\/\n  .odd-post .section-body p{ font-size: 15.5px; color: var(--ink); margin: 0 0 16px; }\n\n  \/* ---------- example list ---------- *\/\n  .odd-post .example-list{ margin: 0 0 30px; }\n  .odd-post .example-row{\n    padding: 16px 0;\n    border-top: 1px solid var(--hair);\n  }\n  .odd-post .example-row:first-child{ border-top: none; }\n  .odd-post .example-row .zh-block{ font-size: 17px; display:block; margin-bottom: 4px; }\n  .odd-post .example-row .gloss{ color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 14.5px; font-style: italic; font-family:'Cormorant Garamond', serif; }\n  .odd-post .example-row.wrong .mark-x{\n    color: var(--red);\n    font-weight: 700;\n    margin-right: 8px;\n    font-family:'Jost', sans-serif;\n  }\n  .odd-post .example-row.wrong .zh-block{ opacity: 0.8; }\n  .odd-post .example-row.wrong .gloss{ color: var(--red); }\n\n  .odd-post .idiom-list{\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    margin: 0 0 24px;\n    line-height: 2;\n  }\n  .odd-post .idiom-list .gloss{ color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 13.5px; margin-left: 3px; }\n\n  \/* ---------- closing ---------- *\/\n  .odd-post .closing{ padding: 40px 0 10px; text-align:center; }\n  .odd-post .closing p{\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    max-width: 52ch;\n    font-family:'Cormorant Garamond', serif;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: 19px;\n    color: var(--ink-soft);\n    line-height: 1.6;\n  }\n\n<\/style>\n\n<article class=\"odd-post\">\n\n  <section class=\"hero\">\n    <p class=\"eyebrow\">A field guide for learners<\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"hero-title\">Chinese Verbs<\/h1>\n    <svg class=\"brush\" viewBox=\"0 0 168 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n      <path d=\"M2 8C24 3 46 11 68 6C90 1 112 10 134 5C148 2 158 6 166 4\" stroke=\"#A9843F\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><\/path>\n    <\/svg>\n    <p class=\"hero-sub\">\n      Chinese verbs, like English ones, fall into three broad categories: the verb\n      <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u662f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u662f<\/span> sh\u00ec (&#8220;to be&#8221;), the verb\n      <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6709<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6709<\/span> y\u01d2u (&#8220;to have&#8221;), and the broad\n      remaining set of action verbs.\n    <\/p>\n    <p class=\"footnote\">\n      Some teachers argue for a fourth category, treating Chinese adjectives as\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/14\/stativeverbs\/\">stative verbs<\/a>.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section>\n    <p class=\"section-eyebrow\">The baseline<\/p>\n    <h2 class=\"section-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Verb_Does_Not_Change_by_Tense\"><\/span>The Verb Does Not Change by Tense<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <div class=\"section-body\">\n      <p>\n        A feature common to every Chinese verb: none of them conjugate for tense \u2014 much like\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/03\/02\/chinese-noun\/\">Chinese nouns never\n        change for number or role<\/a> either. Instead, the timing of an action is carried by a separate\n        time expression, placed before the verb or at the start of the sentence.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p class=\"section-eyebrow\" style=\"text-align:left; margin-bottom:14px;\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5403<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5403<\/span> ch\u012b \u2014 verb, &#8220;to eat&#8221;<\/p>\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6628\u5929<\/span><rt>zu\u00f3ti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403\u98ef<\/span><rt>ch\u012bf\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6628\u5929<\/span><rt>zu\u00f3ti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403\u996d<\/span><rt>ch\u012bf\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">I ate rice yesterday.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u73fe\u5728<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403\u98ef<\/span><rt>ch\u012bf\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u73b0\u5728<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403\u996d<\/span><rt>ch\u012bf\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">I am eating rice now.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u660e\u5929<\/span><rt>m\u00edngti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8981<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403\u98ef<\/span><rt>ch\u012bf\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u660e\u5929<\/span><rt>m\u00edngti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8981<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403\u996d<\/span><rt>ch\u012bf\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">I will eat rice tomorrow.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"section-body\">\n      <p>\n        That said, Chinese verbs do carry aspect markers \u2014 showing whether an action is completed, ongoing,\n        or a past experience. These attach as a suffix to the verb:\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/07\/le-in-chinese-1\/\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e86<\/span> le<\/a>,\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/28\/guo\/\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u904e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fc7<\/span> gu\u00f2<\/a>, or\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/10\/13\/particle-zhe-1\/\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8457<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7740<\/span> zhe<\/a> \u2014\n        or sit directly before the verb, as with\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/09\/21\/actions-in-progress\/\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5728<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5728<\/span> z\u00e0i<\/a>.\n        Action verbs with no aspect marker at all usually express habitual action or intention.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <div class=\"divider\"><\/div>\n\n  <section>\n    <p class=\"section-eyebrow\">Category one<\/p>\n    <h2 class=\"section-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Verb_%E6%98%AF_shi_to_be\"><\/span>The Verb \u662f sh\u00ec (to be)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <div class=\"section-body\">\n      <p><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u662f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u662f<\/span> sh\u00ec links two equal nouns or noun phrases.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">Tiffany<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">Tiffany<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">I am Tiffany.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u59b9\u59b9<\/span><rt>m\u00e8imei<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u4f4d<\/span><rt>y\u00edw\u00e8i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8001\u5e2b<\/span><rt>l\u01ceosh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u59b9\u59b9<\/span><rt>m\u00e8imei<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u4f4d<\/span><rt>y\u00edw\u00e8i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8001\u5e08<\/span><rt>l\u01ceosh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">My sister is a teacher.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9019<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u5bb6<\/span><rt>y\u00ecji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e97<\/span><rt>di\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u5bb6<\/span><rt>y\u00ecji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e97<\/span><rt>di\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">This is a coffee shop.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"section-body\">\n      <p>\n        To link <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u662f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u662f<\/span> sh\u00ec with a description instead of a noun, you&#8217;ll usually need a\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/04\/10\/shi-de-structure\/\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7684<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7684<\/span> de<\/a> alongside it \u2014\n        <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7684<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7684<\/span> de turns the whole description into a noun (the same\n        <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5b9a\u8a9e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5b9a\u8bed<\/span> d\u00ecngy\u01d4 \/ attributive-modifier role covered in\n        our grammar-terms guide).\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5730\u7403<\/span><rt>d\u00ecqi\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5713<\/span><rt>yu\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5730\u7403<\/span><rt>d\u00ecqi\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5706<\/span><rt>yu\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">Earth is round.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u7684<\/span><rt>w\u01d2de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8932\u5b50<\/span><rt>k\u00f9zi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad2<\/span><rt>z\u0101ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u7684<\/span><rt>w\u01d2de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u88e4\u5b50<\/span><rt>k\u00f9zi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u810f<\/span><rt>z\u0101ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">My pants are dirty.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"section-body\">\n      <p style=\"font-style:italic; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 14px;\">\n        Note: to say <em>how<\/em> dirty something is, you&#8217;ll need\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/14\/stativeverbs\/\">stative verbs<\/a> instead.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <h3 class=\"subsection-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Negation_%E2%80%94_Always_Use_%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%8D_bu\"><\/span>Negation \u2014 Always Use <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d<\/span> b\u00f9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9019<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d\u662f<\/span><rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u5bb6<\/span><rt>y\u00ecji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e97<\/span><rt>di\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d\u662f<\/span><rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u5bb6<\/span><rt>y\u00ecji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e97<\/span><rt>di\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">This is not a coffee shop.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u7684<\/span><rt>w\u01d2de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8932\u5b50<\/span><rt>k\u00f9zi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d\u662f<\/span><rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad2<\/span><rt>z\u0101ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u7684<\/span><rt>w\u01d2de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u88e4\u5b50<\/span><rt>k\u00f9zi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d\u662f<\/span><rt>b\u00fash\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u810f<\/span><rt>z\u0101ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">My pants are not dirty.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <h3 class=\"subsection-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Verbs_Similar_to_%E6%98%AF%E6%98%AF_shi_%E2%80%94_%E5%8F%AB%E5%8F%AB_jiao_%E5%A7%93%E5%A7%93_xing_%E5%83%8F%E5%83%8F_xiang\"><\/span>Verbs Similar to <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u662f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u662f<\/span> sh\u00ec \u2014 <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u53eb<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u53eb<\/span> ji\u00e0o, <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59d3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59d3<\/span> x\u00ecng, <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u50cf<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u50cf<\/span> xi\u00e0ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u7684<\/span><rt>w\u01d2de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u50cf<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8c93<\/span><rt>m\u0101o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u7684<\/span><rt>w\u01d2de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u50cf<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u732b<\/span><rt>m\u0101o<\/rt><\/ruby><span style=\"color:var(--ink-soft); font-size:14px;\">\uff08<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u6a23<\/span><rt>y\u00edy\u00e0ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u6837<\/span><rt>y\u00edy\u00e0ng<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">My dog is like a cat.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8001\u5e2b<\/span><rt>l\u01ceosh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u59d3<\/span><rt>x\u00ecng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f35<\/span><rt>zh\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8001\u5e08<\/span><rt>l\u01ceosh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u59d3<\/span><rt>x\u00ecng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f20<\/span><rt>zh\u0101ng<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">The teacher&#8217;s family name is Zhang.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53eb<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">Andrew<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53eb<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">Andrew<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">He is called Andrew.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <div class=\"divider\"><\/div>\n\n  <section>\n    <p class=\"section-eyebrow\">Category two<\/p>\n    <h2 class=\"section-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Verb_%E6%9C%89_you_to_have\"><\/span>The Verb \u6709 y\u01d2u (to have)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n    <div class=\"section-body\">\n      <p style=\"font-style:italic; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 14px;\">\n        A common mix-up: reaching for <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6709<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6709<\/span> y\u01d2u where <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u662f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u662f<\/span> sh\u00ec belongs.\n        Both are grammatical, but they answer different questions \u2014\n        <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u662f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u662f<\/span> sh\u00ec identifies what something <em>is<\/em>,\n        while <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6709<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6709<\/span> y\u01d2u states that something <em>exists<\/em> at a place. Reach for the wrong\n        one and the sentence still works \u2014 it just answers a question you didn&#8217;t ask.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9019<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u96bb<\/span><rt>y\u00eczh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u53ea<\/span><rt>y\u00eczh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">There&#8217;s a dog here. \u2014 existence, not identity<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9019<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u96bb<\/span><rt>y\u00eczh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u53ea<\/span><rt>y\u00eczh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">This is a dog. \u2014 identity, not existence<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <h3 class=\"subsection-title\" style=\"margin-top:0;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indicating_Possession\"><\/span>Indicating Possession<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u96bb<\/span><rt>y\u00eczh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u53ea<\/span><rt>y\u00eczh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">I have a dog.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u5bb6<\/span><rt>w\u01d2ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e94\u9593<\/span><rt>w\u01d4ji\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u623f\u9593<\/span><rt>f\u00e1ngji\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u5bb6<\/span><rt>w\u01d2ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e94\u95f4<\/span><rt>w\u01d4ji\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u623f\u95f4<\/span><rt>f\u00e1ngji\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">My house has five rooms.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"section-body\">\n      <p>\n        To negate <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6709<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6709<\/span> y\u01d2u, always use <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<\/span> m\u00e9i. What happens to the number and measure word\n        depends on what exactly you&#8217;re negating \u2014 there are really three different situations hiding\n        inside &#8220;don&#8217;t have.&#8221;\n      <\/p>\n      <p>\n        <b style=\"color:var(--jade-deep);\">1. Negating existence.<\/b> &#8220;I don&#8217;t have a dog&#8221; isn&#8217;t denying\n        some specific count \u2014 there&#8217;s no dog at all, so there&#8217;s nothing to count. The number and measure\n        word both disappear; &#8220;\u4e00\u96bb&#8221; would imply you&#8217;re contesting a quantity, which makes no sense when\n        the answer is zero.\n      <\/p>\n      <p>\n        <b style=\"color:var(--jade-deep);\">2. Negating a specific quantity.<\/b> &#8220;My house doesn&#8217;t have\n        five rooms&#8221; is a different claim \u2014 it&#8217;s not saying the house has zero rooms, only that the number\n        <em>five<\/em> is wrong. Here the number and measure word stay, because they&#8217;re exactly what&#8217;s\n        being disputed.\n      <\/p>\n      <p>\n        <b style=\"color:var(--jade-deep);\">3. Negating for emphasis.<\/b> The number and measure word can\n        also come back on purpose, paired with <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90fd<\/span> d\u014du, to stress &#8220;not even one.&#8221; This isn&#8217;t\n        counting anymore \u2014 it&#8217;s rhetorical, the Chinese equivalent of &#8220;I don&#8217;t have a single dog.&#8221;\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row wrong\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><span class=\"mark-x\">\u2717<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6c92\u6709<\/span><rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u96bb<\/span><rt>y\u00eczh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6ca1\u6709<\/span><rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u53ea<\/span><rt>y\u00eczh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">intended: I don&#8217;t have a dog \u2014 but there&#8217;s no quantity to dispute here<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6c92\u6709<\/span><rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6ca1\u6709<\/span><rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">I don&#8217;t have a dog. \u2014 negating existence<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u5bb6<\/span><rt>w\u01d2ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6c92\u6709<\/span><rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e94\u9593<\/span><rt>w\u01d4ji\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u623f\u9593<\/span><rt>f\u00e1ngji\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u5bb6<\/span><rt>w\u01d2ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6ca1\u6709<\/span><rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e94\u95f4<\/span><rt>w\u01d4ji\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u623f\u95f4<\/span><rt>f\u00e1ngji\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">My house does not have five rooms. \u2014 negating the number five specifically<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u96bb<\/span><rt>y\u00eczh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6c92\u6709<\/span><rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u53ea<\/span><rt>y\u00eczh\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6ca1\u6709<\/span><rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">I don&#8217;t have even one dog. \u2014 emphatic, not a count<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <h3 class=\"subsection-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indicating_Change_or_Development\"><\/span>Indicating Change or Development<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60\u7684<\/span><rt>n\u01d0de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5927<\/span><rt>d\u00e0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9032\u6b65<\/span><rt>j\u00ecnb\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60\u7684<\/span><rt>n\u01d0de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5927<\/span><rt>d\u00e0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fdb\u6b65<\/span><rt>j\u00ecnb\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">You have made great progress in Chinese.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6700\u8fd1<\/span><rt>zu\u00ecj\u00ecn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5927\u5bb6<\/span><rt>d\u00e0ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><rt>sh\u0113nghu\u00f3<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23<\/span><rt>b\u00f9y\u00edy\u00e0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8b8a\u5316<\/span><rt>bi\u00e0nhu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6700\u8fd1<\/span><rt>zu\u00ecj\u00ecn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5927\u5bb6<\/span><rt>d\u00e0ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><rt>sh\u0113nghu\u00f3<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/span><rt>b\u00f9y\u00edy\u00e0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53d8\u5316<\/span><rt>bi\u00e0nhu\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">Recently, everyone&#8217;s life has changed in a different way.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <h3 class=\"subsection-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forming_Idiomatic_Expressions\"><\/span>Forming Idiomatic Expressions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <p class=\"idiom-list\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u540d<\/span><rt>y\u01d2um\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u540d<\/span><rt>y\u01d2um\u00edng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"gloss\">famous<\/span> \u00b7\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u610f\u601d<\/span><rt>y\u01d2uy\u00ecsi<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u610f\u601d<\/span><rt>y\u01d2uy\u00ecsi<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"gloss\">interesting<\/span> \u00b7\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u9322<\/span><rt>y\u01d2uqi\u00e1n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u94b1<\/span><rt>y\u01d2uqi\u00e1n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"gloss\">rich<\/span> \u00b7\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u7a7a<\/span><rt>y\u01d2uk\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u7a7a<\/span><rt>y\u01d2uk\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"gloss\">free time<\/span> \u00b7\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u79ae\u8c8c<\/span><rt>y\u01d2ul\u01d0m\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u793c\u8c8c<\/span><rt>y\u01d2ul\u01d0m\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"gloss\">polite<\/span>\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u540d<\/span><rt>y\u01d2um\u00edng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u9322<\/span><rt>y\u01d2uqi\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4eba<\/span><rt>r\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e38\u5e38<\/span><rt>ch\u00e1ngch\u00e1ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6c92\u6709<\/span><rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7a7a<\/span><rt>k\u014dng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u540d<\/span><rt>y\u01d2um\u00edng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709\u94b1<\/span><rt>y\u01d2uqi\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4eba<\/span><rt>r\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e38\u5e38<\/span><rt>ch\u00e1ngch\u00e1ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6ca1\u6709<\/span><rt>m\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7a7a<\/span><rt>k\u014dng<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">Famous and rich people often don&#8217;t have time.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u771f\u662f<\/span><rt>zh\u0113nsh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u500b<\/span><rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u79ae\u8c8c<\/span><rt>l\u01d0m\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5b69\u5b50<\/span><rt>h\u00e1izi<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u771f\u662f<\/span><rt>zh\u0113nsh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u793c\u8c8c<\/span><rt>l\u01d0m\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5b69\u5b50<\/span><rt>h\u00e1izi<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">He is such a polite boy.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <h3 class=\"subsection-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introducing_Adjectival_Predicates\"><\/span>Introducing Adjectival Predicates<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9019\u5ea7<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8 zu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c71<\/span><rt>sh\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09\u5343<\/span><rt>s\u0101nqi\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7c73<\/span><rt>m\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad8<\/span><rt>g\u0101o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9\u5ea7<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8 zu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c71<\/span><rt>sh\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09\u5343<\/span><rt>s\u0101nqi\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7c73<\/span><rt>m\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad8<\/span><rt>g\u0101o<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">This mountain is 3,000 meters high.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6\u5bb6<\/span><rt>t\u0101ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u500b<\/span><rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u516c\u5712<\/span><rt>g\u014dngyu\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90a3\u9ebc<\/span><rt>n\u00e0me<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5927<\/span><rt>d\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6\u5bb6<\/span><rt>t\u0101ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u516c\u56ed<\/span><rt>g\u014dngyu\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90a3\u4e48<\/span><rt>n\u00e0me<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5927<\/span><rt>d\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">His house is as big as a park.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"section-body\">\n      <p>When followed by <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u591a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u591a<\/span> du\u014d (&#8220;how&#8221;) and an adjective, this pattern asks about age, distance, size, and the like.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"example-list\">\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9019\u5ea7<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8 zu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c71<\/span><rt>sh\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u591a<\/span><rt>du\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad8<\/span><rt>g\u0101o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9\u5ea7<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8 zu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c71<\/span><rt>sh\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u591a<\/span><rt>du\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad8<\/span><rt>g\u0101o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">How high is this mountain?<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"example-row\">\n        <span class=\"zh-block\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60\u5bb6<\/span><rt>n\u01d0ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u591a<\/span><rt>du\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5927<\/span><rt>d\u00e0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60\u5bb6<\/span><rt>n\u01d0ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u591a<\/span><rt>du\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5927<\/span><rt>d\u00e0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <span class=\"gloss\">How big is your house?<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<\/article>\n\n<script>\n\/*\n  Applies the site's lang_zh-TW cookie on page load (see lang-selector\n  widget) directly to this post's .lang-zh-TW \/ .lang-zh-CN elements,\n  since the widget's own \"on load\" handler only updates its menu\n  pointers, not the actual display. Cookie convention: \"1\" = Traditional,\n  \"0\" = Simplified.\n*\/\n(function(){\n  var post = (document.currentScript && document.currentScript.closest('.odd-post')) \n             || document.querySelector('.odd-post');\n  \n  if(!post) return;\n\n  function getCookie(name){\n    var m = document.cookie.match(new RegExp('(?:^|; )' + name.replace(\/([.$?*|{}()\\[\\]\\\\\\\/\\+^])\/g, '\\\\$1') + '=([^;]*)'));\n    return m ? decodeURIComponent(m[1]) : null;\n  }\n\n  var showSimplified = getCookie('lang_zh-TW') === '0';\n  var hideClass = showSimplified ? 'lang-zh-TW' : 'lang-zh-CN';\n  var showClass = showSimplified ? 'lang-zh-CN' : 'lang-zh-TW';\n\n  post.querySelectorAll('.' + hideClass).forEach(function(el){ el.style.display = 'none'; });\n  post.querySelectorAll('.' + showClass).forEach(function(el){ el.style.display = ''; });\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/foundation\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-571\" style=\"width:150px;height:43px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-600x171.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A field guide for learners Chinese Verbs Chinese verbs, like English ones, fall into three broad categories: the verb \u662f\u662f sh\u00ec (&#8220;to be&#8221;), the verb \u6709\u6709 y\u01d2u (&#8220;to have&#8221;), and the broad remaining set of action verbs. Some teachers argue for a fourth category, treating Chinese adjectives as stative verbs. The baseline The Verb Does&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[176,1252],"class_list":["post-3273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk1","tag-chinese-verbs","tag-verb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chinese Verbs - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how Chinese verbs work, including \u662f (sh\u00ec), \u6709 (y\u01d2u), action verbs, tense and aspect, negation, and common sentence patterns, with clear examples.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/01\/14\/verbs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chinese Verbs - 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