{"id":12717,"date":"2025-04-26T23:54:56","date_gmt":"2025-04-26T15:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/?p=12717"},"modified":"2025-04-26T23:54:57","modified_gmt":"2025-04-26T15:54:57","slug":"ruo-ke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d &#8211; \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_1 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#%E8%8B%A5_ruo_%E2%80%93_if\" >\u82e5 ru\u00f2 &#8211; if<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#%E5%8F%AF_ke_%E2%80%93_but\" >\u53ef k\u011b &#8211; but<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:4px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#a36591\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Grammar Point:<\/mark><\/strong><br>When reading or listening to Chinese, you might notice that sometimes very short words are used instead of the full forms of \u201cif\u201d and \u201cbut.\u201d Two common examples are\u00a0\u82e5 ru\u00f2\u00a0for \u201cif\u201d and\u00a0\u53ef k\u011b\u00a0for \u201cbut.\u201d They come from literary Chinese and add either a formal touch or a strong, punchy feeling depending on the context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:37px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%8B%A5_ruo_%E2%80%93_if\"><\/span><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#a36591\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u82e5 ru\u00f2 &#8211; if<\/mark><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82e5 ru\u00f2\u00a0shows up a lot in\u00a0formal writing, like contracts, official documents, or anything that sounds a little old-school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u82e5<\/span><rt>ru\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u540c\u610f<\/span><rt>t\u00f3ngy\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u5011<\/span><rt>w\u01d2men<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c31<\/span><rt>ji\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u958b\u59cb<\/span><rt>k\u0101ish\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u82e5<\/span><rt>ru\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u540c\u610f<\/span><rt>t\u00f3ngy\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u4eec<\/span><rt>w\u01d2men<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c31<\/span><rt>ji\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f00\u59cb<\/span><rt>k\u0101ish\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><br>If you agree, we will start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u82e5<\/span><rt>ru\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u554f\u984c<\/span><rt>w\u00e8nt\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8acb<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u96a8\u6642<\/span><rt>su\u00edsh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u806f\u7d61<\/span><rt>li\u00e1nlu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u82e5<\/span><rt>ru\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6709<\/span><rt>y\u01d2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u95ee\u9898<\/span><rt>w\u00e8nt\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf7<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u968f\u65f6<\/span><rt>su\u00edsh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8054\u7edc<\/span><rt>li\u00e1nlu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><br>If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u82e5<\/span><rt>ru\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5929\u6c23<\/span><rt>ti\u0101nq\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8a31\u53ef<\/span><rt>x\u01d4k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u5011<\/span><rt>w\u01d2men<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u660e\u5929<\/span><rt>m\u00edngti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u51fa\u767c<\/span><rt>ch\u016bf\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u82e5<\/span><rt>ru\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5929\u6c14<\/span><rt>ti\u0101nq\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bb8\u53ef<\/span><rt>x\u01d4k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u4eec<\/span><rt>w\u01d2men<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u660e\u5929<\/span><rt>m\u00edngti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u51fa\u53d1<\/span><rt>ch\u016bf\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><br>If the weather allows, we will depart tomorrow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u82e5<\/span><rt>ru\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4ecb\u610f<\/span><rt>ji\u00e8y\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u60f3<\/span><rt>xi\u01ceng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u63d0\u51fa<\/span><rt>t\u00edch\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u500b<\/span><rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5efa\u8b70<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0ny\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u82e5<\/span><rt>ru\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4ecb\u610f<\/span><rt>ji\u00e8y\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u60f3<\/span><rt>xi\u01ceng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u63d0\u51fa<\/span><rt>t\u00edch\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><rt>y\u00edge<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5efa\u8bae<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0ny\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby><br>If you don\u2019t mind, I&#8217;d like to make a suggestion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u82e5<\/span><rt>ru\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403<\/span><rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5b8c<\/span><rt>w\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span><rt>k\u011by\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6253\u5305<\/span><rt>d\u01ceb\u0101o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e36\u8d70<\/span><rt>d\u00e0iz\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u82e5<\/span><rt>ru\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403<\/span><rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5b8c<\/span><rt>w\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span><rt>k\u011by\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6253\u5305<\/span><rt>d\u01ceb\u0101o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e26\u8d70<\/span><rt>d\u00e0iz\u01d2u<\/rt><\/ruby><br>If you can&#8217;t finish it, you can pack it to go.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%8F%AF_ke_%E2%80%93_but\"><\/span><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#a36591\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u53ef k\u011b &#8211; but<\/mark><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef k\u011b\u00a0is super common in\u00a0everyday conversation, especially in the north, when people want to say &#8220;but&#8221; with a bit more feeling. In\u00a0formal\u00a0writing, we usually use\u00a0\u4f46\u662f d\u00e0nsh\u00ec\u00a0or\u00a0\u7136\u800c r\u00e1n&#8217;\u00e9r\u00a0for &#8220;but.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6703<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f86<\/span><rt>l\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef<\/span><rt>k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5230<\/span><rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u73fe\u5728<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084\u6c92<\/span><rt>h\u00e1im\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5230<\/span><rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f1a<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6765<\/span><rt>l\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef<\/span><rt>k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5230<\/span><rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u73b0\u5728<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8\u6ca1<\/span><rt>h\u00e1im\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5230<\/span><rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><\/ruby><br>He said he would come, but he still isn&#8217;t here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u60f3<\/span><rt>xi\u01ceng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef<\/span><rt>k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4eca\u5929<\/span><rt>j\u012bnti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u592a<\/span><rt>t\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5fd9<\/span><rt>m\u00e1ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u60f3<\/span><rt>xi\u01ceng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef<\/span><rt>k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4eca\u5929<\/span><rt>j\u012bnti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u592a<\/span><rt>t\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5fd9<\/span><rt>m\u00e1ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><br>I really want to go, but I\u2019m too busy today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9019<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9053<\/span><rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u83dc<\/span><rt>c\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u770b\u8d77\u4f86<\/span><rt>k\u00e0nq\u01d0l\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7c21\u55ae<\/span><rt>ji\u01cend\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef<\/span><rt>k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u505a<\/span><rt>zu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u4f86<\/span><rt>q\u01d0l\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u96e3<\/span><rt>n\u00e1n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9053<\/span><rt>d\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u83dc<\/span><rt>c\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u770b\u8d77\u6765<\/span><rt>k\u00e0nq\u01d0l\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7b80\u5355<\/span><rt>ji\u01cend\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef<\/span><rt>k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u505a<\/span><rt>zu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8d77\u6765<\/span><rt>q\u01d0l\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u96be<\/span><rt>n\u00e1n<\/rt><\/ruby><br>This dish looks simple, but it\u2019s really hard to make!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e<\/span><rt>b\u00faz\u00e0ih\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef<\/span><rt>k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u81c9\u4e0a<\/span><rt>li\u01censh\u00e0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u660e\u660e<\/span><rt>m\u00edngm\u00edng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u96e3\u904e<\/span><rt>n\u00e1ngu\u00f2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e<\/span><rt>b\u00faz\u00e0ih\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef<\/span><rt>k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8138\u4e0a<\/span><rt>li\u01censh\u00e0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u660e\u660e<\/span><rt>m\u00edngm\u00edng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u96be\u8fc7<\/span><rt>n\u00e1ngu\u00f2<\/rt><\/ruby><br>He said he didn\u2019t care, but his face clearly showed he was sad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5df2\u7d93<\/span><rt>y\u01d0j\u012bng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u63d0\u9192<\/span><rt>t\u00edx\u01d0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09<\/span><rt>s\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6b21<\/span><rt>c\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef<\/span><rt>k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084\u662f<\/span><rt>h\u00e1ish\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5fd8\u8a18<\/span><rt>w\u00e0ngj\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e36<\/span><rt>d\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9470\u5319<\/span><rt>y\u00e0osh\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5df2\u7ecf<\/span><rt>y\u01d0j\u012bng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u63d0\u9192<\/span><rt>t\u00edx\u01d0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09<\/span><rt>s\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6b21<\/span><rt>c\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt> <\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef<\/span><rt>k\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8\u662f<\/span><rt>h\u00e1ish\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5fd8\u8bb0<\/span><rt>w\u00e0ngj\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e26<\/span><rt>d\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u94a5\u5319<\/span><rt>y\u00e0oshi<\/rt><\/ruby><br>I reminded him three times, but he still forgot the keys!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ko-fi.com\/tiffanystalk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"58\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-570\" style=\"width:150px;height:29px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-600x115.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-1024x197.png 1024w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-768x148.png 768w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-1536x296.png 1536w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-2048x394.png 2048w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-850x164.png 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Do you like it? \ud83d\ude42<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/b2-hsk6\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-571\" style=\"width:150px;height:43px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-600x171.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Grammar Point:When reading or listening to Chinese, you might notice that sometimes very short words are used instead of the full forms of \u201cif\u201d and \u201cbut.\u201d Two common examples are\u00a0\u82e5 ru\u00f2\u00a0for \u201cif\u201d and\u00a0\u53ef k\u011b\u00a0for \u201cbut.\u201d They come from literary Chinese and add either a formal touch or a strong, punchy feeling depending on the context&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12718,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hsk6"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d - \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When reading or listening to Chinese, you might notice that sometimes very short words are used instead of the full forms of \u201cif\u201d and \u201cbut.\u201d\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d - \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b - OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When reading or listening to Chinese, you might notice that sometimes very short words are used instead of the full forms of \u201cif\u201d and \u201cbut.\u201d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-26T15:54:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-26T15:54:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiffany\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiffany\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiffany\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\"},\"headline\":\"\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d &#8211; \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-26T15:54:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-26T15:54:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/\"},\"wordCount\":541,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"HSK 6\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/\",\"name\":\"\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d - \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b - OneDotDot Chinese\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-26T15:54:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-26T15:54:57+00:00\",\"description\":\"When reading or listening to Chinese, you might notice that sometimes very short words are used instead of the full forms of \u201cif\u201d and \u201cbut.\u201d\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png\",\"width\":800,\"height\":300,\"caption\":\"\u82e5 ru\u00f2 \u53ef k\u011b\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9801\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d &#8211; \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/\",\"name\":\"OneDotDot Chinese\",\"description\":\"Learn a little Chinese every day\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\",\"name\":\"tiffany\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/cropped-logo_tiffany2-1.png\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/cropped-logo_tiffany2-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/cropped-logo_tiffany2-1.png\",\"width\":214,\"height\":214,\"caption\":\"tiffany\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/cropped-logo_tiffany2-1.png\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/tiffanys_talk\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/tiffany-huang-mandarin\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/author\/tiffany\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d - \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b - OneDotDot Chinese","description":"When reading or listening to Chinese, you might notice that sometimes very short words are used instead of the full forms of \u201cif\u201d and \u201cbut.\u201d","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d - \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b - OneDotDot Chinese","og_description":"When reading or listening to Chinese, you might notice that sometimes very short words are used instead of the full forms of \u201cif\u201d and \u201cbut.\u201d","og_url":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/","og_site_name":"OneDotDot Chinese","article_published_time":"2025-04-26T15:54:56+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-04-26T15:54:57+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":300,"url":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"tiffany","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"tiffany","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/"},"author":{"name":"tiffany","@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99"},"headline":"\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d &#8211; \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b","datePublished":"2025-04-26T15:54:56+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-26T15:54:57+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/"},"wordCount":541,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png","articleSection":["HSK 6"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/","url":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/","name":"\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d - \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b - OneDotDot Chinese","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png","datePublished":"2025-04-26T15:54:56+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-26T15:54:57+00:00","description":"When reading or listening to Chinese, you might notice that sometimes very short words are used instead of the full forms of \u201cif\u201d and \u201cbut.\u201d","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png","width":800,"height":300,"caption":"\u82e5 ru\u00f2 \u53ef k\u011b"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/26\/ruo-ke\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9801","item":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u201cIf\u201d and \u201cbut\u201d &#8211; \u82e5 ru\u00f2 and \u53ef k\u011b"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/","name":"OneDotDot Chinese","description":"Learn a little Chinese every day","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99","name":"tiffany","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/cropped-logo_tiffany2-1.png","url":"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/cropped-logo_tiffany2-1.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/cropped-logo_tiffany2-1.png","width":214,"height":214,"caption":"tiffany"},"logo":{"@id":"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/cropped-logo_tiffany2-1.png"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/tiffanys_talk\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/tiffany-huang-mandarin\/"],"url":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/author\/tiffany\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/\u82e5-ruo-\u53ef-ke.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12717"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12719,"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12717\/revisions\/12719"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}