{"id":10750,"date":"2024-04-16T23:19:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T15:19:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/?p=10750"},"modified":"2026-08-21T17:00:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T09:00:42","slug":"zero-pronoun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/16\/zero-pronoun\/","title":{"rendered":"Zero Pronoun"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/16\/zero-pronoun\/#Predictable_Subject\" >Predictable Subject<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/16\/zero-pronoun\/#Previously_Mentioned_Subject\" >Previously Mentioned Subject<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/16\/zero-pronoun\/#Previously_Mentioned_Object\" >Previously Mentioned Object<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2024\/04\/16\/zero-pronoun\/#Where_It_Doesnt_Apply\" >Where It Doesn&#8217;t Apply<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:5px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin=\"\">\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cormorant+Garamond:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;1,500&amp;family=Noto+Serif+TC:wght@300;500;600&amp;family=Noto+Serif+SC:wght@300;500;600&amp;family=Jost:wght@400;500&amp;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<style>\n\n  .odd-post{\n    --ink: #24221D;\n    --ink-soft: #726E64;\n    --jade: #3F5D52;\n    --jade-deep: #2B4038;\n    --gold: #A9843F;\n    --hair: rgba(36,34,29,0.13);\n    --panel: #FAF9F5;\n\n    background: #FFFFFF;\n    color: var(--ink);\n    font-family: 'Jost', sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 400;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n    max-width: 680px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 0 32px;\n  }\n\n  .odd-post *{ box-sizing: border-box; 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text-align:center; }\n  .odd-post h1.hero-title{\n    font-family:'Cormorant Garamond', serif;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: clamp(30px, 5.4vw, 46px);\n    line-height: 1.18;\n    letter-spacing: 0.005em;\n    margin: 0 auto 6px;\n    max-width: 20ch;\n  }\n  .odd-post .brush{ display:block; width: 168px; height: 14px; margin: 6px auto 28px; }\n\n  .odd-post .callout{\n    text-align:left;\n    max-width: 640px;\n    margin: 0 auto 20px;\n    padding: 22px 26px;\n    border-left: 2px solid var(--gold);\n    background: var(--panel);\n    border-radius: 2px;\n  }\n  .odd-post .callout .callout-label{\n    font-family:'Jost', sans-serif;\n    font-size: 11px;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    letter-spacing: 0.14em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: var(--gold);\n    margin: 0 0 10px;\n  }\n  .odd-post .callout p{ margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 15.5px; color: var(--ink); }\n  .odd-post .callout p:last-child{ margin-bottom: 0; }\n  .odd-post .callout b{ color: var(--jade-deep); 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}\n\n  \/* ---------- example cards ---------- *\/\n  .odd-post .zp-group{ margin-bottom: 54px; }\n  .odd-post .zp-example{\n    padding: 22px 0;\n    border-top: 1px solid var(--hair);\n  }\n  .odd-post .zp-example:first-of-type{ border-top: none; }\n  .odd-post .zp-full{ font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 4px; }\n  .odd-post .zp-gloss{\n    font-family:'Cormorant Garamond', serif;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: 15px;\n    color: var(--ink-soft);\n    margin: 0 0 14px;\n  }\n  .odd-post .zp-reduce-row{\n    display:flex;\n    align-items:center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .odd-post .zp-arrow{\n    color: var(--gold);\n    font-size: 17px;\n    flex-shrink:0;\n  }\n  .odd-post .zp-reduced{ font-size: 17px; }\n\n  @media (max-width: 560px){\n    .odd-post .zp-reduce-row{ flex-wrap:wrap; }\n  }\n\n  .odd-post .warn-callout{\n    max-width: 640px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 22px 26px;\n    border-left: 2px solid var(--red, #A13D2C);\n    background: var(--panel);\n    border-radius: 2px;\n  }\n  .odd-post .warn-callout .callout-label{\n    font-family:'Jost', sans-serif;\n    font-size: 11px;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    letter-spacing: 0.14em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: #A13D2C;\n    margin: 0 0 10px;\n  }\n  .odd-post .warn-callout p{ margin: 0 0 14px; font-size: 15.5px; color: var(--ink); }\n  .odd-post .warn-example{ margin-top: 16px; }\n  .odd-post .warn-example .zp-full{ margin-bottom: 4px; }\n  .odd-post .warn-example .zp-gloss{ margin-bottom: 14px; }\n  .odd-post .warn-example .zp-reduce-row .mark-x{\n    color: #A13D2C;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    margin-right: 4px;\n  }\n  .odd-post .warn-example .zp-reduce-row .zp-note{\n    font-family:'Cormorant Garamond', serif;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #A13D2C;\n  }\n\n  \/* ---------- closing ---------- *\/\n  .odd-post .closing{ padding: 40px 0 10px; text-align:center; }\n  .odd-post .closing p{\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    max-width: 52ch;\n    font-family:'Cormorant Garamond', serif;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: 19px;\n    color: var(--ink-soft);\n    line-height: 1.6;\n  }\n\n<\/style>\n\n<article class=\"odd-post\">\n\n  <section class=\"hero\">\n    <p class=\"eyebrow\">A field guide for learners<\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"hero-title\">Zero Pronoun<\/h1>\n    <svg class=\"brush\" viewBox=\"0 0 168 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n      <path d=\"M2 8C24 3 46 11 68 6C90 1 112 10 134 5C148 2 158 6 166 4\" stroke=\"#A9843F\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><\/path>\n    <\/svg>\n\n    <div class=\"callout\">\n      <p class=\"callout-label\">Grammar point<\/p>\n      <p>\n        In Chinese grammar, a <b>zero pronoun<\/b> (<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u96f6\u4ee3\u8a5e<\/span><rt>l\u00edng d\u00e0ic\u00ed<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u96f6\u4ee3\u8bcd<\/span><rt>l\u00edng d\u00e0ic\u00ed<\/rt><\/ruby>) refers to the\n        omission of a pronoun when the context already makes it clear what the pronoun would be. This is\n        common in <b>conversational Chinese<\/b>, and often happens with personal pronouns like:\n      <\/p>\n      <p class=\"pron-list\">\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><\/ruby> \u2014 I\/me \u00b7\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><\/ruby> \u2014 you \u00b7\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby>\/<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5979<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5979<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby>\/<ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5b83<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5b83<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><\/ruby> \u2014 he\/she\/it\n      <\/p>\n      <p>\n        It&#8217;s also mostly a <b>spoken-language habit<\/b>. In formal writing \u2014 news reports, academic papers,\n        official letters \u2014 Chinese generally keeps its subjects explicit, much closer to how English does.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <p class=\"aside\">\n      Linguists sometimes call this a &#8220;pro-drop&#8221; pattern \u2014 Chinese shares it with languages like Spanish\n      and Japanese. English almost never drops its pronouns, which is exactly why this can feel unusual\n      to a new learner.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"legend\">\n      <span><b>Predictable subject<\/b> \u2014 obvious from the situation<\/span>\n      <span><b>Mentioned subject<\/b> \u2014 already named once<\/span>\n      <span><b>Mentioned object<\/b> \u2014 already named once<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section>\n    <p class=\"section-eyebrow\">Structure<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"zp-group\">\n      <h3 class=\"subsection-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predictable_Subject\"><\/span>Predictable <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/10\/11\/abbreviations\/\">Subject<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n      <div class=\"zp-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8acb<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5750<\/span><rt>zu\u00f2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf7<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5750<\/span><rt>zu\u00f2<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">Please have a seat.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"zp-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8acb<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5750<\/span><rt>zu\u00f2<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf7<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5750<\/span><rt>zu\u00f2<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"zp-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8acb\u554f<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ngw\u00e8n<\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8981<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u52a0<\/span><rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7cd6<\/span><rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u55ce<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf7\u95ee<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ngw\u00e8n<\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8981<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u52a0<\/span><rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7cd6<\/span><rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5417<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">Would you like sugar with that?<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"zp-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8acb\u554f<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ngw\u00e8n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf7\u95ee<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ngw\u00e8n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8981<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u52a0<\/span><rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7cd6<\/span><rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u55ce<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8981<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u52a0<\/span><rt>ji\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7cd6<\/span><rt>t\u00e1ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5417<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"zp-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0a\u8ab2<\/span><rt>sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u55ce<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0a\u8bfe<\/span><rt>sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5417<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">Are you going to class?<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"zp-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0a\u8ab2<\/span><rt>sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u55ce<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0a\u8bfe<\/span><rt>sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5417<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"zp-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb hl\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u807d\u8aaa<\/span><rt>t\u012bngshu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53f0\u7063<\/span><rt>T\u00e1iw\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u71b1<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb hl\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u542c\u8bf4<\/span><rt>t\u012bngshu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53f0\u6e7e<\/span><rt>T\u00e1iw\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u70ed<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">I heard that Taiwan is very hot.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"zp-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u807d\u8aaa<\/span><rt>t\u012bngshu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53f0\u7063<\/span><rt>T\u00e1iw\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u71b1<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u542c\u8bf4<\/span><rt>t\u012bngshu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53f0\u6e7e<\/span><rt>T\u00e1iw\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u70ed<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"zp-group\">\n      <h3 class=\"subsection-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Previously_Mentioned_Subject\"><\/span>Previously Mentioned <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/10\/11\/abbreviations\/\">Subject<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n      <div class=\"zp-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u59d3<\/span><rt>x\u00ecng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f35<\/span><rt>zh\u0101ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53eb<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7f8e\u6587<\/span><rt>m\u011biw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u59d3<\/span><rt>x\u00ecng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f20<\/span><rt>zh\u0101ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53eb<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7f8e\u6587<\/span><rt>m\u011biw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">My last name is Zhang, and my first name is Meiwen.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"zp-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u59d3<\/span><rt>x\u00ecng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f35<\/span><rt>zh\u0101ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u59d3<\/span><rt>x\u00ecng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f20<\/span><rt>zh\u0101ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u53eb<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7f8e\u6587<\/span><rt>m\u011biw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u53eb<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7f8e\u6587<\/span><rt>m\u011biw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"zp-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6703<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e5f<\/span><rt>y\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6703<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u65e5\u6587<\/span><rt>r\u00ecw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f1a<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e5f<\/span><rt>y\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f1a<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u65e5\u6587<\/span><rt>r\u00ecw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">He can speak Chinese, and he can also speak Japanese.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"zp-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6703<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f1a<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><rt>zh\u014dngw\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e5f<\/span><rt>y\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6703<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u65e5\u6587<\/span><rt>r\u00ecw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4e5f<\/span><rt>y\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f1a<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u65e5\u6587<\/span><rt>r\u00ecw\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"zp-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53eb<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7f8e\u6587<\/span><rt>m\u011biw\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53f0\u7063<\/span><rt>T\u00e1iw\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4eba<\/span><rt>r\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53eb<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7f8e\u6587<\/span><rt>m\u011biw\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53f0\u6e7e<\/span><rt>T\u00e1iw\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4eba<\/span><rt>r\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">My name is Meiwen, and I am Taiwanese.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"zp-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53eb<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7f8e\u6587<\/span><rt>m\u011biw\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53eb<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7f8e\u6587<\/span><rt>m\u011biw\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53f0\u7063<\/span><rt>T\u00e1iw\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4eba<\/span><rt>r\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53f0\u6e7e<\/span><rt>T\u00e1iw\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4eba<\/span><rt>r\u00e9n<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"zp-group\">\n      <h3 class=\"subsection-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Previously_Mentioned_Object\"><\/span>Previously Mentioned <a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/10\/11\/abbreviations\/\">Object<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n      <div class=\"zp-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6628\u5929<\/span><rt>zu\u00f3ti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7d66<\/span><rt>g\u011bi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u66f8<\/span><rt>sh\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084\u6c92<\/span><rt>h\u00e1im\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u770b<\/span><rt>k\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u90a3\u672c\u66f8<\/span><rt>n\u00e0 b\u011bn sh\u016b<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6628\u5929<\/span><rt>zu\u00f3ti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7ed9<\/span><rt>g\u011bi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e66<\/span><rt>sh\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8\u6ca1<\/span><rt>h\u00e1im\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u770b<\/span><rt>k\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u90a3\u672c\u4e66<\/span><rt>n\u00e0 b\u011bn sh\u016b<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">The book you gave me yesterday, I haven&#8217;t read it yet.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"zp-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6628\u5929<\/span><rt>zu\u00f3ti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7d66<\/span><rt>g\u011bi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u66f8<\/span><rt>sh\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084\u6c92<\/span><rt>h\u00e1im\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u770b<\/span><rt>k\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6628\u5929<\/span><rt>zu\u00f3ti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7ed9<\/span><rt>g\u011bi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e66<\/span><rt>sh\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8\u6ca1<\/span><rt>h\u00e1im\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u770b<\/span><rt>k\u00e0n<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"zp-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8981<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u71b1<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084\u662f<\/span><rt>h\u00e1ish\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u51b7<\/span><rt>l\u011bng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8981<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u70ed<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8\u662f<\/span><rt>h\u00e1ish\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u51b7<\/span><rt>l\u011bng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">Do you want your coffee hot or cold?<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"zp-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8981<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u71b1<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5496\u5561<\/span><rt>k\u0101f\u0113i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8981<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u70ed<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9084\u662f<\/span><rt>h\u00e1ish\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u51b7<\/span><rt>l\u011bng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8\u662f<\/span><rt>h\u00e1ish\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u51b7<\/span><rt>l\u011bng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"zp-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9019<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u672c<\/span><rt>b\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u66f8<\/span><rt>sh\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8ab0<\/span><rt>sh\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u66f8<\/span><rt>sh\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u672c<\/span><rt>b\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e66<\/span><rt>sh\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8c01<\/span><rt>sh\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4e66<\/span><rt>sh\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">Whose book is this?<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"zp-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9019<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u672c<\/span><rt>b\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u66f8<\/span><rt>sh\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8ab0<\/span><rt>sh\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u672c<\/span><rt>b\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e66<\/span><rt>sh\u016b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8c01<\/span><rt>sh\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section>\n    <p class=\"section-eyebrow\">The limit<\/p>\n    <h3 class=\"subsection-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_It_Doesnt_Apply\"><\/span>Where It Doesn&#8217;t Apply<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n    <div class=\"warn-callout\">\n      <p class=\"callout-label\">Watch for ambiguity<\/p>\n      <p>\n        Zero pronoun only works when context leaves no real doubt about who or what is meant. The moment\n        two people are in play, dropping the pronoun creates genuine ambiguity \u2014 so Chinese keeps it,\n        exactly the way English would.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"warn-example\">\n        <p class=\"zp-full\">\n          <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5c0f\u660e<\/span><rt>Xi\u01ceom\u00edng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u770b\u5230<\/span><rt>k\u00e0nd\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c0f\u83ef<\/span><rt>Xi\u01ceohu\u00e1<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u958b\u5fc3<\/span><rt>k\u0101ix\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5c0f\u660e<\/span><rt>Xi\u01ceom\u00edng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u770b\u5230<\/span><rt>k\u00e0nd\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c0f\u534e<\/span><rt>Xi\u01ceohu\u00e1<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb hl\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f00\u5fc3<\/span><rt>k\u0101ix\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"zp-gloss\">Xiaoming saw Xiaohua, and <em>he<\/em> was happy \u2014 but which &#8220;he&#8221;?<\/p>\n        <div class=\"zp-reduce-row\">\n          <span class=\"mark-x\">\u2717<\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-reduced\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5c0f\u660e<\/span><rt>Xi\u01ceom\u00edng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u770b\u5230<\/span><rt>k\u00e0nd\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c0f\u83ef<\/span><rt>Xi\u01ceohu\u00e1<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5c0f\u660e<\/span><rt>Xi\u01ceom\u00edng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u770b\u5230<\/span><rt>k\u00e0nd\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c0f\u534e<\/span><rt>Xi\u01ceohu\u00e1<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><span class=\"drop-mark\">\u00d8<\/span><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u958b\u5fc3<\/span><rt>k\u0101ix\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f00\u5fc3<\/span><rt>k\u0101ix\u012bn<\/rt><\/ruby><\/span>\n          <span class=\"zp-note\">\u2014 now unreadable: happy about what, and who?<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  \n<\/article>\n\n<script>\n\/*\n  Applies the site's lang_zh-TW cookie on page load (see lang-selector\n  widget) directly to this post's .lang-zh-TW \/ .lang-zh-CN elements,\n  since the widget's own \"on load\" handler only updates its menu\n  pointers, not the actual display. Cookie convention: \"1\" = Traditional,\n  \"0\" = Simplified.\n*\/\n(function(){\n  var post = document.currentScript ? document.currentScript.closest('.odd-post') : document.querySelector('.odd-post');\n  if(!post) return;\n\n  function getCookie(name){\n    var m = document.cookie.match(new RegExp('(?:^|; )' + name.replace(\/([.$?*|{}()\\[\\]\\\\\\\/\\+^])\/g, '\\\\$1') + '=([^;]*)'));\n    return m ? decodeURIComponent(m[1]) : null;\n  }\n\n  var showSimplified = getCookie('lang_zh-TW') === '0';\n  var hideClass = showSimplified ? 'lang-zh-TW' : 'lang-zh-CN';\n  var showClass = showSimplified ? 'lang-zh-CN' : 'lang-zh-TW';\n\n  post.querySelectorAll('.' + hideClass).forEach(function(el){ el.style.display = 'none'; });\n  post.querySelectorAll('.' + showClass).forEach(function(el){ el.style.display = ''; });\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:66px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/foundation\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-571\" style=\"width:150px;height:43px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-600x171.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A field guide for learners Zero Pronoun Grammar point In Chinese grammar, a zero pronoun (\u96f6\u4ee3\u8a5el\u00edng d\u00e0ic\u00ed\u96f6\u4ee3\u8bcdl\u00edng d\u00e0ic\u00ed) refers to the omission of a pronoun when the context already makes it clear what the pronoun would be. This is common in conversational Chinese, and often happens with personal pronouns like: \u6211w\u01d2\u6211w\u01d2 \u2014 I\/me \u00b7 \u4f60n\u01d0\u4f60n\u01d0&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[863],"class_list":["post-10750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk1","tag-zero-pronoun"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Zero Pronoun - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how Chinese uses zero pronouns, or omitted subjects and objects, to avoid repetition. 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