\u55ae\u97fb\u6bcd \/ \u5355\u97f5\u6bcd \u00b7 Simple Finals \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin=\"\">\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,400;9..144,500;9..144,600;9..144,700&family=Noto+Serif+TC:wght@500;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <style>\n :root{\n --paper:#FFFFFF;\n --paper-dim:#F7F4EE;\n --ink:#2A2723;\n --ink-soft:#5B564C;\n --seal:#B23A2E;\n --seal-dim:#8f2e24;\n --bamboo:#4F6F52;\n --gold:#AD8A4D;\n --line: rgba(42,39,35,0.13);\n --radius: 3px;\n }\n *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}\n body{\n margin:0;\n background:var(--paper);\n color:var(--ink);\n font-family:'Inter', sans-serif;\n }\n\n .wrap{\n position:relative;\n z-index:1;\n max-width:920px;\n margin:0 auto;\n padding:0 24px;\n background:#FFFFFF;\n background-image:\n radial-gradient(circle at 12% 4%, rgba(178,58,46,0.06), transparent 45%);\n }\n\n .wrap::before{\n content:\"\";\n position:absolute;\n inset:0;\n pointer-events:none;\n opacity:0.25;\n z-index:-1;\n background-image:\n repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(42,39,35,0.015) 0px, rgba(42,39,35,0.015) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- HERO ---------- *\/\n header.hero{\n padding:72px 0 56px;\n position:relative;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .eyebrow{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.18em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n margin-bottom:22px;\n }\n .eyebrow::before{\n content:\"\";\n width:26px; height:1px; background:var(--seal);\n }\n .hero-title{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:clamp(32px, 5.5vw, 60px);\n line-height:1.02;\n margin:0 0 8px;\n letter-spacing:-0.01em;\n }\n .hero-title .cjk{\n font-family:'Noto Serif TC', serif;\n font-weight:700;\n color:var(--seal);\n font-size:0.62em;\n vertical-align:2%;\n margin-right:18px;\n display:inline-flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n gap:10px;\n }\n .hero-title .cjk .lang-zh-CN{\n font-size:0.72em;\n color:var(--seal-dim);\n opacity:0.75;\n }\n .hero-sub{\n font-size:17px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n max-width:520px;\n line-height:1.65;\n margin:18px 0 0;\n }\n .hero-stamp{\n position:absolute;\n top:64px; right:24px;\n width:88px; height:88px;\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n transform:rotate(-6deg);\n }\n .hero-stamp svg{width:100%;height:100%;}\n\n \/* ---------- NAV ---------- *\/\n nav.finals-nav{\n position:sticky; top:0; z-index:20;\n background:rgba(237,230,214,0.92);\n backdrop-filter:blur(6px);\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n padding:14px 0;\n }\n nav.finals-nav .row{\n display:flex; gap:6px; flex-wrap:wrap;\n align-items:center;\n }\n nav.finals-nav a{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:14px;\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n padding:6px 14px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:100px;\n transition:all .2s ease;\n white-space:nowrap;\n }\n nav.finals-nav a:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- SERIES STEPPER ---------- *\/\n section.series{\n padding:40px 0 8px;\n }\n .series-eyebrow{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n letter-spacing:0.14em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n display:block;\n margin-bottom:14px;\n }\n .series-steps{\n display:grid;\n grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(170px, 1fr));\n gap:12px;\n }\n .step{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:6px;\n padding:18px 18px 16px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n transition:border-color .2s ease, background .2s ease, transform .2s ease;\n background:var(--paper);\n }\n a.step:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n transform:translateY(-1px);\n }\n .step .step-num{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:11px;\n color:var(--gold);\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n }\n .step .step-title{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:17px;\n }\n .step .step-desc{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n }\n .step.current{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.05);\n }\n .step.current .step-num{color:var(--seal);}\n .step.current .step-title{color:var(--seal);}\n @media (max-width:640px){\n .series-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr;}\n }\n\n \/* ---------- INITIALS REFERENCE ---------- *\/\n section.reference{\n padding:56px 0;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n section.reference h3{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:22px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 6px;\n }\n section.reference > p{\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n margin:0 0 26px;\n max-width:560px;\n line-height:1.6;\n }\n .ref-group{\n margin-bottom:20px;\n }\n .ref-group-head{\n display:flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n justify-content:space-between;\n margin-bottom:10px;\n }\n .ref-group-head span.label{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--bamboo);\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n }\n .ref-group-head a{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--seal);\n text-decoration:none;\n border-bottom:1px dotted var(--seal);\n }\n .chip-row{\n display:flex;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:8px;\n }\n .chip{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13.5px;\n padding:7px 13px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:100px;\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n background:var(--paper-dim);\n transition:all .2s ease;\n }\n .chip:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- MAIN SECTIONS ---------- *\/\n main{padding:64px 0 40px;}\n section.final{\n display:grid;\n grid-template-columns:220px 1fr;\n gap:38px;\n padding:52px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n scroll-margin-top:76px;\n opacity:1;\n }\n section.final:last-of-type{border-bottom:none;}\n\n \/* \u5de6\u5074\u5b57\u5370\u8207\u820c\u4f4d\u5716\u6b04\u4f4d\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5bec\u5ea6\u907f\u514d\u7e2e\u6241 *\/\n .final-glyph{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n align-items:flex-start;\n gap:8px;\n width:212px;\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n \n \/* \u7e2e\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u65b9\u5f62\u5b57\u5361 (52px \u00d7 52px) *\/\n .stamp{\n width:52px; height:52px;\n background:var(--seal);\n border-radius:4px;\n position:relative;\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n .stamp::before{\n content:\"\";\n position:absolute; inset:3px;\n border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\n border-radius:2px;\n }\n .stamp .letter{\n font-family:'Noto Serif TC', serif;\n font-weight:700;\n font-size:23px;\n color:#F4E9DD;\n line-height:1;\n }\n .wave{\n width:52px; height:12px;\n margin-top:2px;\n }\n .wave path{\n fill:none;\n stroke:var(--gold);\n stroke-width:1.4;\n stroke-linecap:round;\n }\n .final-tag{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:11px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n margin-bottom:2px;\n }\n\n .final-body h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:30px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 4px;\n display:flex; align-items:baseline; gap:10px;\n }\n .final-body h2 .pinyin{\n color:var(--seal);\n }\n .final-body .subhead{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13px;\n color:var(--bamboo);\n margin:0 0 20px;\n }\n\n .rule{\n display:flex; gap:14px; align-items:flex-start;\n margin-bottom:20px;\n transition:opacity .15s ease;\n }\n .rule-num{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--gold);\n padding-top:3px;\n flex-shrink:0;\n width:16px;\n }\n .rule p{\n margin:0;\n font-size:16px;\n line-height:1.7;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n .rule p em{\n font-style:normal;\n color:var(--seal);\n border-bottom:1px dotted var(--seal);\n }\n\n .example-row{\n display:flex; align-items:center; gap:12px;\n background:var(--paper-dim);\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n padding:12px 16px;\n margin:14px 0 6px;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n }\n .play-btn{\n width:34px; height:34px;\n border-radius:50%;\n border:1px solid var(--seal);\n background:transparent;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n cursor:pointer;\n flex-shrink:0;\n transition:all .2s ease;\n padding:0;\n }\n .play-btn:hover{background:var(--seal); color:#F4E9DD;}\n .play-btn svg{width:13px; height:13px;}\n .example-syllables{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:15px;\n letter-spacing:0.02em;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n .example-syllables .sep{color:var(--gold); margin:0 3px;}\n\n .note{\n font-size:13.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n background:rgba(79,111,82,0.08);\n border-left:2px solid var(--bamboo);\n padding:10px 14px;\n margin-top:18px;\n line-height:1.6;\n }\n .note a{color:var(--bamboo);}\n .note-with-img{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:12px;\n }\n .note-thumb{\n width:51px;\n height:51px;\n object-fit:cover;\n border-radius:3px;\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n\n \/* ---------- COMPACT TONGUE DIAGRAM UNDER CARD ---------- *\/\n .tg-wrap{\n display:block;\n width:212px;\n max-width:212px;\n background:#FAF8F5;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:6px;\n padding:9px 9px 10px;\n cursor:pointer;\n margin-top:4px;\n box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(42,39,35,0.03);\n transition:border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease;\n }\n .tg-wrap:hover{\n border-color:rgba(178,58,46,0.35);\n box-shadow:0 3px 12px rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n .tg-meta{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n justify-content:space-between;\n margin-bottom:7px;\n padding-bottom:5px;\n border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);\n }\n .tg-badge{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:10px;\n font-weight:600;\n color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.08);\n padding:2px 6px;\n border-radius:3px;\n letter-spacing:0.04em;\n }\n .tg-tabs{\n display:flex;\n gap:3px;\n }\n .tg-tab{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:9.5px;\n font-weight:600;\n padding:1px 5px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n background:var(--paper);\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n border-radius:3px;\n cursor:pointer;\n line-height:1.2;\n transition:all .15s ease;\n }\n .tg-tab:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n color:var(--seal);\n }\n .tg-tab.active{\n background:var(--seal);\n color:#F4E9DD;\n border-color:var(--seal);\n }\n .tg-svg{\n display:block;\n width:100%;\n height:auto;\n }\n .tg-line{\n fill:none;\n stroke:#3D3833;\n stroke-width:2.2;\n stroke-linecap:round;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-velum-body{\n fill:#EAE3D6;\n stroke:#3D3833;\n stroke-width:1.6;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-gum{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.22);\n }\n .tg-tooth{\n fill:#FFFFFF;\n stroke:#6E685E;\n stroke-width:1.2;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-front-tooth{\n fill:#FFFFFF;\n stroke:#6E685E;\n stroke-width:0.9;\n }\n .tg-lip{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.28);\n stroke:var(--seal);\n stroke-width:1.6;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-lip-front{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.25);\n stroke:var(--seal);\n stroke-width:1.5;\n }\n .tg-tongue{\n stroke:var(--seal);\n stroke-width:2;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-ft{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.45);\n }\n .tg-vc{\n fill:#6E685E;\n }\n .tg-aw{\n fill:none;\n stroke:#2E8B7E;\n stroke-width:2.2;\n stroke-linecap:round;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n opacity:0;\n }\n .tg-dot{\n fill:var(--gold);\n }\n .tg-lb{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:10px;\n font-weight:600;\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n fill:var(--ink-soft);\n stroke:none;\n }\n .tg-lb-front{\n font-size:9px;\n fill:var(--gold);\n }\n .tg-cap{\n font-size:11.5px;\n line-height:1.45;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n margin:7px 2px 0;\n padding-top:6px;\n border-top:1px dashed var(--line);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- QUIZ ---------- *\/\n section.quiz{\n padding:56px 0 64px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-head{margin-bottom:32px;}\n .quiz-head h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:30px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 8px;\n }\n .quiz-head p{\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n max-width:560px;\n line-height:1.6;\n margin:0;\n }\n .quiz-q{\n padding:22px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-q:first-of-type{padding-top:0;}\n .quiz-question{\n font-size:16px;\n margin:0 0 14px;\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:10px;\n }\n .quiz-question .qnum{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n color:var(--gold);\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n .quiz-options{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:8px;\n }\n .quiz-options label{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n font-size:14.5px;\n padding:9px 12px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:border-color .15s ease, background .15s ease;\n }\n .quiz-options label:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n }\n .quiz-options input{accent-color:var(--seal);}\n .quiz-q.graded.correct{border-left:3px solid var(--bamboo); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded.incorrect{border-left:3px solid var(--seal); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.right-answer{\n border-color:var(--bamboo);\n background:rgba(79,111,82,0.08);\n }\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.picked-wrong{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n .quiz-actions{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:16px;\n margin-top:28px;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n }\n .quiz-submit{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.04em;\n color:#F4E9DD;\n background:var(--seal);\n border:none;\n padding:12px 24px;\n border-radius:100px;\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:background .2s ease;\n }\n .quiz-submit:hover{background:var(--seal-dim);}\n .quiz-result{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:14px;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- FOOTER ---------- *\/\n footer{\n padding:56px 0 72px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n margin-top:12px;\n }\n .footer-wave{\n width:100%; height:40px;\n margin-bottom:28px;\n opacity:0.5;\n }\n .footer-wave path{fill:none; stroke:var(--seal); stroke-width:1;}\n footer p{\n font-size:13.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n line-height:1.7;\n max-width:520px;\n }\n footer a{color:var(--seal); text-decoration:none; border-bottom:1px solid rgba(178,58,46,0.3);}\n\n @media (max-width:640px){\n .wrap{padding:0 14px;}\n section.final{grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:20px;}\n .final-glyph{\n width:100%;\n flex-direction:row;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n align-items:center;\n gap:12px;\n }\n .stamp{width:42px; height:42px;}\n .stamp .letter{font-size:19px;}\n .wave{display:none;}\n .tg-wrap{width:100%; max-width:280px; margin-top:8px;}\n header.hero{padding:52px 0 40px;}\n .hero-stamp{width:64px;height:64px; top:48px;}\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <div class=\"hero-stamp\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\">\n <rect x=\"4\" y=\"4\" width=\"92\" height=\"92\" rx=\"8\" fill=\"#B23A2E\"><\/rect>\n <rect x=\"12\" y=\"12\" width=\"76\" height=\"76\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.5)\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/rect>\n <text x=\"50\" y=\"66\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"'Noto Serif TC', serif\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"46\" fill=\"#F4E9DD\">\u97f3<\/text>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"eyebrow\">OneDotDot Chinese \u00b7 Pronunciation<\/div>\n <h1 class=\"hero-title\"><span class=\"cjk\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ae\u97fb\u6bcd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5355\u97f5\u6bcd<\/span><\/span>Simple Finals<\/h1>\n <p class=\"hero-sub\">Six vowel sounds carry most of Mandarin’s pronunciation, and most of its traps. This is a listening-first guide to <strong>a \u00b7 o \u00b7 i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc \u00b7 e<\/strong> \u2014 what each one sounds like, how it changes shape next to certain consonants, and where English intuition will lead you astray.<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <section class=\"series\">\n <span class=\"series-eyebrow\">Hanyu Pinyin \u00b7 a 5-part foundation<\/span>\n <div class=\"series-steps\">\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">01<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 1<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">b p m f \u00b7 d t n l \u00b7 g k h<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">02<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 2<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">j q x \u00b7 zh ch sh r \u00b7 z c s<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <span class=\"step current\" aria-current=\"page\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">03<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Simple Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">a \u00b7 o \u00b7 i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc \u00b7 e \u2014 you are here<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/03\/compound-finals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">04<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Compound Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">ai\u00b7ei\u00b7ao\u00b7ou \u00b7 an\u00b7eng\u00b7ong \u00b7 er, +more<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/02\/22\/pinyin-spelling-rules\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">05<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Spelling Rules<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">spacing \u00b7 tones \u00b7 y\/w\/yu \u00b7 erhua<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"reference\">\n <h3>Before the finals: the 21 initials<\/h3>\n <p>Every Mandarin syllable pairs an initial (a consonant) with a final (the vowel sound covered below). If the initials aren’t solid yet, these link straight to the matching section of Part 1 and Part 2.<\/p>\n <div class=\"ref-group\">\n <div class=\"ref-group-head\">\n <span class=\"label\">Part 1<\/span>\n <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read Part 1 \u2192<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"chip-row\">\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#b_p_m_f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">b<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#b_p_m_f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">p<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#b_p_m_f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#b_p_m_f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">f<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#d_t_n_l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#d_t_n_l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">t<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#d_t_n_l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">n<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#d_t_n_l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">l<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#g_k_h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">g<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#g_k_h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">k<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#g_k_h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">h<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"ref-group\">\n <div class=\"ref-group-head\">\n <span class=\"label\">Part 2<\/span>\n <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read Part 2 \u2192<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"chip-row\">\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#j_q_x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">j<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#j_q_x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">q<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#j_q_x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">x<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#zh_ch_sh_r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zh<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#zh_ch_sh_r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ch<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#zh_ch_sh_r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sh<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#zh_ch_sh_r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">r<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#z_c_s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">z<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#z_c_s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#z_c_s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">s<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <nav class=\"finals-nav\">\n <div class=\"row\">\n <a href=\"#final-a\">a<\/a>\n <a href=\"#final-o\">o<\/a>\n <a href=\"#final-i\">i \u00b7 yi<\/a>\n <a href=\"#final-u\">u \u00b7 wu<\/a>\n <a href=\"#final-v\">\u00fc<\/a>\n <a href=\"#final-e\">e<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/nav>\n\n <main>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-a\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">a<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 6 C 5 1, 10 11, 15 6 S 25 1, 30 6 S 40 11, 45 6 S 50 2, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 01<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_a_a_a_a\"><\/span>a <span class=\"pinyin\">\u0101 \u00e1 \u01ce \u00e0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">the open one \u2014 nothing changes it<\/p>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p>Like the \u201ca\u201d in the English word <em>h<u>a<\/u><\/em>. Mouth wide open, no surprises.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ha.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">ha<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>la<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ma<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>za<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ta<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>fa<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-o\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">o<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 6 C 7 1, 7 11, 15 6 S 22 1, 30 6 S 37 11, 45 6 S 50 3, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 02<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"o_o_o_o_o\"><\/span>o <span class=\"pinyin\">\u014d \u00f3 \u01d2 \u00f2<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">rounds into \u201cuo\u201d after b \u00b7 p \u00b7 m \u00b7 f<\/p>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p>Like the \u201co\u201d in <em>Orange<\/em> \u2014 lips rounded.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">!<\/span>\n <p>But paired with the initials <em>b, p, m, f<\/em>, \u201co\u201d quietly becomes \u201cuo\u201d in sound.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/bo.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">o<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>bo<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>mo<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>po<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>fo<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-i\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">i<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 8 C 5 2, 10 2, 15 8 S 25 2, 30 8 S 40 2, 45 8 S 50 3, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 03<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i_yi\"><\/span>i <span class=\"pinyin\">yi<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">spelled \u201cy\u201d or \u201cyi\u201d with no initial in front<\/p>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p>Like the \u201cee\u201d in <em>sh<u>ee<\/u>p<\/em>, but raise your tongue a little higher.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">!<\/span>\n <p>No initial before it \u2192 spelled <em>y<\/em>. Standing completely alone \u2192 spelled <em>yi<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/yi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">yi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ji<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>qie<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>liang<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>biao<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-u\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">u<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 6 C 10 1, 10 11, 20 6 S 30 1, 30 11 S 40 1, 45 6 S 50 3, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 04<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"u_wu\"><\/span>u <span class=\"pinyin\">wu<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">spelled \u201cw\u201d or \u201cwu\u201d with no initial in front<\/p>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p>Like the \u201coo\u201d in <em>c<u>oo<\/u>p<\/em>, but raise your tongue a little higher.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">!<\/span>\n <p>No initial before it \u2192 spelled <em>w<\/em>. Standing completely alone \u2192 spelled <em>wu<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/wu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">wu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>hu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>gu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>shuai<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>guan<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>wang<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-v\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">\u00fc<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 6 C 4 1, 8 11, 12 6 S 20 1, 26 6 S 32 11, 38 6 S 46 1, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 05<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"u_yu\"><\/span>\u00fc <span class=\"pinyin\">yu<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">no English equivalent \u2014 and its dots vanish after j\u00b7q\u00b7x<\/p>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p>Shape your tongue as if to say \u201ci\u201d, then round your lips. There’s nothing quite like it in English.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">!<\/span>\n <p>No initial, or standing alone \u2192 always spelled <em>yu<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">!<\/span>\n <p>After <em>j, q, x<\/em>, the two dots disappear on the page \u2014 the sound stays exactly the same.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/yu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">yu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>yue<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ju<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>l\u00fc<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>n\u00fc<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"note\">Typing tip: on a standard keyboard, type <strong>v<\/strong> to produce \u201c\u00fc\u201d.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-e\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">e<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 6 C 3 1, 6 11, 9 6 S 15 1, 21 6 S 27 11, 33 6 S 39 1, 45 6 S 50 2, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 06<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"e\"><\/span>e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">four faces, four contexts \u2014 this is the one worth slowing down for<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"rule\" data-rule-idx=\"0\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">1<\/span>\n <p>Alone, or after just <em>one consonant<\/em>: sounds like the \u201cu\u201d in <em>h<u>u<\/u>rry<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ge.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">e<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>he<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ge<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>de<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>zhe<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>she<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\" data-rule-idx=\"1\" style=\"margin-top:26px;\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">2<\/span>\n <p>Right after <em>i, y,<\/em> or <em>yu\/\u00fc<\/em>: sounds like the \u201ce\u201d in <em>l<u>e<\/u>tter<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ye.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">ye<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>yue<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>jue<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xue<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>jie<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xie<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\" data-rule-idx=\"2\" style=\"margin-top:26px;\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">3<\/span>\n <p>As \u201cei\u201d: sounds like the English letter \u201cA\u201d. <em>(Technically a combination final, included here for comparison.)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/hei.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">hei<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>lei<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>fei<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>nei<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>mei<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>bei<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\" data-rule-idx=\"3\" style=\"margin-top:26px;\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">4<\/span>\n <p>As \u201cer\u201d: sounds like \u201cir\u201d in <em>s<u>ir<\/u><\/em>. It only ever appears alone, or attached to a syllable for erhua. <em>(Also technically a combination final.)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/huar-1.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">er<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>huar<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"note note-with-img\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u5355\u97f5\u6bcd.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"note-thumb\">\n <span><strong>Erhua<\/strong> is the process of adding an \u201cr\u201d sound onto a syllable in spoken Mandarin. More on that in the companion article on <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/02\/chinese-compound-word\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chinese Compound Words<\/a>.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <\/main>\n\n <section class=\"quiz\" id=\"quiz\">\n <div class=\"quiz-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Listening_check_%E2%80%94_15_questions\"><\/span>Listening check \u2014 15 questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p>This is a dictation quiz \u2014 every clip below is the site’s own recording. Press play, then pick what you heard. No text hints; train your ear, not your eyes.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <form id=\"quiz-form\">\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"a\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">01<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/a.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which final did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"i\"> i<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"o\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">02<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/o.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which final did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"u\"> u<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"i\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">03<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/i.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which final did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"i\"> i<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"u\"> u<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"u\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">04<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/u.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which final did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"i\"> i<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"u\"> u<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"v\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">05<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/v.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which final did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"i\"> i<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"u\"> u<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"r1\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">06<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/e1.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This \u201ce\u201d sound belongs to which rule?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"r1\"> Rule 1 \u2014 alone or after one consonant<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"r2\"> Rule 2 \u2014 after i, y, or yu\/\u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"r3\"> Rule 3 \u2014 as \u201cei\u201d<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"r4\"> Rule 4 \u2014 as \u201cer\u201d<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"r2\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">07<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/e2.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This \u201ce\u201d sound belongs to which rule?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"r1\"> Rule 1 \u2014 alone or after one consonant<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"r2\"> Rule 2 \u2014 after i, y, or yu\/\u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"r3\"> Rule 3 \u2014 as \u201cei\u201d<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"r4\"> Rule 4 \u2014 as \u201cer\u201d<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"r3\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">08<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ei.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This \u201ce\u201d sound belongs to which rule?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"r1\"> Rule 1 \u2014 alone or after one consonant<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"r2\"> Rule 2 \u2014 after i, y, or yu\/\u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"r3\"> Rule 3 \u2014 as \u201cei\u201d<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"r4\"> Rule 4 \u2014 as \u201cer\u201d<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"r4\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">09<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/er.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This \u201ce\u201d sound belongs to which rule?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"r1\"> Rule 1 \u2014 alone or after one consonant<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"r2\"> Rule 2 \u2014 after i, y, or yu\/\u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"r3\"> Rule 3 \u2014 as \u201cei\u201d<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"r4\"> Rule 4 \u2014 as \u201cer\u201d<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"a\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">10<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ha.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"u\"> u (wu)<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"o\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">11<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/bo.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"i\"> i (yi)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"i\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">12<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/yi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"i\"> i (yi)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"u\"> u (wu)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"u\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">13<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/wu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"i\"> i (yi)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"u\"> u (wu)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"v\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">14<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/yu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"u\"> u (wu)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"e\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">15<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ge.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-actions\">\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"quiz-submit\" id=\"quiz-submit\">Check my answers<\/button>\n <span class=\"quiz-result\" id=\"quiz-result\"><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/form>\n <\/section>\n\n <footer>\n <svg class=\"footer-wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 40\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n <path d=\"M0 20 C 40 2, 80 38, 120 20 S 200 2, 240 20 S 320 38, 360 20 S 440 2, 480 20 S 560 38, 600 20 S 680 2, 720 20 S 780 30, 800 20\"><\/path>\n <\/svg>\n <\/footer>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n \/\/ audio playback\n let currentAudio = null;\n document.querySelectorAll('.play-btn').forEach(btn => {\n btn.addEventListener('click', () => {\n const src = btn.getAttribute('data-src');\n if (currentAudio && !currentAudio.paused) {\n currentAudio.pause();\n currentAudio.currentTime = 0;\n }\n const audio = new Audio(src);\n currentAudio = audio;\n audio.play().catch(() => {});\n });\n });\n\n \/\/ quiz grading\n const quizSubmit = document.getElementById('quiz-submit');\n const quizResult = document.getElementById('quiz-result');\n quizSubmit.addEventListener('click', () => {\n const questions = document.querySelectorAll('.quiz-q');\n let correctCount = 0;\n questions.forEach(q => {\n const answer = q.getAttribute('data-answer');\n const inputs = q.querySelectorAll('input[type=\"radio\"]');\n let picked = null;\n inputs.forEach(input => {\n const label = input.closest('label');\n label.classList.remove('right-answer', 'picked-wrong');\n if (input.checked) picked = input;\n });\n q.classList.remove('graded', 'correct', 'incorrect');\n q.classList.add('graded');\n const isCorrect = picked && picked.value === answer;\n if (isCorrect) correctCount++;\n q.classList.add(isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect');\n inputs.forEach(input => {\n const label = input.closest('label');\n if (input.value === answer) label.classList.add('right-answer');\n else if (picked && input === picked) label.classList.add('picked-wrong');\n });\n });\n quizResult.textContent = `${correctCount} \/ ${questions.length} correct`;\n quizResult.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest' });\n });\n<\/script>\n\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n var REST=[162,98,140,90,112,84,84,84,58,94,40,116,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,120,158,110];\n var TAIL=[34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,120,158,110];\n function P(h,t){return h.concat(t||TAIL);}\n var PA=P([160,112,140,110,112,108,84,106,58,112,40,126],[34,150,34,176,62,176,84,160,112,150,140,134,158,126]);\n var PI=P([160,100,146,50,118,58,90,76,60,90,40,116],[34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,118,158,108]);\n var PU=P([160,102,140,96,108,82,78,54,52,66,38,104]);\n var PO=P([160,102,140,96,110,88,80,68,54,80,40,110]);\n var PE=P([160,100,140,92,110,84,80,70,54,84,40,112]);\n var PE2=P([160,100,142,70,114,70,88,82,60,96,40,116]);\n var PR=[134,52,112,56,124,76,100,100,72,110,46,124,34,150,34,176,62,176,82,160,116,152,152,120,150,82];\n var FLOW='M204 83 H244 M238 79 L244 83 L238 87';\n function E(p,l,c,x){x=x||{};return {p:p,l:l,v:1,rx:x.rx||22,rs:x.rs||1,lp:x.lp||0,p2:x.p2||0,l2:x.l2||0,rx2:x.rx2||0,c:c};}\n var D={\n a:E(PA,[0,12],'Jaw drops; tongue low & flat, lips unrounded.'),\n o:E(PO,[0,-3],'Back of tongue rises to mid; lips rounded.',{rx:15,rs:1.3,lp:5}),\n i:E(PI,[0,-8],'Front of tongue rises close to hard palate; lips spread.',{rx:27}),\n u:E(PU,[0,-8],'Back of tongue rises toward soft palate; lips rounded.',{rx:12,rs:1.1,lp:8}),\n v:E(PI,[0,-8],'Tongue as for i, but with rounded lips.',{rx:15,rs:1.3,lp:5}),\n e:E(PE,[0,-3],'Rule 1: Tongue pulled back mid-height; lips relaxed.'),\n e2:E(PE2,[0,-3],'Rule 2: Tongue pushed forward mid-height; lips slightly spread.',{rx:25}),\n ei:E(PE2,[0,-3],'Rule 3: Tongue glides from e up toward i.',{rx:24,p2:PI,l2:[0,-9],rx2:27}),\n er:E(PR,[0,-3],'Rule 4: Tongue tip curls back slightly.')\n };\n var uid=0;\n function staticSvg(id){\n return ''+\n '<defs>'+\n '<linearGradient id=\"'+id+'_tg\" x1=\"0%\" y1=\"0%\" x2=\"0%\" y2=\"100%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#C25B50\" stop-opacity=\"0.68\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"50%\" stop-color=\"#B23A2E\" stop-opacity=\"0.4\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#8F2E24\" stop-opacity=\"0.16\"\/>'+\n '<\/linearGradient>'+\n '<radialGradient id=\"'+id+'_resGlow\" cx=\"45%\" cy=\"40%\" r=\"55%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0.45\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"60%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0.15\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0\"\/>'+\n '<\/radialGradient>'+\n '<radialGradient id=\"'+id+'_mo\" cx=\"50%\" cy=\"50%\" r=\"55%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"25%\" stop-color=\"#1E1413\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"80%\" stop-color=\"#381D1A\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#4F2622\"\/>'+\n '<\/radialGradient>'+\n '<clipPath id=\"'+id+'\"><ellipse class=\"tg-cl\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"22\" ry=\"8\"\/><\/clipPath>'+\n '<\/defs>'+\n '<g transform=\"translate(332 0) scale(-1 1)\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-res-glow\" d=\"\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_resGlow)\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M20 34 V182\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M52 38 C90 24 136 24 166 48 L170 56\"\/>'+\n '<path d=\"M52 38 C92 30 134 30 166 46\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(91,86,76,0.22)\" stroke-width=\"1.2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3 3\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M166 46 C168 29 176 21 190 17 C202 14 208 21 212 27 L202 33\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line tg-jaw\" d=\"\"\/>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-vel\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-velum-body\" d=\"M52 38 C46 50 40 64 36 71 C35 74 38 75 41 73 C45 68 51 51 55 40 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tongue\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_tg)\" d=\"\"\/>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-up\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-gum\" d=\"M167 50 C171 50 177 52 179 56 L168 56 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tooth\" d=\"M169 56 C172 56 177 56 178 57 L177 73 C174 74 171 74 169 73 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-lip\" d=\"M178 50 C196 52 202 58 202 65 C202 73 194 75 178 75 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-low\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-gum\" d=\"M167 114 C171 114 177 112 179 108 L168 108 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tooth\" d=\"M169 108 C172 108 177 108 178 107 L177 91 C174 90 171 90 169 91 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-lip\" d=\"M178 90 C194 90 202 93 202 101 C202 109 196 115 178 116 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<polygon class=\"tg-vc tg-vl\" points=\"8,170 20,176 8,182\"\/>'+\n '<polygon class=\"tg-vc tg-vr\" points=\"38,170 26,176 38,182\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-aw\" d=\"'+FLOW+'\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-lip-front tg-ol\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"32\" ry=\"21\"\/>'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-mo\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_mo)\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"22\" ry=\"8\"\/>'+\n '<g clip-path=\"url(#'+id+')\">'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-ft\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"101\" rx=\"16\" ry=\"7\"\/>'+\n '<rect class=\"tg-ut tg-front-tooth\" x=\"22\" y=\"88\" width=\"36\" height=\"3.5\" rx=\"1.2\"\/>'+\n '<rect class=\"tg-lt tg-front-tooth\" x=\"22\" y=\"100\" width=\"36\" height=\"3.5\" rx=\"1.2\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"218\" cy=\"27\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"218\" y=\"17\" text-anchor=\"middle\">palate<\/text>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"248\" cy=\"120\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"248\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"middle\">tongue<\/text>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"138\" cy=\"102\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"126\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"end\">lips<\/text>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb tg-lb-front\" x=\"40\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">front<\/text>';\n }\n function ease(x){return x>0.5?1-Math.pow(-2*x+2,2)\/2:2*x*x;}\n function spline(p){\n var n=p.length\/2;\n function g(j){var k=(j+n)%n;return [p[2*k],p[2*k+1]];}\n var s=g(0);\n var d='M'+s[0].toFixed(1)+' '+s[1].toFixed(1);\n for(var i=0;n>i;i++){\n var a=g(i-1),b=g(i),c=g(i+1),e=g(i+2);\n d+='C'+(b[0]+(c[0]-a[0])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+(b[1]+(c[1]-a[1])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+\n (c[0]-(e[0]-b[0])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+(c[1]-(e[1]-b[1])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+\n c[0].toFixed(1)+' '+c[1].toFixed(1);\n }\n return d+'Z';\n }\n function frame(c,t,still){\n var d=c.d,k=0,k2=0,m=t%3200;\n if(600>m){k=ease(m\/600);}\n else if(1900>m){k=1;}\n else if(2400>m){k=1-ease((m-1900)\/500);}\n if(d.p2){k2=Math.min(1,Math.max(0,(m-700)\/900));}\n if(still){k=1;k2=1;}\n var a=Math.max(0,(k-0.5)*2);\n if(still){a=0.9;}\n var pts=[];\n for(var i=0;REST.length>i;i++){\n var tg=d.p[i];\n if(d.p2){tg=d.p[i]+(d.p2[i]-d.p[i])*k2;}\n pts.push(REST[i]+(tg-REST[i])*k);\n }\n c.tongue.setAttribute('d',spline(pts));\n\n \/\/ 70% \u53e3\u8154\u5171\u9cf4\u8154\u52d5\u614b\u67d4\u5149\uff1a\u7cbe\u78ba\u543b\u5408\u4e0a\u984e\u8207\u820c\u9762\u9593\u8ddd\n if(c.resGlow){\n var tTipY = pts[1], tBladeY = pts[3], tBackY = pts[5];\n c.resGlow.setAttribute('d',\n 'M54 '+(38+k*3).toFixed(1)+\n ' C90 '+(25+k*2).toFixed(1)+' 136 26 166 48 L170 56'+\n ' C152 '+(tTipY-6).toFixed(1)+' 112 '+(tBladeY-6).toFixed(1)+' 54 '+(tBackY-2).toFixed(1)+' Z'\n );\n c.resGlow.style.opacity = (0.45 + 0.55 * k).toFixed(2);\n }\n\n var jy=d.l[1];\n if(d.l2){jy=d.l[1]+(d.l2[1]-d.l[1])*k2;}\n var lp=d.lp*k,dy=jy*k,dx=lp;\n c.up.setAttribute('transform','translate('+lp.toFixed(1)+' '+(-dy*0.25).toFixed(1)+')');\n c.low.setAttribute('transform','translate('+dx.toFixed(1)+' '+dy.toFixed(1)+')');\n c.jaw.setAttribute('d','M196 '+(116+dy).toFixed(1)+' C200 '+(152+dy*0.6).toFixed(1)+' 168 '+(168+dy*0.3).toFixed(1)+' 124 '+(166+dy*0.2).toFixed(1)+' C90 164 60 156 46 146');\n c.vel.setAttribute('transform','rotate('+(53*k).toFixed(1)+' 52 38)');\n var vb=0;\n if(k>0.5){vb=1.4+1.4*Math.sin(t\/40);}\n c.vl.setAttribute('transform','translate('+vb.toFixed(2)+' 0)');\n c.vr.setAttribute('transform','translate('+(-vb).toFixed(2)+' 0)');\n var rt=d.rx;\n if(d.rx2){rt=d.rx+(d.rx2-d.rx)*k2;}\n var rx=22+(rt-22)*k;\n var rs=1+(d.rs-1)*k;\n var ry=Math.max(1.2,(14+dy)*0.57*rs);\n c.ol.setAttribute('rx',(rx+10).toFixed(1));\n c.mo.setAttribute('rx',rx.toFixed(1));\n c.cl.setAttribute('rx',rx.toFixed(1));\n c.mo.setAttribute('ry',ry.toFixed(2));\n c.cl.setAttribute('ry',ry.toFixed(2));\n var tw=rx*1.64;\n c.ut.setAttribute('width',tw.toFixed(1));\n c.lt.setAttribute('width',tw.toFixed(1));\n c.ut.setAttribute('x',(40-tw\/2).toFixed(1));\n c.lt.setAttribute('x',(40-tw\/2).toFixed(1));\n c.ut.setAttribute('y',(96-ry).toFixed(2));\n c.lt.setAttribute('y',(96+ry-3.5).toFixed(2));\n var o=Math.min(1,Math.max(0,(ry-1.8)\/2)).toFixed(2);\n c.ut.style.opacity=o;\n c.lt.style.opacity=o;\n c.ft.setAttribute('cy',(96+ry-3-(98-pts[1])*0.3).toFixed(2));\n c.air.style.opacity=a.toFixed(2);\n }\n\n function build(key, glyph){\n var d=D[key];\n if(!d){return null;}\n uid=uid+1;\n var box=document.createElement('div');\n box.className='tg-wrap';\n\n var tabsHtml = '';\n if(key === 'e'){\n tabsHtml = '<div class=\"tg-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">' +\n '<button type=\"button\" class=\"tg-tab active\" data-rule=\"e\" title=\"Rule 1\">1<\/button>' +\n '<button type=\"button\" class=\"tg-tab\" data-rule=\"e2\" title=\"Rule 2\">2<\/button>' +\n '<button type=\"button\" class=\"tg-tab\" data-rule=\"ei\" title=\"Rule 3\">3<\/button>' +\n '<button type=\"button\" class=\"tg-tab\" data-rule=\"er\" title=\"Rule 4\">4<\/button>' +\n '<\/div>';\n }\n\n var labelName = (key === 'v' ? '\u00fc' : key).toUpperCase();\n box.innerHTML =\n '<div class=\"tg-meta\">' +\n '<span class=\"tg-badge\">Mouth \u00b7 ' + labelName + '<\/span>' +\n tabsHtml +\n '<\/div>' +\n '<svg class=\"tg-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 190\" width=\"340\" height=\"190\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Mouth cross-section for ' + key + '\">' +\n staticSvg('tgclip' + uid) +\n '<\/svg>' +\n '<p class=\"tg-cap\">' + d.c + '<\/p>';\n\n glyph.appendChild(box);\n\n var c={\n key:key, d:d, box:box, t0:performance.now(),\n cap:box.querySelector('.tg-cap'),\n tongue:box.querySelector('.tg-tongue'),\n resGlow:box.querySelector('.tg-res-glow'),\n up:box.querySelector('.tg-up'),\n low:box.querySelector('.tg-low'),\n jaw:box.querySelector('.tg-jaw'),\n vel:box.querySelector('.tg-vel'),\n vl:box.querySelector('.tg-vl'),\n vr:box.querySelector('.tg-vr'),\n ol:box.querySelector('.tg-ol'),\n mo:box.querySelector('.tg-mo'),\n cl:box.querySelector('.tg-cl'),\n ut:box.querySelector('.tg-ut'),\n lt:box.querySelector('.tg-lt'),\n ft:box.querySelector('.tg-ft'),\n air:box.querySelector('.tg-aw')\n };\n\n \/\/ \u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c\u7acb\u5373\u5f37\u5236\u7e6a\u88fd\u521d\u59cb\u975c\u614b\u5e40\uff08\u78ba\u4fdd\u7d55\u4e0d\u7559\u767d\uff09\n frame(c, 0, false);\n\n box.addEventListener('click', function(e){\n if(e.target.classList.contains('tg-tab')) return;\n c.t0 = performance.now();\n });\n\n if(key === 'e'){\n var tabs = box.querySelectorAll('.tg-tab');\n tabs.forEach(function(tab){\n tab.addEventListener('click', function(e){\n e.stopPropagation();\n tabs.forEach(function(t){ t.classList.remove('active'); });\n tab.classList.add('active');\n var ruleKey = tab.getAttribute('data-rule');\n if(D[ruleKey]){\n c.d = D[ruleKey];\n c.t0 = performance.now();\n c.cap.textContent = D[ruleKey].c;\n }\n });\n });\n\n var sec = glyph.closest('section.final');\n if(sec){\n var rules = sec.querySelectorAll('.rule');\n rules.forEach(function(r, i){\n r.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n r.addEventListener('click', function(){\n if(tabs[i]) tabs[i].click();\n });\n });\n }\n }\n\n return c;\n }\n\n function go(){\n var cards=[];\n document.querySelectorAll('section.final').forEach(function(sec){\n var l = sec.querySelector('.stamp .letter');\n if(!l){return;}\n var key = l.textContent.trim().toLowerCase();\n if(key === '\u00fc' || key === '\\u00fc'){key = 'v';}\n var glyph = sec.querySelector('.final-glyph');\n if(glyph){\n var c = build(key, glyph);\n if(c){cards.push(c);}\n }\n });\n\n var reduce = window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;\n if(reduce){\n cards.forEach(function(c){frame(c, 0, true);});\n return;\n }\n\n function loop(now){\n cards.forEach(function(c){\n frame(c, now - c.t0, false);\n });\n requestAnimationFrame(loop);\n }\n requestAnimationFrame(loop);\n }\n\n if(document.readyState === 'loading'){\n document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', go);\n } else {\n go();\n }\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ko-fi.com\/tiffanystalk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"58\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-570\" style=\"width:150px;height:29px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-600x115.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-1024x197.png 1024w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-768x148.png 768w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-1536x296.png 1536w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-2048x394.png 2048w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-850x164.png 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Do you like it? \ud83d\ude42<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/hanyupinyin\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-571\" style=\"width:150px;height:43px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-600x171.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u55ae\u97fb\u6bcd \/ \u5355\u97f5\u6bcd \u00b7 Simple Finals \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese \u97f3 OneDotDot Chinese \u00b7 Pronunciation \u55ae\u97fb\u6bcd\u5355\u97f5\u6bcdSimple Finals Six vowel sounds carry most of Mandarin’s pronunciation, and most of its traps. This is a listening-first guide to a \u00b7 o \u00b7 i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc \u00b7 e \u2014 what each one sounds like, how it changes…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[130],"class_list":["post-1464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk1","tag-hanyu-pinyin"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Hanyu Pinyin - Simple Finals - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"e (the most complicated one): When "e" appears by itself or with one consonant (not one syllable) before it, it sounds similar to the "u" sound of the English word "hurry".\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/hanyu-pinyin3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hanyu Pinyin - Simple Finals - OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"e (the most complicated one): When "e" appears by itself or with one consonant (not one syllable) before it, it sounds similar to the "u" sound of the English word "hurry".\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/hanyu-pinyin3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-01T10:29:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-23T02:11:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiffany\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiffany\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiffany\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\"},\"headline\":\"Hanyu Pinyin – Simple Finals\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-01T10:29:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-23T02:11:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":820,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png\",\"keywords\":[\"hanyu pinyin\"],\"articleSection\":[\"HSK 1\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/\",\"name\":\"Hanyu Pinyin - 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<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \u55ae\u97fb\u6bcd \/ \u5355\u97f5\u6bcd \u00b7 Simple Finals \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin=\"\">\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,400;9..144,500;9..144,600;9..144,700&family=Noto+Serif+TC:wght@500;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <style>\n :root{\n --paper:#FFFFFF;\n --paper-dim:#F7F4EE;\n --ink:#2A2723;\n --ink-soft:#5B564C;\n --seal:#B23A2E;\n --seal-dim:#8f2e24;\n --bamboo:#4F6F52;\n --gold:#AD8A4D;\n --line: rgba(42,39,35,0.13);\n --radius: 3px;\n }\n *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}\n body{\n margin:0;\n background:var(--paper);\n color:var(--ink);\n font-family:'Inter', sans-serif;\n }\n\n .wrap{\n position:relative;\n z-index:1;\n max-width:920px;\n margin:0 auto;\n padding:0 24px;\n background:#FFFFFF;\n background-image:\n radial-gradient(circle at 12% 4%, rgba(178,58,46,0.06), transparent 45%);\n }\n\n .wrap::before{\n content:\"\";\n position:absolute;\n inset:0;\n pointer-events:none;\n opacity:0.25;\n z-index:-1;\n background-image:\n repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(42,39,35,0.015) 0px, rgba(42,39,35,0.015) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- HERO ---------- *\/\n header.hero{\n padding:72px 0 56px;\n position:relative;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .eyebrow{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.18em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n margin-bottom:22px;\n }\n .eyebrow::before{\n content:\"\";\n width:26px; 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gap:6px; flex-wrap:wrap;\n align-items:center;\n }\n nav.finals-nav a{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:14px;\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n padding:6px 14px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:100px;\n transition:all .2s ease;\n white-space:nowrap;\n }\n nav.finals-nav a:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- SERIES STEPPER ---------- *\/\n section.series{\n padding:40px 0 8px;\n }\n .series-eyebrow{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n letter-spacing:0.14em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n display:block;\n margin-bottom:14px;\n }\n .series-steps{\n display:grid;\n grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(170px, 1fr));\n gap:12px;\n }\n .step{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:6px;\n padding:18px 18px 16px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n transition:border-color .2s ease, background .2s ease, transform .2s ease;\n background:var(--paper);\n }\n a.step:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n transform:translateY(-1px);\n }\n .step .step-num{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:11px;\n color:var(--gold);\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n }\n .step .step-title{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:17px;\n }\n .step .step-desc{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n }\n .step.current{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.05);\n }\n .step.current .step-num{color:var(--seal);}\n .step.current .step-title{color:var(--seal);}\n @media (max-width:640px){\n .series-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr;}\n }\n\n \/* ---------- INITIALS REFERENCE ---------- *\/\n section.reference{\n padding:56px 0;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n section.reference h3{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:22px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 6px;\n }\n section.reference > p{\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n margin:0 0 26px;\n max-width:560px;\n line-height:1.6;\n }\n .ref-group{\n margin-bottom:20px;\n }\n .ref-group-head{\n display:flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n justify-content:space-between;\n margin-bottom:10px;\n }\n .ref-group-head span.label{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--bamboo);\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n }\n .ref-group-head a{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--seal);\n text-decoration:none;\n border-bottom:1px dotted var(--seal);\n }\n .chip-row{\n display:flex;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:8px;\n }\n .chip{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13.5px;\n padding:7px 13px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:100px;\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n background:var(--paper-dim);\n transition:all .2s ease;\n }\n .chip:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- MAIN SECTIONS ---------- *\/\n main{padding:64px 0 40px;}\n section.final{\n display:grid;\n grid-template-columns:220px 1fr;\n gap:38px;\n padding:52px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n scroll-margin-top:76px;\n opacity:1;\n }\n section.final:last-of-type{border-bottom:none;}\n\n \/* \u5de6\u5074\u5b57\u5370\u8207\u820c\u4f4d\u5716\u6b04\u4f4d\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5bec\u5ea6\u907f\u514d\u7e2e\u6241 *\/\n .final-glyph{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n align-items:flex-start;\n gap:8px;\n width:212px;\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n \n \/* \u7e2e\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u65b9\u5f62\u5b57\u5361 (52px \u00d7 52px) *\/\n .stamp{\n width:52px; height:52px;\n background:var(--seal);\n border-radius:4px;\n position:relative;\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n .stamp::before{\n content:\"\";\n position:absolute; inset:3px;\n border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\n border-radius:2px;\n }\n .stamp .letter{\n font-family:'Noto Serif TC', serif;\n font-weight:700;\n font-size:23px;\n color:#F4E9DD;\n line-height:1;\n }\n .wave{\n width:52px; height:12px;\n margin-top:2px;\n }\n .wave path{\n fill:none;\n stroke:var(--gold);\n stroke-width:1.4;\n stroke-linecap:round;\n }\n .final-tag{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:11px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n margin-bottom:2px;\n }\n\n .final-body h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:30px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 4px;\n display:flex; align-items:baseline; gap:10px;\n }\n .final-body h2 .pinyin{\n color:var(--seal);\n }\n .final-body .subhead{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13px;\n color:var(--bamboo);\n margin:0 0 20px;\n }\n\n .rule{\n display:flex; gap:14px; align-items:flex-start;\n margin-bottom:20px;\n transition:opacity .15s ease;\n }\n .rule-num{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--gold);\n padding-top:3px;\n flex-shrink:0;\n width:16px;\n }\n .rule p{\n margin:0;\n font-size:16px;\n line-height:1.7;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n .rule p em{\n font-style:normal;\n color:var(--seal);\n border-bottom:1px dotted var(--seal);\n }\n\n .example-row{\n display:flex; align-items:center; gap:12px;\n background:var(--paper-dim);\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n padding:12px 16px;\n margin:14px 0 6px;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n }\n .play-btn{\n width:34px; height:34px;\n border-radius:50%;\n border:1px solid var(--seal);\n background:transparent;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n cursor:pointer;\n flex-shrink:0;\n transition:all .2s ease;\n padding:0;\n }\n .play-btn:hover{background:var(--seal); color:#F4E9DD;}\n .play-btn svg{width:13px; height:13px;}\n .example-syllables{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:15px;\n letter-spacing:0.02em;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n .example-syllables .sep{color:var(--gold); margin:0 3px;}\n\n .note{\n font-size:13.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n background:rgba(79,111,82,0.08);\n border-left:2px solid var(--bamboo);\n padding:10px 14px;\n margin-top:18px;\n line-height:1.6;\n }\n .note a{color:var(--bamboo);}\n .note-with-img{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:12px;\n }\n .note-thumb{\n width:51px;\n height:51px;\n object-fit:cover;\n border-radius:3px;\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n\n \/* ---------- COMPACT TONGUE DIAGRAM UNDER CARD ---------- *\/\n .tg-wrap{\n display:block;\n width:212px;\n max-width:212px;\n background:#FAF8F5;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:6px;\n padding:9px 9px 10px;\n cursor:pointer;\n margin-top:4px;\n box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(42,39,35,0.03);\n transition:border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease;\n }\n .tg-wrap:hover{\n border-color:rgba(178,58,46,0.35);\n box-shadow:0 3px 12px rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n .tg-meta{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n justify-content:space-between;\n margin-bottom:7px;\n padding-bottom:5px;\n border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);\n }\n .tg-badge{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:10px;\n font-weight:600;\n color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.08);\n padding:2px 6px;\n border-radius:3px;\n letter-spacing:0.04em;\n }\n .tg-tabs{\n display:flex;\n gap:3px;\n }\n .tg-tab{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:9.5px;\n font-weight:600;\n padding:1px 5px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n background:var(--paper);\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n border-radius:3px;\n cursor:pointer;\n line-height:1.2;\n transition:all .15s ease;\n }\n .tg-tab:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n color:var(--seal);\n }\n .tg-tab.active{\n background:var(--seal);\n color:#F4E9DD;\n border-color:var(--seal);\n }\n .tg-svg{\n display:block;\n width:100%;\n height:auto;\n }\n .tg-line{\n fill:none;\n stroke:#3D3833;\n stroke-width:2.2;\n stroke-linecap:round;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-velum-body{\n fill:#EAE3D6;\n stroke:#3D3833;\n stroke-width:1.6;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-gum{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.22);\n }\n .tg-tooth{\n fill:#FFFFFF;\n stroke:#6E685E;\n stroke-width:1.2;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-front-tooth{\n fill:#FFFFFF;\n stroke:#6E685E;\n stroke-width:0.9;\n }\n .tg-lip{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.28);\n stroke:var(--seal);\n stroke-width:1.6;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-lip-front{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.25);\n stroke:var(--seal);\n stroke-width:1.5;\n }\n .tg-tongue{\n stroke:var(--seal);\n stroke-width:2;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-ft{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.45);\n }\n .tg-vc{\n fill:#6E685E;\n }\n .tg-aw{\n fill:none;\n stroke:#2E8B7E;\n stroke-width:2.2;\n stroke-linecap:round;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n opacity:0;\n }\n .tg-dot{\n fill:var(--gold);\n }\n .tg-lb{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:10px;\n font-weight:600;\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n fill:var(--ink-soft);\n stroke:none;\n }\n .tg-lb-front{\n font-size:9px;\n fill:var(--gold);\n }\n .tg-cap{\n font-size:11.5px;\n line-height:1.45;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n margin:7px 2px 0;\n padding-top:6px;\n border-top:1px dashed var(--line);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- QUIZ ---------- *\/\n section.quiz{\n padding:56px 0 64px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-head{margin-bottom:32px;}\n .quiz-head h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:30px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 8px;\n }\n .quiz-head p{\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n max-width:560px;\n line-height:1.6;\n margin:0;\n }\n .quiz-q{\n padding:22px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-q:first-of-type{padding-top:0;}\n .quiz-question{\n font-size:16px;\n margin:0 0 14px;\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:10px;\n }\n .quiz-question .qnum{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n color:var(--gold);\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n .quiz-options{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:8px;\n }\n .quiz-options label{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n font-size:14.5px;\n padding:9px 12px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:border-color .15s ease, background .15s ease;\n }\n .quiz-options label:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n }\n .quiz-options input{accent-color:var(--seal);}\n .quiz-q.graded.correct{border-left:3px solid var(--bamboo); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded.incorrect{border-left:3px solid var(--seal); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.right-answer{\n border-color:var(--bamboo);\n background:rgba(79,111,82,0.08);\n }\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.picked-wrong{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n .quiz-actions{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:16px;\n margin-top:28px;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n }\n .quiz-submit{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.04em;\n color:#F4E9DD;\n background:var(--seal);\n border:none;\n padding:12px 24px;\n border-radius:100px;\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:background .2s ease;\n }\n .quiz-submit:hover{background:var(--seal-dim);}\n .quiz-result{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:14px;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- FOOTER ---------- *\/\n footer{\n padding:56px 0 72px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n margin-top:12px;\n }\n .footer-wave{\n width:100%; height:40px;\n margin-bottom:28px;\n opacity:0.5;\n }\n .footer-wave path{fill:none; stroke:var(--seal); stroke-width:1;}\n footer p{\n font-size:13.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n line-height:1.7;\n max-width:520px;\n }\n footer a{color:var(--seal); text-decoration:none; border-bottom:1px solid rgba(178,58,46,0.3);}\n\n @media (max-width:640px){\n .wrap{padding:0 14px;}\n section.final{grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:20px;}\n .final-glyph{\n width:100%;\n flex-direction:row;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n align-items:center;\n gap:12px;\n }\n .stamp{width:42px; height:42px;}\n .stamp .letter{font-size:19px;}\n .wave{display:none;}\n .tg-wrap{width:100%; max-width:280px; margin-top:8px;}\n header.hero{padding:52px 0 40px;}\n .hero-stamp{width:64px;height:64px; top:48px;}\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <div class=\"hero-stamp\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\">\n <rect x=\"4\" y=\"4\" width=\"92\" height=\"92\" rx=\"8\" fill=\"#B23A2E\"><\/rect>\n <rect x=\"12\" y=\"12\" width=\"76\" height=\"76\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.5)\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/rect>\n <text x=\"50\" y=\"66\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"'Noto Serif TC', serif\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"46\" fill=\"#F4E9DD\">\u97f3<\/text>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"eyebrow\">OneDotDot Chinese \u00b7 Pronunciation<\/div>\n <h1 class=\"hero-title\"><span class=\"cjk\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ae\u97fb\u6bcd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5355\u97f5\u6bcd<\/span><\/span>Simple Finals<\/h1>\n <p class=\"hero-sub\">Six vowel sounds carry most of Mandarin’s pronunciation, and most of its traps. This is a listening-first guide to <strong>a \u00b7 o \u00b7 i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc \u00b7 e<\/strong> \u2014 what each one sounds like, how it changes shape next to certain consonants, and where English intuition will lead you astray.<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <section class=\"series\">\n <span class=\"series-eyebrow\">Hanyu Pinyin \u00b7 a 5-part foundation<\/span>\n <div class=\"series-steps\">\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">01<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 1<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">b p m f \u00b7 d t n l \u00b7 g k h<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">02<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 2<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">j q x \u00b7 zh ch sh r \u00b7 z c s<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <span class=\"step current\" aria-current=\"page\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">03<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Simple Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">a \u00b7 o \u00b7 i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc \u00b7 e \u2014 you are here<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/03\/compound-finals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">04<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Compound Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">ai\u00b7ei\u00b7ao\u00b7ou \u00b7 an\u00b7eng\u00b7ong \u00b7 er, +more<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/02\/22\/pinyin-spelling-rules\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">05<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Spelling Rules<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">spacing \u00b7 tones \u00b7 y\/w\/yu \u00b7 erhua<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"reference\">\n <h3>Before the finals: the 21 initials<\/h3>\n <p>Every Mandarin syllable pairs an initial (a consonant) with a final (the vowel sound covered below). If the initials aren’t solid yet, these link straight to the matching section of Part 1 and Part 2.<\/p>\n <div class=\"ref-group\">\n <div class=\"ref-group-head\">\n <span class=\"label\">Part 1<\/span>\n <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read Part 1 \u2192<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"chip-row\">\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#b_p_m_f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">b<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#b_p_m_f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">p<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#b_p_m_f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#b_p_m_f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">f<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#d_t_n_l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#d_t_n_l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">t<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#d_t_n_l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">n<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#d_t_n_l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">l<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#g_k_h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">g<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#g_k_h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">k<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/#g_k_h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">h<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"ref-group\">\n <div class=\"ref-group-head\">\n <span class=\"label\">Part 2<\/span>\n <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read Part 2 \u2192<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"chip-row\">\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#j_q_x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">j<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#j_q_x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">q<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#j_q_x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">x<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#zh_ch_sh_r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zh<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#zh_ch_sh_r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ch<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#zh_ch_sh_r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sh<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#zh_ch_sh_r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">r<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#z_c_s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">z<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#z_c_s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c<\/a>\n <a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/#z_c_s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">s<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <nav class=\"finals-nav\">\n <div class=\"row\">\n <a href=\"#final-a\">a<\/a>\n <a href=\"#final-o\">o<\/a>\n <a href=\"#final-i\">i \u00b7 yi<\/a>\n <a href=\"#final-u\">u \u00b7 wu<\/a>\n <a href=\"#final-v\">\u00fc<\/a>\n <a href=\"#final-e\">e<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/nav>\n\n <main>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-a\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">a<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 6 C 5 1, 10 11, 15 6 S 25 1, 30 6 S 40 11, 45 6 S 50 2, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 01<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_a_a_a_a\"><\/span>a <span class=\"pinyin\">\u0101 \u00e1 \u01ce \u00e0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">the open one \u2014 nothing changes it<\/p>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p>Like the \u201ca\u201d in the English word <em>h<u>a<\/u><\/em>. Mouth wide open, no surprises.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ha.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">ha<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>la<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ma<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>za<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ta<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>fa<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-o\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">o<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 6 C 7 1, 7 11, 15 6 S 22 1, 30 6 S 37 11, 45 6 S 50 3, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 02<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"o_o_o_o_o\"><\/span>o <span class=\"pinyin\">\u014d \u00f3 \u01d2 \u00f2<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">rounds into \u201cuo\u201d after b \u00b7 p \u00b7 m \u00b7 f<\/p>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p>Like the \u201co\u201d in <em>Orange<\/em> \u2014 lips rounded.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">!<\/span>\n <p>But paired with the initials <em>b, p, m, f<\/em>, \u201co\u201d quietly becomes \u201cuo\u201d in sound.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/bo.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">o<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>bo<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>mo<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>po<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>fo<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-i\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">i<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 8 C 5 2, 10 2, 15 8 S 25 2, 30 8 S 40 2, 45 8 S 50 3, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 03<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i_yi\"><\/span>i <span class=\"pinyin\">yi<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">spelled \u201cy\u201d or \u201cyi\u201d with no initial in front<\/p>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p>Like the \u201cee\u201d in <em>sh<u>ee<\/u>p<\/em>, but raise your tongue a little higher.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">!<\/span>\n <p>No initial before it \u2192 spelled <em>y<\/em>. Standing completely alone \u2192 spelled <em>yi<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/yi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">yi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ji<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>qie<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>liang<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>biao<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-u\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">u<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 6 C 10 1, 10 11, 20 6 S 30 1, 30 11 S 40 1, 45 6 S 50 3, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 04<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"u_wu\"><\/span>u <span class=\"pinyin\">wu<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">spelled \u201cw\u201d or \u201cwu\u201d with no initial in front<\/p>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p>Like the \u201coo\u201d in <em>c<u>oo<\/u>p<\/em>, but raise your tongue a little higher.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">!<\/span>\n <p>No initial before it \u2192 spelled <em>w<\/em>. Standing completely alone \u2192 spelled <em>wu<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/wu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">wu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>hu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>gu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>shuai<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>guan<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>wang<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-v\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">\u00fc<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 6 C 4 1, 8 11, 12 6 S 20 1, 26 6 S 32 11, 38 6 S 46 1, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 05<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"u_yu\"><\/span>\u00fc <span class=\"pinyin\">yu<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">no English equivalent \u2014 and its dots vanish after j\u00b7q\u00b7x<\/p>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">\u2014<\/span>\n <p>Shape your tongue as if to say \u201ci\u201d, then round your lips. There’s nothing quite like it in English.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">!<\/span>\n <p>No initial, or standing alone \u2192 always spelled <em>yu<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rule\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">!<\/span>\n <p>After <em>j, q, x<\/em>, the two dots disappear on the page \u2014 the sound stays exactly the same.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/yu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">yu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>yue<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ju<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>l\u00fc<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>n\u00fc<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"note\">Typing tip: on a standard keyboard, type <strong>v<\/strong> to produce \u201c\u00fc\u201d.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"final\" id=\"final-e\">\n <div class=\"final-glyph\">\n <div class=\"stamp\"><span class=\"letter\">e<\/span><\/div>\n <svg class=\"wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 52 12\"><path d=\"M0 6 C 3 1, 6 11, 9 6 S 15 1, 21 6 S 27 11, 33 6 S 39 1, 45 6 S 50 2, 52 6\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <span class=\"final-tag\">final 06<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"final-body\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"e\"><\/span>e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">four faces, four contexts \u2014 this is the one worth slowing down for<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"rule\" data-rule-idx=\"0\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">1<\/span>\n <p>Alone, or after just <em>one consonant<\/em>: sounds like the \u201cu\u201d in <em>h<u>u<\/u>rry<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ge.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">e<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>he<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ge<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>de<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>zhe<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>she<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\" data-rule-idx=\"1\" style=\"margin-top:26px;\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">2<\/span>\n <p>Right after <em>i, y,<\/em> or <em>yu\/\u00fc<\/em>: sounds like the \u201ce\u201d in <em>l<u>e<\/u>tter<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ye.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">ye<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>yue<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>jue<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xue<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>jie<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xie<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\" data-rule-idx=\"2\" style=\"margin-top:26px;\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">3<\/span>\n <p>As \u201cei\u201d: sounds like the English letter \u201cA\u201d. <em>(Technically a combination final, included here for comparison.)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/hei.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">hei<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>lei<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>fei<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>nei<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>mei<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>bei<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"rule\" data-rule-idx=\"3\" style=\"margin-top:26px;\">\n <span class=\"rule-num\">4<\/span>\n <p>As \u201cer\u201d: sounds like \u201cir\u201d in <em>s<u>ir<\/u><\/em>. It only ever appears alone, or attached to a syllable for erhua. <em>(Also technically a combination final.)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/huar-1.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">er<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>huar<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"note note-with-img\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u5355\u97f5\u6bcd.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"note-thumb\">\n <span><strong>Erhua<\/strong> is the process of adding an \u201cr\u201d sound onto a syllable in spoken Mandarin. More on that in the companion article on <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/02\/chinese-compound-word\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chinese Compound Words<\/a>.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <\/main>\n\n <section class=\"quiz\" id=\"quiz\">\n <div class=\"quiz-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Listening_check_%E2%80%94_15_questions\"><\/span>Listening check \u2014 15 questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p>This is a dictation quiz \u2014 every clip below is the site’s own recording. Press play, then pick what you heard. No text hints; train your ear, not your eyes.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <form id=\"quiz-form\">\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"a\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">01<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/a.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which final did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"i\"> i<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"o\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">02<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/o.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which final did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"u\"> u<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"i\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">03<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/i.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which final did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"i\"> i<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"u\"> u<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"u\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">04<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/u.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which final did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"i\"> i<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"u\"> u<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"v\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">05<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/v.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which final did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"i\"> i<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"u\"> u<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"r1\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">06<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/e1.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This \u201ce\u201d sound belongs to which rule?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"r1\"> Rule 1 \u2014 alone or after one consonant<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"r2\"> Rule 2 \u2014 after i, y, or yu\/\u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"r3\"> Rule 3 \u2014 as \u201cei\u201d<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"r4\"> Rule 4 \u2014 as \u201cer\u201d<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"r2\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">07<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/e2.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This \u201ce\u201d sound belongs to which rule?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"r1\"> Rule 1 \u2014 alone or after one consonant<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"r2\"> Rule 2 \u2014 after i, y, or yu\/\u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"r3\"> Rule 3 \u2014 as \u201cei\u201d<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"r4\"> Rule 4 \u2014 as \u201cer\u201d<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"r3\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">08<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ei.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This \u201ce\u201d sound belongs to which rule?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"r1\"> Rule 1 \u2014 alone or after one consonant<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"r2\"> Rule 2 \u2014 after i, y, or yu\/\u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"r3\"> Rule 3 \u2014 as \u201cei\u201d<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"r4\"> Rule 4 \u2014 as \u201cer\u201d<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"r4\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">09<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/er.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This \u201ce\u201d sound belongs to which rule?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"r1\"> Rule 1 \u2014 alone or after one consonant<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"r2\"> Rule 2 \u2014 after i, y, or yu\/\u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"r3\"> Rule 3 \u2014 as \u201cei\u201d<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"r4\"> Rule 4 \u2014 as \u201cer\u201d<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"a\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">10<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ha.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"u\"> u (wu)<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"o\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">11<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/bo.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"i\"> i (yi)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"i\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">12<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/yi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"i\"> i (yi)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"u\"> u (wu)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"u\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">13<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/wu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"i\"> i (yi)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"u\"> u (wu)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"v\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">14<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/yu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"u\"> u (wu)<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"e\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">15<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ge.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables all belongs to which final family?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"e\"> e<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"o\"> o<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"a\"> a<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"v\"> \u00fc<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-actions\">\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"quiz-submit\" id=\"quiz-submit\">Check my answers<\/button>\n <span class=\"quiz-result\" id=\"quiz-result\"><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/form>\n <\/section>\n\n <footer>\n <svg class=\"footer-wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 40\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n <path d=\"M0 20 C 40 2, 80 38, 120 20 S 200 2, 240 20 S 320 38, 360 20 S 440 2, 480 20 S 560 38, 600 20 S 680 2, 720 20 S 780 30, 800 20\"><\/path>\n <\/svg>\n <\/footer>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n \/\/ audio playback\n let currentAudio = null;\n document.querySelectorAll('.play-btn').forEach(btn => {\n btn.addEventListener('click', () => {\n const src = btn.getAttribute('data-src');\n if (currentAudio && !currentAudio.paused) {\n currentAudio.pause();\n currentAudio.currentTime = 0;\n }\n const audio = new Audio(src);\n currentAudio = audio;\n audio.play().catch(() => {});\n });\n });\n\n \/\/ quiz grading\n const quizSubmit = document.getElementById('quiz-submit');\n const quizResult = document.getElementById('quiz-result');\n quizSubmit.addEventListener('click', () => {\n const questions = document.querySelectorAll('.quiz-q');\n let correctCount = 0;\n questions.forEach(q => {\n const answer = q.getAttribute('data-answer');\n const inputs = q.querySelectorAll('input[type=\"radio\"]');\n let picked = null;\n inputs.forEach(input => {\n const label = input.closest('label');\n label.classList.remove('right-answer', 'picked-wrong');\n if (input.checked) picked = input;\n });\n q.classList.remove('graded', 'correct', 'incorrect');\n q.classList.add('graded');\n const isCorrect = picked && picked.value === answer;\n if (isCorrect) correctCount++;\n q.classList.add(isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect');\n inputs.forEach(input => {\n const label = input.closest('label');\n if (input.value === answer) label.classList.add('right-answer');\n else if (picked && input === picked) label.classList.add('picked-wrong');\n });\n });\n quizResult.textContent = `${correctCount} \/ ${questions.length} correct`;\n quizResult.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest' });\n });\n<\/script>\n\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n var REST=[162,98,140,90,112,84,84,84,58,94,40,116,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,120,158,110];\n var TAIL=[34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,120,158,110];\n function P(h,t){return h.concat(t||TAIL);}\n var PA=P([160,112,140,110,112,108,84,106,58,112,40,126],[34,150,34,176,62,176,84,160,112,150,140,134,158,126]);\n var PI=P([160,100,146,50,118,58,90,76,60,90,40,116],[34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,118,158,108]);\n var PU=P([160,102,140,96,108,82,78,54,52,66,38,104]);\n var PO=P([160,102,140,96,110,88,80,68,54,80,40,110]);\n var PE=P([160,100,140,92,110,84,80,70,54,84,40,112]);\n var PE2=P([160,100,142,70,114,70,88,82,60,96,40,116]);\n var PR=[134,52,112,56,124,76,100,100,72,110,46,124,34,150,34,176,62,176,82,160,116,152,152,120,150,82];\n var FLOW='M204 83 H244 M238 79 L244 83 L238 87';\n function E(p,l,c,x){x=x||{};return {p:p,l:l,v:1,rx:x.rx||22,rs:x.rs||1,lp:x.lp||0,p2:x.p2||0,l2:x.l2||0,rx2:x.rx2||0,c:c};}\n var D={\n a:E(PA,[0,12],'Jaw drops; tongue low & flat, lips unrounded.'),\n o:E(PO,[0,-3],'Back of tongue rises to mid; lips rounded.',{rx:15,rs:1.3,lp:5}),\n i:E(PI,[0,-8],'Front of tongue rises close to hard palate; lips spread.',{rx:27}),\n u:E(PU,[0,-8],'Back of tongue rises toward soft palate; lips rounded.',{rx:12,rs:1.1,lp:8}),\n v:E(PI,[0,-8],'Tongue as for i, but with rounded lips.',{rx:15,rs:1.3,lp:5}),\n e:E(PE,[0,-3],'Rule 1: Tongue pulled back mid-height; lips relaxed.'),\n e2:E(PE2,[0,-3],'Rule 2: Tongue pushed forward mid-height; lips slightly spread.',{rx:25}),\n ei:E(PE2,[0,-3],'Rule 3: Tongue glides from e up toward i.',{rx:24,p2:PI,l2:[0,-9],rx2:27}),\n er:E(PR,[0,-3],'Rule 4: Tongue tip curls back slightly.')\n };\n var uid=0;\n function staticSvg(id){\n return ''+\n '<defs>'+\n '<linearGradient id=\"'+id+'_tg\" x1=\"0%\" y1=\"0%\" x2=\"0%\" y2=\"100%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#C25B50\" stop-opacity=\"0.68\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"50%\" stop-color=\"#B23A2E\" stop-opacity=\"0.4\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#8F2E24\" stop-opacity=\"0.16\"\/>'+\n '<\/linearGradient>'+\n '<radialGradient id=\"'+id+'_resGlow\" cx=\"45%\" cy=\"40%\" r=\"55%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0.45\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"60%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0.15\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0\"\/>'+\n '<\/radialGradient>'+\n '<radialGradient id=\"'+id+'_mo\" cx=\"50%\" cy=\"50%\" r=\"55%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"25%\" stop-color=\"#1E1413\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"80%\" stop-color=\"#381D1A\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#4F2622\"\/>'+\n '<\/radialGradient>'+\n '<clipPath id=\"'+id+'\"><ellipse class=\"tg-cl\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"22\" ry=\"8\"\/><\/clipPath>'+\n '<\/defs>'+\n '<g transform=\"translate(332 0) scale(-1 1)\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-res-glow\" d=\"\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_resGlow)\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M20 34 V182\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M52 38 C90 24 136 24 166 48 L170 56\"\/>'+\n '<path d=\"M52 38 C92 30 134 30 166 46\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(91,86,76,0.22)\" stroke-width=\"1.2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3 3\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M166 46 C168 29 176 21 190 17 C202 14 208 21 212 27 L202 33\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line tg-jaw\" d=\"\"\/>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-vel\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-velum-body\" d=\"M52 38 C46 50 40 64 36 71 C35 74 38 75 41 73 C45 68 51 51 55 40 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tongue\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_tg)\" d=\"\"\/>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-up\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-gum\" d=\"M167 50 C171 50 177 52 179 56 L168 56 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tooth\" d=\"M169 56 C172 56 177 56 178 57 L177 73 C174 74 171 74 169 73 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-lip\" d=\"M178 50 C196 52 202 58 202 65 C202 73 194 75 178 75 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-low\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-gum\" d=\"M167 114 C171 114 177 112 179 108 L168 108 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tooth\" d=\"M169 108 C172 108 177 108 178 107 L177 91 C174 90 171 90 169 91 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-lip\" d=\"M178 90 C194 90 202 93 202 101 C202 109 196 115 178 116 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<polygon class=\"tg-vc tg-vl\" points=\"8,170 20,176 8,182\"\/>'+\n '<polygon class=\"tg-vc tg-vr\" points=\"38,170 26,176 38,182\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-aw\" d=\"'+FLOW+'\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-lip-front tg-ol\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"32\" ry=\"21\"\/>'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-mo\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_mo)\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"22\" ry=\"8\"\/>'+\n '<g clip-path=\"url(#'+id+')\">'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-ft\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"101\" rx=\"16\" ry=\"7\"\/>'+\n '<rect class=\"tg-ut tg-front-tooth\" x=\"22\" y=\"88\" width=\"36\" height=\"3.5\" rx=\"1.2\"\/>'+\n '<rect class=\"tg-lt tg-front-tooth\" x=\"22\" y=\"100\" width=\"36\" height=\"3.5\" rx=\"1.2\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"218\" cy=\"27\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"218\" y=\"17\" text-anchor=\"middle\">palate<\/text>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"248\" cy=\"120\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"248\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"middle\">tongue<\/text>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"138\" cy=\"102\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"126\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"end\">lips<\/text>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb tg-lb-front\" x=\"40\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">front<\/text>';\n }\n function ease(x){return x>0.5?1-Math.pow(-2*x+2,2)\/2:2*x*x;}\n function spline(p){\n var n=p.length\/2;\n function g(j){var k=(j+n)%n;return [p[2*k],p[2*k+1]];}\n var s=g(0);\n var d='M'+s[0].toFixed(1)+' '+s[1].toFixed(1);\n for(var i=0;n>i;i++){\n var a=g(i-1),b=g(i),c=g(i+1),e=g(i+2);\n d+='C'+(b[0]+(c[0]-a[0])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+(b[1]+(c[1]-a[1])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+\n (c[0]-(e[0]-b[0])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+(c[1]-(e[1]-b[1])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+\n c[0].toFixed(1)+' '+c[1].toFixed(1);\n }\n return d+'Z';\n }\n function frame(c,t,still){\n var d=c.d,k=0,k2=0,m=t%3200;\n if(600>m){k=ease(m\/600);}\n else if(1900>m){k=1;}\n else if(2400>m){k=1-ease((m-1900)\/500);}\n if(d.p2){k2=Math.min(1,Math.max(0,(m-700)\/900));}\n if(still){k=1;k2=1;}\n var a=Math.max(0,(k-0.5)*2);\n if(still){a=0.9;}\n var pts=[];\n for(var i=0;REST.length>i;i++){\n var tg=d.p[i];\n if(d.p2){tg=d.p[i]+(d.p2[i]-d.p[i])*k2;}\n pts.push(REST[i]+(tg-REST[i])*k);\n }\n c.tongue.setAttribute('d',spline(pts));\n\n \/\/ 70% \u53e3\u8154\u5171\u9cf4\u8154\u52d5\u614b\u67d4\u5149\uff1a\u7cbe\u78ba\u543b\u5408\u4e0a\u984e\u8207\u820c\u9762\u9593\u8ddd\n if(c.resGlow){\n var tTipY = pts[1], tBladeY = pts[3], tBackY = pts[5];\n c.resGlow.setAttribute('d',\n 'M54 '+(38+k*3).toFixed(1)+\n ' C90 '+(25+k*2).toFixed(1)+' 136 26 166 48 L170 56'+\n ' C152 '+(tTipY-6).toFixed(1)+' 112 '+(tBladeY-6).toFixed(1)+' 54 '+(tBackY-2).toFixed(1)+' Z'\n );\n c.resGlow.style.opacity = (0.45 + 0.55 * k).toFixed(2);\n }\n\n var jy=d.l[1];\n if(d.l2){jy=d.l[1]+(d.l2[1]-d.l[1])*k2;}\n var lp=d.lp*k,dy=jy*k,dx=lp;\n c.up.setAttribute('transform','translate('+lp.toFixed(1)+' '+(-dy*0.25).toFixed(1)+')');\n c.low.setAttribute('transform','translate('+dx.toFixed(1)+' '+dy.toFixed(1)+')');\n c.jaw.setAttribute('d','M196 '+(116+dy).toFixed(1)+' C200 '+(152+dy*0.6).toFixed(1)+' 168 '+(168+dy*0.3).toFixed(1)+' 124 '+(166+dy*0.2).toFixed(1)+' C90 164 60 156 46 146');\n c.vel.setAttribute('transform','rotate('+(53*k).toFixed(1)+' 52 38)');\n var vb=0;\n if(k>0.5){vb=1.4+1.4*Math.sin(t\/40);}\n c.vl.setAttribute('transform','translate('+vb.toFixed(2)+' 0)');\n c.vr.setAttribute('transform','translate('+(-vb).toFixed(2)+' 0)');\n var rt=d.rx;\n if(d.rx2){rt=d.rx+(d.rx2-d.rx)*k2;}\n var rx=22+(rt-22)*k;\n var rs=1+(d.rs-1)*k;\n var ry=Math.max(1.2,(14+dy)*0.57*rs);\n c.ol.setAttribute('rx',(rx+10).toFixed(1));\n c.mo.setAttribute('rx',rx.toFixed(1));\n c.cl.setAttribute('rx',rx.toFixed(1));\n c.mo.setAttribute('ry',ry.toFixed(2));\n c.cl.setAttribute('ry',ry.toFixed(2));\n var tw=rx*1.64;\n c.ut.setAttribute('width',tw.toFixed(1));\n c.lt.setAttribute('width',tw.toFixed(1));\n c.ut.setAttribute('x',(40-tw\/2).toFixed(1));\n c.lt.setAttribute('x',(40-tw\/2).toFixed(1));\n c.ut.setAttribute('y',(96-ry).toFixed(2));\n c.lt.setAttribute('y',(96+ry-3.5).toFixed(2));\n var o=Math.min(1,Math.max(0,(ry-1.8)\/2)).toFixed(2);\n c.ut.style.opacity=o;\n c.lt.style.opacity=o;\n c.ft.setAttribute('cy',(96+ry-3-(98-pts[1])*0.3).toFixed(2));\n c.air.style.opacity=a.toFixed(2);\n }\n\n function build(key, glyph){\n var d=D[key];\n if(!d){return null;}\n uid=uid+1;\n var box=document.createElement('div');\n box.className='tg-wrap';\n\n var tabsHtml = '';\n if(key === 'e'){\n tabsHtml = '<div class=\"tg-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">' +\n '<button type=\"button\" class=\"tg-tab active\" data-rule=\"e\" title=\"Rule 1\">1<\/button>' +\n '<button type=\"button\" class=\"tg-tab\" data-rule=\"e2\" title=\"Rule 2\">2<\/button>' +\n '<button type=\"button\" class=\"tg-tab\" data-rule=\"ei\" title=\"Rule 3\">3<\/button>' +\n '<button type=\"button\" class=\"tg-tab\" data-rule=\"er\" title=\"Rule 4\">4<\/button>' +\n '<\/div>';\n }\n\n var labelName = (key === 'v' ? '\u00fc' : key).toUpperCase();\n box.innerHTML =\n '<div class=\"tg-meta\">' +\n '<span class=\"tg-badge\">Mouth \u00b7 ' + labelName + '<\/span>' +\n tabsHtml +\n '<\/div>' +\n '<svg class=\"tg-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 190\" width=\"340\" height=\"190\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Mouth cross-section for ' + key + '\">' +\n staticSvg('tgclip' + uid) +\n '<\/svg>' +\n '<p class=\"tg-cap\">' + d.c + '<\/p>';\n\n glyph.appendChild(box);\n\n var c={\n key:key, d:d, box:box, t0:performance.now(),\n cap:box.querySelector('.tg-cap'),\n tongue:box.querySelector('.tg-tongue'),\n resGlow:box.querySelector('.tg-res-glow'),\n up:box.querySelector('.tg-up'),\n low:box.querySelector('.tg-low'),\n jaw:box.querySelector('.tg-jaw'),\n vel:box.querySelector('.tg-vel'),\n vl:box.querySelector('.tg-vl'),\n vr:box.querySelector('.tg-vr'),\n ol:box.querySelector('.tg-ol'),\n mo:box.querySelector('.tg-mo'),\n cl:box.querySelector('.tg-cl'),\n ut:box.querySelector('.tg-ut'),\n lt:box.querySelector('.tg-lt'),\n ft:box.querySelector('.tg-ft'),\n air:box.querySelector('.tg-aw')\n };\n\n \/\/ \u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c\u7acb\u5373\u5f37\u5236\u7e6a\u88fd\u521d\u59cb\u975c\u614b\u5e40\uff08\u78ba\u4fdd\u7d55\u4e0d\u7559\u767d\uff09\n frame(c, 0, false);\n\n box.addEventListener('click', function(e){\n if(e.target.classList.contains('tg-tab')) return;\n c.t0 = performance.now();\n });\n\n if(key === 'e'){\n var tabs = box.querySelectorAll('.tg-tab');\n tabs.forEach(function(tab){\n tab.addEventListener('click', function(e){\n e.stopPropagation();\n tabs.forEach(function(t){ t.classList.remove('active'); });\n tab.classList.add('active');\n var ruleKey = tab.getAttribute('data-rule');\n if(D[ruleKey]){\n c.d = D[ruleKey];\n c.t0 = performance.now();\n c.cap.textContent = D[ruleKey].c;\n }\n });\n });\n\n var sec = glyph.closest('section.final');\n if(sec){\n var rules = sec.querySelectorAll('.rule');\n rules.forEach(function(r, i){\n r.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n r.addEventListener('click', function(){\n if(tabs[i]) tabs[i].click();\n });\n });\n }\n }\n\n return c;\n }\n\n function go(){\n var cards=[];\n document.querySelectorAll('section.final').forEach(function(sec){\n var l = sec.querySelector('.stamp .letter');\n if(!l){return;}\n var key = l.textContent.trim().toLowerCase();\n if(key === '\u00fc' || key === '\\u00fc'){key = 'v';}\n var glyph = sec.querySelector('.final-glyph');\n if(glyph){\n var c = build(key, glyph);\n if(c){cards.push(c);}\n }\n });\n\n var reduce = window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;\n if(reduce){\n cards.forEach(function(c){frame(c, 0, true);});\n return;\n }\n\n function loop(now){\n cards.forEach(function(c){\n frame(c, now - c.t0, false);\n });\n requestAnimationFrame(loop);\n }\n requestAnimationFrame(loop);\n }\n\n if(document.readyState === 'loading'){\n document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', go);\n } else {\n go();\n }\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ko-fi.com\/tiffanystalk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"58\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-570\" style=\"width:150px;height:29px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-600x115.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-1024x197.png 1024w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-768x148.png 768w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-1536x296.png 1536w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-2048x394.png 2048w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-850x164.png 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Do you like it? \ud83d\ude42<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/hanyupinyin\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-571\" style=\"width:150px;height:43px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-600x171.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u55ae\u97fb\u6bcd \/ \u5355\u97f5\u6bcd \u00b7 Simple Finals \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese \u97f3 OneDotDot Chinese \u00b7 Pronunciation \u55ae\u97fb\u6bcd\u5355\u97f5\u6bcdSimple Finals Six vowel sounds carry most of Mandarin’s pronunciation, and most of its traps. This is a listening-first guide to a \u00b7 o \u00b7 i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc \u00b7 e \u2014 what each one sounds like, how it changes…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[130],"class_list":["post-1464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk1","tag-hanyu-pinyin"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Hanyu Pinyin - Simple Finals - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"e (the most complicated one): When "e" appears by itself or with one consonant (not one syllable) before it, it sounds similar to the "u" sound of the English word "hurry".\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/hanyu-pinyin3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hanyu Pinyin - Simple Finals - OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"e (the most complicated one): When "e" appears by itself or with one consonant (not one syllable) before it, it sounds similar to the "u" sound of the English word "hurry".\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/hanyu-pinyin3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-01T10:29:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-23T02:11:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiffany\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiffany\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiffany\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\"},\"headline\":\"Hanyu Pinyin – Simple Finals\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-01T10:29:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-23T02:11:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":820,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png\",\"keywords\":[\"hanyu pinyin\"],\"articleSection\":[\"HSK 1\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/01\\\/hanyu-pinyin3\\\/\",\"name\":\"Hanyu Pinyin - 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