{"id":13185,"date":"2025-09-14T22:37:47","date_gmt":"2025-09-14T14:37:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/?p=13185"},"modified":"2026-10-30T11:13:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T03:13:34","slug":"chinese-state-complement-de","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/14\/chinese-state-complement-de\/","title":{"rendered":"State Complement &#8211; \u5f97 de"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/14\/chinese-state-complement-de\/#%E4%B8%80_Structure\" >\u4e00 Structure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/14\/chinese-state-complement-de\/#%E4%BA%8C_So_%E2%80%A6_That_%E2%80%A6\" >\u4e8c So &hellip; That &hellip;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/14\/chinese-state-complement-de\/#%E4%B8%89_How_Well\" >\u4e09 How Well<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/14\/chinese-state-complement-de\/#%E5%9B%9B_State_vs_Potential\" >\u56db State vs. Potential<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/14\/chinese-state-complement-de\/#%E4%BA%94_Common_Mistakes\" >\u4e94 Common Mistakes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/14\/chinese-state-complement-de\/#%E5%85%AD_Practice\" >\u516d Practice<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:5px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<style>\n  .odc-post{--gold:#b8925a;--gold-dark:#8f6f43;--ink:#2b2620;--ink-soft:#5c5348;--card:#faf6ef;--line:#e7ddc9;\n    max-width:880px!important;margin:0 auto!important;padding:0 16px 60px!important;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif!important;\n    color:var(--ink)!important;background:#fff!important;line-height:1.65!important;}\n  .odc-post 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.tag{display:inline-block!important;font-size:11px!important;color:var(--gold-dark)!important;background:var(--card)!important;border:1px solid var(--line)!important;border-radius:4px!important;padding:1px 8px!important;margin-left:6px!important;}\n\n  .odc-post{--gold:#6b8a67;--gold-dark:#4a5d48;--card:#f3f6f1;--line:#d8e2d3;}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"odc-post\">\n\n  <div class=\"odc-hero\">\n    <span class=\"odc-eyebrow\">Grammar Point<\/span>\n    <h1>State Complements with \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span><\/h1>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u65872.jpg\" alt=\"\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u65872 Contemporary Chinese 2\" class=\"odc-hero-img\">\n  <\/div>\n\n  <p style=\"color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:15px;\">A state complement with \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span> comes after a verb or adjective to describe <strong>how well<\/strong> something is done, or <strong>how much<\/strong>: &#8220;so tired that&hellip;&#8221;, &#8220;so happy that&hellip;&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n  <!-- Section 1 -->\n  <div class=\"odc-section\" id=\"structure\">\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%B8%80_Structure\"><\/span><span class=\"odc-seal\">\u4e00<\/span> Structure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <div class=\"odc-struct\">Verb \/ Adj. + \u5f97 + Description<\/div>\n    <p class=\"odc-gist\">Whatever comes after \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span> describes the result or degree. It can be a short phrase or a whole clause.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- Section 2 -->\n  <div class=\"odc-section\" id=\"degree\">\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BA%8C_So_%E2%80%A6_That_%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span class=\"odc-seal\">\u4e8c<\/span> So &hellip; That &hellip;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <p class=\"odc-gist\">After an adjective or a feeling, \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span> + a result means &#8220;<strong>so &hellip; that &hellip;<\/strong>&#8220;<\/p>\n    <div class=\"odc-card\">\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7d2f<\/span><rt>l\u00e8i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8d70<\/span><rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>bu<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u52d5<\/span><rt>d\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u52a8<\/span><rt>d\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">He was so tired that he couldn&#8217;t walk anymore.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5b69\u5b50<\/span><rt>h\u00e1izi<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad8\u8208<\/span><rt>g\u0101ox\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad8\u5174<\/span><rt>g\u0101ox\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8df3<\/span><rt>ti\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u4f86<\/span><rt>q\u01d0l\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u6765<\/span><rt>qilai<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">The child was so happy that he jumped up.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u98fd<\/span><rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9971<\/span><rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5feb<\/span><rt>ku\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5410<\/span><rt>t\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">He was so full that he almost threw up.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u90a3<\/span><rt>n\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u96bb<\/span><rt>zh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u53ea<\/span><rt>zh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7626<\/span><rt>sh\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7ad9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>bu<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u4f86<\/span><rt>q\u01d0l\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u6765<\/span><rt>q\u01d0lai<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">That dog is so skinny that it can&#8217;t stand up.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7238\u7238<\/span><rt>b\u00e0ba<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6c23<\/span><rt>q\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6c14<\/span><rt>q\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u660f<\/span><rt>h\u016bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u904e\u53bb<\/span><rt>gu\u00f2q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fc7\u53bb<\/span><rt>guoqu<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">Dad was so angry that he fainted.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7b2c\u4e00<\/span><rt>d\u00ec y\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6b21<\/span><rt>c\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u770b\u5230<\/span><rt>k\u00e0nd\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u96ea<\/span><rt>xu\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff0c<ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6fc0\u52d5<\/span><rt>j\u012bd\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6fc0\u52a8<\/span><rt>j\u012bd\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u53c8<\/span><rt>y\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u54ed<\/span><rt>k\u016b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u53c8<\/span><rt>y\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7b11<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">When he saw snow for the first time, he was so excited that he laughed and cried at once.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5916\u9762<\/span><rt>w\u00e0imi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5916\u9762<\/span><rt>w\u00e0imian<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u71b1<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u70ed<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u60f3<\/span><rt>xi\u01ceng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u51fa\u9580<\/span><rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u51fa\u95e8<\/span><rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">It&#8217;s so hot outside that I don&#8217;t even want to go out.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- Section 3 -->\n  <div class=\"odc-section\" id=\"manner\">\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%B8%89_How_Well\"><\/span><span class=\"odc-seal\">\u4e09<\/span> How Well<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <p class=\"odc-gist\">After an action verb, \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span> + a description says <strong>how well<\/strong> it&#8217;s done. Negatives go <strong>after<\/strong> \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span>.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"odc-card\">\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u81ea\u7136<\/span><rt>z\u00ecr\u00e1n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">You speak Chinese very naturally.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8dd1<\/span><rt>p\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5feb<\/span><rt>ku\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">He runs fast.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5b57<\/span><rt>z\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5beb<\/span><rt>xi\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5199<\/span><rt>xi\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">My handwriting isn&#8217;t good.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"odc-ex\">\n        <div class=\"zh\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6628\u5929<\/span><rt>zu\u00f3ti\u0101n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff1f<\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">Did you sleep well last night?<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"use-note-box\"><span class=\"fyi-title\">Verb + object<\/span>With an object, either repeat the verb (<ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u81ea\u7136<\/span><rt>z\u00ecr\u00e1n<\/rt><\/ruby>) or put the object first and leave the first verb out (<ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u81ea\u7136<\/span><rt>z\u00ecr\u00e1n<\/rt><\/ruby>).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- Section 4 -->\n  <div class=\"odc-section\" id=\"vs-potential\">\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%9B%9B_State_vs_Potential\"><\/span><span class=\"odc-seal\">\u56db<\/span> State vs. Potential<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <div class=\"compare-cols\">\n      <div class=\"compare-col keep\">\n        <h4>State complement<\/h4>\n        <div class=\"compare-word\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5beb<\/span><rt>xi\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5199<\/span><rt>xi\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">He doesn&#8217;t write well. (How it&#8217;s done.)<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"compare-col keep\">\n        <h4>Potential complement<\/h4>\n        <div class=\"compare-word\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5beb<\/span><rt>xi\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5199<\/span><rt>xi\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>bu<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n        <div class=\"en\">He can&#8217;t write it well. (Whether it&#8217;s possible.)<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <p class=\"odc-gist\">The \u4e0d goes after \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span> in a state complement, but replaces \u5f97 in a <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/08\/12\/potential-complement\/\" style=\"color:var(--gold-dark);text-decoration:underline;\">potential complement<\/a>.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- Section 5 -->\n  <div class=\"odc-section\" id=\"mistakes\">\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BA%94_Common_Mistakes\"><\/span><span class=\"odc-seal\">\u4e94<\/span> Common Mistakes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <div class=\"odc-mistake\">\n      <p class=\"wrong\">\u274c <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><\/p>\n      <p class=\"right\">\u2705 <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby> \/ <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><\/p>\n      <p class=\"why\">\u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span> has to come right after the verb, not after the object.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"odc-mistake\">\n      <p class=\"wrong\">\u274c <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8dd1<\/span><rt>p\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5feb<\/span><rt>ku\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/p>\n      <p class=\"right\">\u2705 <ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8dd1<\/span><rt>p\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5feb<\/span><rt>ku\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/p>\n      <p class=\"why\">The negative goes after \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span>.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- Section 6 -->\n  <div class=\"odc-section\" id=\"practice\">\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%85%AD_Practice\"><\/span><span class=\"odc-seal\">\u516d<\/span> Practice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <p class=\"odc-gist\">Tap the words below in the right order to build the sentence, then check your answer. If it&#8217;s wrong, you can try again as many times as you like, or hit &#8220;Show answer&#8221; if you get stuck. Careful: some tiles are traps and are not needed!<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"wo-wrap\">\n      <div class=\"wo-progress\" id=\"woProgress\">Question 1 of 10<\/div>\n\n      <!-- Q1 -->\n      <div class=\"wo-card active\" data-correct=\"1,3,2,0\">\n        <p class=\"wo-prompt\">&#8220;He was so tired that he couldn&#8217;t walk anymore.&#8221;<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-answer-zone\"><span class=\"wo-placeholder\">Tap words below to build the sentence<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-pool\">\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"0\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8d70<\/span><rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>bu<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u52d5<\/span><rt>d\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u52a8<\/span><rt>d\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"1\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"2\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"3\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7d2f<\/span><rt>l\u00e8i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"wo-retry\">\u274c Try Again<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-actions\">\n          <button class=\"wo-check\">Check<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reset\">Reset<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reveal\">Show answer<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-feedback\">\n          <p class=\"verdict\"><\/p>\n          <div class=\"correct-answer\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7d2f<\/span><rt>l\u00e8i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8d70<\/span><rt>z\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>bu<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u52d5<\/span><rt>d\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u52a8<\/span><rt>d\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n          <p>Adj. + \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span> + result.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Q2 -->\n      <div class=\"wo-card\" data-correct=\"2,3,1,0\">\n        <p class=\"wo-prompt\">&#8220;The child was so happy that he jumped up.&#8221;<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-answer-zone\"><span class=\"wo-placeholder\">Tap words below to build the sentence<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-pool\">\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"0\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8df3<\/span><rt>ti\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u4f86<\/span><rt>q\u01d0l\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u6765<\/span><rt>qilai<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"1\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"2\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5b69\u5b50<\/span><rt>h\u00e1izi<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"3\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad8\u8208<\/span><rt>g\u0101ox\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad8\u5174<\/span><rt>g\u0101ox\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"wo-retry\">\u274c Try Again<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-actions\">\n          <button class=\"wo-check\">Check<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reset\">Reset<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reveal\">Show answer<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-feedback\">\n          <p class=\"verdict\"><\/p>\n          <div class=\"correct-answer\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5b69\u5b50<\/span><rt>h\u00e1izi<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad8\u8208<\/span><rt>g\u0101ox\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9ad8\u5174<\/span><rt>g\u0101ox\u00ecng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8df3<\/span><rt>ti\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u4f86<\/span><rt>q\u01d0l\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u6765<\/span><rt>qilai<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n          <p>\ud83c\udf89<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Q3 -->\n      <div class=\"wo-card\" data-correct=\"3,0,2,1,4\">\n        <p class=\"wo-prompt\">&#8220;It&#8217;s so hot outside that I don&#8217;t even want to go out.&#8221;<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-answer-zone\"><span class=\"wo-placeholder\">Tap words below to build the sentence<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-pool\">\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"0\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u71b1<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u70ed<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"1\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"2\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"3\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5916\u9762<\/span><rt>w\u00e0imi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5916\u9762<\/span><rt>w\u00e0imian<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"4\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u60f3<\/span><rt>xi\u01ceng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u51fa\u9580<\/span><rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u51fa\u95e8<\/span><rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"wo-retry\">\u274c Try Again<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-actions\">\n          <button class=\"wo-check\">Check<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reset\">Reset<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reveal\">Show answer<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-feedback\">\n          <p class=\"verdict\"><\/p>\n          <div class=\"correct-answer\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5916\u9762<\/span><rt>w\u00e0imi\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5916\u9762<\/span><rt>w\u00e0imian<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u71b1<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u70ed<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u60f3<\/span><rt>xi\u01ceng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u51fa\u9580<\/span><rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u51fa\u95e8<\/span><rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n          <p>A whole clause can follow \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span>. \u2600\ufe0f<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Q4 -->\n      <div class=\"wo-card\" data-correct=\"1,2,4,3,0;2,1,4,3,0\">\n        <p class=\"wo-prompt\">&#8220;You speak Chinese very naturally.&#8221;<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-answer-zone\"><span class=\"wo-placeholder\">Tap words below to build the sentence<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-pool\">\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"0\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u81ea\u7136<\/span><rt>z\u00ecr\u00e1n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"1\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"2\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"3\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"4\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"wo-retry\">\u274c Try Again<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-actions\">\n          <button class=\"wo-check\">Check<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reset\">Reset<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reveal\">Show answer<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-feedback\">\n          <p class=\"verdict\"><\/p>\n          <div class=\"correct-answer\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u81ea\u7136<\/span><rt>z\u00ecr\u00e1n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n          <p class=\"also-note\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u81ea\u7136<\/span><rt>z\u00ecr\u00e1n<\/rt><\/ruby> is also correct.<\/p>\n          <p>Object first, then V + \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span>.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Q5 -->\n      <div class=\"wo-card\" data-correct=\"1,3,2,4,0\">\n        <p class=\"wo-prompt\">&#8220;His Chinese isn&#8217;t good. (He doesn&#8217;t speak it well.)&#8221;<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-answer-zone\"><span class=\"wo-placeholder\">Tap words below to build the sentence<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-pool\">\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"0\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"1\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"2\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"3\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"4\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"wo-retry\">\u274c Try Again<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-actions\">\n          <button class=\"wo-check\">Check<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reset\">Reset<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reveal\">Show answer<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-feedback\">\n          <p class=\"verdict\"><\/p>\n          <div class=\"correct-answer\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n          <p>Negative after \u5f97 <span class=\"py\">de<\/span>.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Q6 -->\n      <div class=\"wo-card\" data-correct=\"2,1,0,3\">\n        <p class=\"wo-prompt\">&#8220;That dog is so skinny that it can&#8217;t stand up.&#8221;<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-answer-zone\"><span class=\"wo-placeholder\">Tap words below to build the sentence<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-pool\">\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"0\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"1\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7626<\/span><rt>sh\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"2\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u90a3<\/span><rt>n\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u96bb<\/span><rt>zh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u53ea<\/span><rt>zh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"3\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7ad9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>bu<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u4f86<\/span><rt>q\u01d0l\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u6765<\/span><rt>q\u01d0lai<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"wo-retry\">\u274c Try Again<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-actions\">\n          <button class=\"wo-check\">Check<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reset\">Reset<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reveal\">Show answer<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-feedback\">\n          <p class=\"verdict\"><\/p>\n          <div class=\"correct-answer\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u90a3<\/span><rt>n\u00e0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u96bb<\/span><rt>zh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u53ea<\/span><rt>zh\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u72d7<\/span><rt>g\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7626<\/span><rt>sh\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7ad9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>bu<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u4f86<\/span><rt>q\u01d0l\u00e1i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u6765<\/span><rt>q\u01d0lai<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n          <p>\ud83d\udc15<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Q7 -->\n      <div class=\"wo-card\" data-correct=\"3,1,2,0\">\n        <p class=\"wo-prompt\">&#8220;Dad was so angry that he fainted.&#8221;<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-answer-zone\"><span class=\"wo-placeholder\">Tap words below to build the sentence<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-pool\">\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"0\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u660f<\/span><rt>h\u016bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u904e\u53bb<\/span><rt>gu\u00f2q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fc7\u53bb<\/span><rt>guoqu<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"1\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6c23<\/span><rt>q\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6c14<\/span><rt>q\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"2\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"3\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7238\u7238<\/span><rt>b\u00e0ba<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"wo-retry\">\u274c Try Again<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-actions\">\n          <button class=\"wo-check\">Check<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reset\">Reset<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reveal\">Show answer<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-feedback\">\n          <p class=\"verdict\"><\/p>\n          <div class=\"correct-answer\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7238\u7238<\/span><rt>b\u00e0ba<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6c23<\/span><rt>q\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6c14<\/span><rt>q\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u660f<\/span><rt>h\u016bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u904e\u53bb<\/span><rt>gu\u00f2q\u00f9<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fc7\u53bb<\/span><rt>guoqu<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n          <p>\ud83d\ude24<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Q8 -->\n      <div class=\"wo-card\" data-correct=\"2,3,1,0,4;2,3,1,4,0\">\n        <p class=\"wo-prompt\">&#8220;Seeing snow for the first time, he was so excited he laughed and cried.&#8221;<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-answer-zone\"><span class=\"wo-placeholder\">Tap words below to build the sentence<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-pool\">\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"0\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u53c8<\/span><rt>y\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7b11<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"1\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"2\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7b2c\u4e00<\/span><rt>d\u00ec y\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6b21<\/span><rt>c\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u770b\u5230<\/span><rt>k\u00e0nd\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u96ea<\/span><rt>xu\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"3\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6fc0\u52d5<\/span><rt>j\u012bd\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6fc0\u52a8<\/span><rt>j\u012bd\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"4\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u53c8<\/span><rt>y\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u54ed<\/span><rt>k\u016b<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"wo-retry\">\u274c Try Again<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-actions\">\n          <button class=\"wo-check\">Check<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reset\">Reset<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reveal\">Show answer<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-feedback\">\n          <p class=\"verdict\"><\/p>\n          <div class=\"correct-answer\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7b2c\u4e00<\/span><rt>d\u00ec y\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6b21<\/span><rt>c\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u770b\u5230<\/span><rt>k\u00e0nd\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u96ea<\/span><rt>xu\u011b<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff0c<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6fc0\u52d5<\/span><rt>j\u012bd\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6fc0\u52a8<\/span><rt>j\u012bd\u00f2ng<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u53c8<\/span><rt>y\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u54ed<\/span><rt>k\u016b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u53c8<\/span><rt>y\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7b11<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n          <p class=\"also-note\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u53c8<\/span><rt>y\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7b11<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u53c8<\/span><rt>y\u00f2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u54ed<\/span><rt>k\u016b<\/rt><\/ruby> is also correct.<\/p>\n          <p>\u53c8\u2026\u53c8\u2026 <span class=\"py\">y\u00f2u&hellip; y\u00f2u&hellip;<\/span> = both A and B. \u2744\ufe0f<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Q9 -->\n      <div class=\"wo-card\" data-correct=\"1,2,3,0\">\n        <p class=\"wo-prompt\">&#8220;He runs fast.&#8221;<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-answer-zone\"><span class=\"wo-placeholder\">Tap words below to build the sentence<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-pool\">\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"0\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5feb<\/span><rt>ku\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"1\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"2\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8dd1<\/span><rt>p\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"3\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"4\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"wo-retry\">\u274c Try Again<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-actions\">\n          <button class=\"wo-check\">Check<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reset\">Reset<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reveal\">Show answer<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-feedback\">\n          <p class=\"verdict\"><\/p>\n          <div class=\"correct-answer\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u8dd1<\/span><rt>p\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5feb<\/span><rt>ku\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n          <p>State complement uses \u5f97, not \u7684.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Q10 -->\n      <div class=\"wo-card\" data-correct=\"2,1,3,0\">\n        <p class=\"wo-prompt\">&#8220;I ate so much I&#8217;m stuffed.&#8221;<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-answer-zone\"><span class=\"wo-placeholder\">Tap words below to build the sentence<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-pool\">\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"0\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u592a<\/span><rt>t\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u98fd<\/span><rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9971<\/span><rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"1\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5403<\/span><rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"2\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-token\" data-order=\"3\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"wo-retry\">\u274c Try Again<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wo-actions\">\n          <button class=\"wo-check\">Check<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reset\">Reset<\/button>\n          <button class=\"wo-reveal\">Show answer<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wo-feedback\">\n          <p class=\"verdict\"><\/p>\n          <div class=\"correct-answer\"><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5403<\/span><rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u592a<\/span><rt>t\u00e0i<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u98fd<\/span><rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9971<\/span><rt>b\u01ceo<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n          <p>\ud83c\udf5c<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"wo-nav\">\n        <button id=\"woPrev\" disabled>\u2190 Prev<\/button>\n        <button id=\"woNext\">Next \u2192<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"wo-restart\" id=\"woRestart\">\n        <p id=\"woScore\" style=\"color:var(--ink-soft);\"><\/p>\n        <button id=\"woRestartBtn\">Restart Practice<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"odc-related\">\n    <h3>Related Grammar<\/h3>\n    <div class=\"row\"><span class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/08\/12\/potential-complement\/\">Potential Complements<\/a><span class=\"tag\">Grammar<\/span><\/div>\n    <div class=\"row\"><span class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/05\/complement-dong-wan-liao\/\">Complements: \u61c2 d\u01d2ng, \u5b8c w\u00e1n &amp; \u4e86 li\u01ceo<\/a><span class=\"tag\">Grammar<\/span><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n  var cards = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.odc-post .wo-card'));\n  var idx = 0;\n  var score = 0;\n  var progressEl = document.getElementById('woProgress');\n  var prevBtn = document.getElementById('woPrev');\n  var nextBtn = document.getElementById('woNext');\n  var restartWrap = document.getElementById('woRestart');\n  var restartBtn = document.getElementById('woRestartBtn');\n  var scoreEl = 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:)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/contemporary-chinese-book-2\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-571\" style=\"width:150px;height:43px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-600x171.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Grammar Point State Complements with \u5f97 de A state complement with \u5f97 de comes after a verb or adjective to describe how well something is done, or how much: &#8220;so tired that&hellip;&#8221;, &#8220;so happy that&hellip;&#8221;. \u4e00 Structure Verb \/ Adj. + \u5f97 + Description Whatever comes after \u5f97 de describes the result or degree. It&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1089],"tags":[135,251],"class_list":["post-13185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1089","tag-de","tag-251"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>State Complement - \u5f97 de - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Chinese, state complement\u00a0\u5f97 de\u00a0is used\u00a0after a verb or adjective\u00a0to show\u00a0how well, how much, or to what degree\u00a0something happens. 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