{"id":10130,"date":"2023-11-13T15:15:46","date_gmt":"2023-11-13T07:15:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/?p=10130"},"modified":"2026-10-03T23:56:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T15:56:23","slug":"dou-already","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/13\/dou-already\/","title":{"rendered":"Already 3 &#8211; \u90fd d\u014du&#8230; \u4e86 le"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/13\/dou-already\/#1Structure\" >1Structure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/13\/dou-already\/#2Common_Mistakes\" >2Common Mistakes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/13\/dou-already\/#3Practice\" >3Practice<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:6px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"odc-article\">\n<style>\n  .odc-article{\n    --ink:#2b2620 !important;\n    --ink-soft:#5a5248 !important;\n    --paper:#ffffff !important;\n    --paper-deep:#f5f8f4 !important;\n    --gold:#4d7c5f !important;\n    --gold-deep:#3e6b52 !important;\n    --amber:#2f6b4f !important;\n    --jade:#3e6b57 !important;\n    --jade-soft:#e9f1ec !important;\n    --red:#a5301f !important;\n    --line:#dfe9e1 !important;\n    --radius:14px;\n\n    margin:0 !important;\n    background:var(--paper) !important;\n    color:var(--ink) !important;\n    font-family:'Inter','Noto Sans TC', sans-serif;\n    line-height:1.75;\n    -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;\n  }\n  .odc-article *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n  .odc-article a{color:var(--amber) !important;}\n\n  .odc-article .topbar{\n    display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;\n    padding:16px 24px;margin:0 auto;\n    font-size:13px;color:var(--ink-soft) !important;letter-spacing:.04em;\n  }\n  .odc-article .brandmark{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink) !important;}\n  .odc-article .brandmark .dot{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--gold) !important;display:inline-block;}\n\n  .odc-article .hero{\n    background:var(--paper-deep) !important;\n    border-bottom:1px solid var(--line) 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text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink) !important;\n  }\n  .odc-article .related-grammar .row:last-child{border-bottom:none !important;}\n  .odc-article .related-grammar .row:hover .title{color:var(--gold) !important;}\n  .odc-article .related-grammar .arrow{color:#8a9b6e !important;font-weight:700;font-size:17px;flex-shrink:0;}\n  .odc-article .related-grammar .title{font-size:17px;color:var(--ink) !important;}\n  .odc-article .related-grammar .level{font-size:14px;color:var(--ink-soft) !important;}\n\n  .odc-article .cta-strip{\n    margin-top:56px;padding:26px;border-radius:var(--radius);\n    background:#e9f2ec !important;border:1px solid var(--line) !important;color:var(--ink) !important;text-align:center !important;\n  }\n  .odc-article .cta-strip p{color:var(--ink-soft) !important;opacity:1;margin:0 0 12px;font-size:14.5px;}\n  .odc-article .cta-strip a.btn{\n    display:inline-block;background:var(--gold) !important;color:#ffffff !important;text-decoration:none;\n    padding:11px 26px;border-radius:999px;font-weight:700;font-size:14.5px;\n  }\n\n  @media (max-width:560px){\n    .odc-article .topbar{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}\n    .odc-article .hero{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}\n    .odc-article main{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;}\n  }\n  .odc-article .tbl-wrap{overflow-x:auto;margin:20px 0 8px !important;}\n  .odc-article .compare-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0 !important;font-size:15px;}\n  .odc-article .compare-table th,.odc-article .compare-table td{padding:12px 14px !important;text-align:left !important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line) !important;vertical-align:top;}\n  .odc-article .compare-table th{font-size:12px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#ffffff !important;background:var(--gold) !important;}\n  .odc-article .compare-table th:first-child{border-top-left-radius:8px;}\n  .odc-article .compare-table th:last-child{border-top-right-radius:8px;}\n  .odc-article .compare-table td:first-child{font-weight:700;color:var(--amber) !important;}\n  .odc-article .compare-table tr:last-child td{border-bottom:none !important;}\n  .odc-article .compare-table tr:nth-child(even) td{background:var(--paper-deep) !important;}\n  .odc-article .mistake-pair .row.right + .row.right{margin-top:-2px;}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"topbar\">\n  <div class=\"brandmark\"><span class=\"dot\"><\/span> OneDotDot Chinese<\/div>\n  <div>Grammar \u00b7 HSK 2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<header class=\"hero\">\n  <div class=\"hero-inner\">\n    <div class=\"eyebrow\">Grammar Point \u00b7 <span>HSK 2<\/span><\/div>\n    <h1 class=\"hero-title\"><span class=\"h2-title\"><span class=\"cjk\">Already 3<\/span> <span class=\"accent\">\u2014 <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90fd<\/span> d\u014du \u2026 <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e86<\/span> le<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n    <p class=\"hero-sub\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90fd<\/span> d\u014du \u2026 <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e86<\/span> le means \u201calready,\u201d but with feeling. It stresses that a time, an amount, or a result has <strong>already<\/strong> been reached, often more than the speaker expected.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n<main>\n  <div class=\"lede-row\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lede-img\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/%E9%83%BD-dou-chinese-grammar.png\" alt=\"\u90fd d\u014du \u2026 \u4e86 le Chinese grammar\">\n    <p class=\"lede\" style=\"border:none !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;\">Compared with <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5df2\u7d93<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5df2\u7ecf<\/span> y\u01d0j\u012bng, <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90fd<\/span> d\u014du \u2026 <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e86<\/span> le sounds more emotional: surprise, impatience, or complaint. Think \u201cIt\u2019s already two o\u2019clock!\u201d rather than a neutral \u201cIt is two o\u2019clock.\u201d<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1Structure\"><\/span><span class=\"num\">1<\/span><span class=\"h2-title\">Structure<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n  <h3><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90fd<\/span> d\u014du + Time \/ Amount + <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e86<\/span> le<\/h3>\n  <p>Use it to say a point in time or an amount has already been reached. The speaker usually feels it\u2019s late, a lot, or too long.<\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5169<\/span><rt>li\u01ceng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9ede<\/span><rt>di\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>d\u011bi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8d95\u5feb<\/span><rt>g\u01cenku\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e24<\/span><rt>li\u01ceng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u70b9<\/span><rt>di\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>d\u011bi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8d76\u5feb<\/span><rt>g\u01cenku\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">It\u2019s already two o\u2019clock. I need to hurry up and go to sleep.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">22<\/span><rt>\u00e8rsh\u00ed\u2019\u00e8r<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6b72<\/span><rt>su\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6703<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u81ea\u5df1<\/span><rt>z\u00ecj\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u716e\u98ef<\/span><rt>zh\u01d4f\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u55ce<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">22<\/span><rt>\u00e8rsh\u00ed\u2019\u00e8r<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c81<\/span><rt>su\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f1a<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u81ea\u5df1<\/span><rt>z\u00ecj\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u716e\u996d<\/span><rt>zh\u01d4f\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5417<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">You\u2019re already 22 and you still can\u2019t cook for yourself?<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6c92\u60f3\u5230<\/span><rt>m\u00e9ixi\u01cengd\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5341<\/span><rt>sh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e74<\/span><rt>ni\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6c92<\/span><rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u898b<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6700\u8fd1<\/span><rt>zu\u00ecj\u00ecn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u904e<\/span><rt>gu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23<\/span><rt>z\u011bnmey\u00e0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230<\/span><rt>m\u00e9ixi\u01cengd\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5341<\/span><rt>sh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e74<\/span><rt>ni\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6ca1<\/span><rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u89c1<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6700\u8fd1<\/span><rt>zu\u00ecj\u00ecn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fc7<\/span><rt>gu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f97<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u600e\u4e48\u6837<\/span><rt>z\u011bnmey\u00e0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">I can\u2019t believe it\u2019s been ten years since we last saw each other. How have you been?<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u56e0\u70ba<\/span><rt>y\u012bnw\u00e8i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9019<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6848\u5b50<\/span><rt>\u00e0nzi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00<\/span><rt>y\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u500b<\/span><rt>ge<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u661f\u671f<\/span><rt>x\u012bngq\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6c92<\/span><rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u56e0\u4e3a<\/span><rt>y\u012bnw\u00e8i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6848\u5b50<\/span><rt>\u00e0nzi<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e00<\/span><rt>y\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e2a<\/span><rt>ge<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u661f\u671f<\/span><rt>x\u012bngq\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6ca1<\/span><rt>m\u00e9i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">Because of this case, I haven\u2019t slept well for a whole week.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4ec0\u9ebc<\/span><rt>sh\u00e9nme<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6642\u5019<\/span><rt>sh\u00edh\u00f2u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u51fa\u9580<\/span><rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff01<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span><rt>sh\u00e9nme<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u65f6\u5019<\/span><rt>sh\u00edhou<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u51fa\u95e8<\/span><rt>ch\u016bm\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff01<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">Look what time it is! Why haven\u2019t you left yet?<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7b49<\/span><rt>d\u011bng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e5d\u5341<\/span><rt>ji\u01d4sh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5206\u9418<\/span><rt>f\u0113nzh\u014dng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u61c9\u8a72<\/span><rt>y\u012bngg\u0101i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6703<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f86<\/span><rt>l\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7b49<\/span><rt>d\u011bng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e5d\u5341<\/span><rt>ji\u01d4sh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5206\u949f<\/span><rt>f\u0113nzh\u014dng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4ed6<\/span><rt>t\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e94\u8be5<\/span><rt>y\u012bngg\u0101i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f1a<\/span><rt>hu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6765<\/span><rt>l\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">I\u2019ve already waited ninety minutes. He\u2019s probably not coming.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <h3>S + <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90fd<\/span> d\u014du + Predicate + <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e86<\/span> le<\/h3>\n  <p>Use it to say an action or change has already happened or been completed.<\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e8b<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u77e5\u9053<\/span><rt>zh\u012bd\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e8b<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u77e5\u9053<\/span><rt>zh\u012bd\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">I already know about what you told me.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><rt>g\u014dngzu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u505a<\/span><rt>zu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5b8c<\/span><rt>w\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u55ce<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><rt>g\u014dngzu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u505a<\/span><rt>zu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5b8c<\/span><rt>w\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5417<\/span><rt>ma<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">Have you finished your work already?<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u7897<\/span><rt>w\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6d17<\/span><rt>x\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u7897<\/span><rt>w\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6d17<\/span><rt>x\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">The dishes are all washed.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"callout fyi\">\n    <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udca1 FYI: Dishwashers<\/div>\n    <p>Dishwashers are becoming the new kitchen stars in cities in China and Taiwan, but many older homes simply don\u2019t have the plumbing for them. So good old handwashing is still the reigning champ in most kitchens! (as of 2023)<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4eba<\/span><rt>r\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6b7b<\/span><rt>s\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u73fe\u5728<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f8c\u6094<\/span><rt>h\u00f2uhu\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e5f<\/span><rt>y\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f86<\/span><rt>l\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ca<\/span><rt>j\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4eba<\/span><rt>r\u00e9n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6b7b<\/span><rt>s\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u73b0\u5728<\/span><rt>xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u540e\u6094<\/span><rt>h\u00f2uhu\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e5f<\/span><rt>y\u011b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6765<\/span><rt>l\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ca<\/span><rt>j\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">He\u2019s already dead. It\u2019s too late for regrets now.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"ex\">\n    <div class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u9019<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u85e5<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><rt>f\u00f9zu\u00f2y\u00f2ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u592a<\/span><rt>t\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef\u6015<\/span><rt>k\u011bp\u00e0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u80d6<\/span><rt>p\u00e0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">10<\/span><rt>sh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u516c\u65a4<\/span><rt>g\u014dngj\u012bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u836f<\/span><rt>y\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7684<\/span><rt>de<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><rt>f\u00f9zu\u00f2y\u00f2ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u592a<\/span><rt>t\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53ef\u6015<\/span><rt>k\u011bp\u00e0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u80d6<\/span><rt>p\u00e0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">10<\/span><rt>sh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u516c\u65a4<\/span><rt>g\u014dngj\u012bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"en\">The side effects of this medicine are terrible. I\u2019ve already gained 10 kilos.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"callout point\">\n    <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc \u201cAll\u201d or \u201calready\u201d?<\/div>\n    <p><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90fd<\/span> d\u014du also means \u201call,\u201d so some sentences can be read both ways. Context decides.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"cex\">\n      <div class=\"hanzi\"><ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u5011<\/span><rt>w\u01d2men<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403\u98ef<\/span><rt>ch\u012bf\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u4eec<\/span><rt>w\u01d2men<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403\u996d<\/span><rt>ch\u012bf\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby><\/div>\n      <div class=\"en\">We\u2019ve all eaten. \/ We\u2019ve already eaten.<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2Common_Mistakes\"><\/span><span class=\"num\">2<\/span><span class=\"h2-title\">Common Mistakes<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"mistake-pair\">\n    <div class=\"row wrong\"><span class=\"mark\">\u274c<\/span><span class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5341\u4e8c<\/span><rt>sh\u00ed\u2019\u00e8r<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9ede<\/span><rt>di\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u600e\u9ebc<\/span><rt>z\u011bnme<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5341\u4e8c<\/span><rt>sh\u00ed\u2019\u00e8r<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u70b9<\/span><rt>di\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u600e\u4e48<\/span><rt>z\u011bnme<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/span><\/div>\n    <div class=\"row right\"><span class=\"mark\">\u2705<\/span><span class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5341\u4e8c<\/span><rt>sh\u00ed\u2019\u00e8r<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9ede<\/span><rt>di\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u600e\u9ebc<\/span><rt>z\u011bnme<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5341\u4e8c<\/span><rt>sh\u00ed\u2019\u00e8r<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u70b9<\/span><rt>di\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u600e\u4e48<\/span><rt>z\u011bnme<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e0d<\/span><rt>b\u00fa<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff1f<\/span><rt><\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/span><\/div>\n    <div class=\"why\">Don\u2019t forget the <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e86<\/span> le! Without it, <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90fd<\/span> d\u014du doesn\u2019t mean \u201calready.\u201d<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"mistake-pair\">\n    <div class=\"row wrong\"><span class=\"mark\">\u274c<\/span><span class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09\u5341<\/span><rt>s\u0101nsh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6b72<\/span><rt>su\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09\u5341<\/span><rt>s\u0101nsh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c81<\/span><rt>su\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/span><\/div>\n    <div class=\"row right\"><span class=\"mark\">\u2705<\/span><span class=\"hanzi\">\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09\u5341<\/span><rt>s\u0101nsh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6b72<\/span><rt>su\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n      <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09\u5341<\/span><rt>s\u0101nsh\u00ed<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c81<\/span><rt>su\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n    <\/span><\/div>\n    <div class=\"why\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90fd<\/span> d\u014du is an adverb, so it goes after the subject, not before it.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3Practice\"><\/span><span class=\"num\">3<\/span><span class=\"h2-title\">Practice<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n  <p>Translate each sentence into Chinese, then tap the card to check your answer.<\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"practice\">\n    <div class=\"prompt\"><span class=\"num\">01<\/span>I\u2019ve already taken the days off. Let\u2019s go on a trip!<\/div>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      <div class=\"reason\" style=\"font-family:'Noto Serif TC',serif;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink) !important;\">\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5047<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8acb<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u5011<\/span><rt>w\u01d2men<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u65c5\u904a<\/span><rt>l\u01day\u00f3u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5427<\/span><rt>ba<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u5047<\/span><rt>ji\u00e0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf7<\/span><rt>q\u01d0ng<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u597d<\/span><rt>h\u01ceo<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u4eec<\/span><rt>w\u01d2men<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u65c5\u6e38<\/span><rt>l\u01day\u00f3u<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5427<\/span><rt>ba<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff01\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hint\">\ud83d\udc46 Tap to reveal<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"practice\">\n    <div class=\"prompt\"><span class=\"num\">02<\/span>It\u2019s already dinner time. Let\u2019s go eat.<\/div>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      <div class=\"reason\" style=\"font-family:'Noto Serif TC',serif;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink) !important;\">\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u665a\u9910<\/span><rt>w\u01cenc\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6642\u9593<\/span><rt>sh\u00edji\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u5011<\/span><rt>w\u01d2men<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403\u98ef<\/span><rt>ch\u012bf\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5427<\/span><rt>ba<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u665a\u9910<\/span><rt>w\u01cenc\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><rt>sh\u00edji\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6211\u4eec<\/span><rt>w\u01d2men<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403\u996d<\/span><rt>ch\u012bf\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5427<\/span><rt>ba<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3002\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hint\">\ud83d\udc46 Tap to reveal<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"practice\">\n    <div class=\"prompt\"><span class=\"num\">03<\/span>It\u2019s already autumn. Why is it still so hot?<\/div>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      <div class=\"reason\" style=\"font-family:'Noto Serif TC',serif;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink) !important;\">\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u79cb\u5929<\/span><rt>qi\u016bti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u600e\u9ebc<\/span><rt>z\u011bnme<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5929\u6c23<\/span><rt>ti\u0101nq\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9019\u9ebc<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8me<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u71b1<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u79cb\u5929<\/span><rt>qi\u016bti\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u600e\u4e48<\/span><rt>z\u011bnme<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5929\u6c14<\/span><rt>ti\u0101nq\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd9\u4e48<\/span><rt>zh\u00e8me<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u70ed<\/span><rt>r\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff1f\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hint\">\ud83d\udc46 Tap to reveal<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"practice\">\n    <div class=\"prompt\"><span class=\"num\">04<\/span>It\u2019s already eleven o\u2019clock. Why are you still in bed?<\/div>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      <div class=\"reason\" style=\"font-family:'Noto Serif TC',serif;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink) !important;\">\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5341\u4e00<\/span><rt>sh\u00edy\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9ede<\/span><rt>di\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u600e\u9ebc<\/span><rt>z\u011bnme<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5728<\/span><rt>z\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5341\u4e00<\/span><rt>sh\u00edy\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u70b9<\/span><rt>di\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u600e\u4e48<\/span><rt>z\u011bnme<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5728<\/span><rt>z\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7761<\/span><rt>shu\u00ec<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff1f\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hint\">\ud83d\udc46 Tap to reveal<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"practice\">\n    <div class=\"prompt\"><span class=\"num\">05<\/span>I\u2019ve already said it three times!<\/div>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      <div class=\"reason\" style=\"font-family:'Noto Serif TC',serif;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink) !important;\">\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8aaa<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09<\/span><rt>s\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6b21<\/span><rt>c\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8bf4<\/span><rt>shu\u014d<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09<\/span><rt>s\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6b21<\/span><rt>c\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff01\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hint\">\ud83d\udc46 Tap to reveal<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"practice\">\n    <div class=\"prompt\"><span class=\"num\">06<\/span>You\u2019re already 18. You should get a job.<\/div>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      <div class=\"reason\" style=\"font-family:'Noto Serif TC',serif;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink) !important;\">\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5341\u516b<\/span><rt>sh\u00edb\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u6b72<\/span><rt>su\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u61c9\u8a72<\/span><rt>y\u012bngg\u0101i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u627e<\/span><rt>zh\u01ceo<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><rt>g\u014dngzu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u4f60<\/span><rt>n\u01d0<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5341\u516b<\/span><rt>sh\u00edb\u0101<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5c81<\/span><rt>su\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5e94\u8be5<\/span><rt>y\u012bngg\u0101i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u53bb<\/span><rt>q\u00f9<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u627e<\/span><rt>zh\u01ceo<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><rt>g\u014dngzu\u00f2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3002\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hint\">\ud83d\udc46 Tap to reveal<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"practice\">\n    <div class=\"prompt\"><span class=\"num\">07<\/span>The tickets are already sold out.<\/div>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      <div class=\"reason\" style=\"font-family:'Noto Serif TC',serif;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink) !important;\">\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u7968<\/span><rt>pi\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8ce3<\/span><rt>m\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5b8c<\/span><rt>w\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u7968<\/span><rt>pi\u00e0o<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5356<\/span><rt>m\u00e0i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5b8c<\/span><rt>w\u00e1n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3002\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hint\">\ud83d\udc46 Tap to reveal<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"practice\">\n    <div class=\"prompt\"><span class=\"num\">08<\/span>I\u2019ve already eaten three bowls of rice, but I\u2019m still hungry.<\/div>\n    <div class=\"answer\">\n      <div class=\"reason\" style=\"font-family:'Noto Serif TC',serif;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink) !important;\">\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-TW\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403<\/span><rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09<\/span><rt>s\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7897<\/span><rt>w\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u98ef<\/span><rt>f\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9084<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u9913<\/span><rt>\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby>\n        <ruby class=\"lang-zh-CN\"><span class=\"rb\">\u6211<\/span><rt>w\u01d2<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u90fd<\/span><rt>d\u014du<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5403<\/span><rt>ch\u012b<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e09<\/span><rt>s\u0101n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u7897<\/span><rt>w\u01cen<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u996d<\/span><rt>f\u00e0n<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u4e86<\/span><rt>le<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\uff0c<\/span><rt><\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u8fd8<\/span><rt>h\u00e1i<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u662f<\/span><rt>sh\u00ec<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u5f88<\/span><rt>h\u011bn<\/rt><span class=\"rb\">\u997f<\/span><rt>\u00e8<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3002\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hint\">\ud83d\udc46 Tap to reveal<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"related-grammar\">\n    <h4>Related Grammar<\/h4>\n    <a class=\"row\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/10\/le-in-chinese\/\"><span class=\"arrow\">\u2192<\/span><span class=\"title\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e86<\/span>\u2082 le \u2014 new situation<\/span><span class=\"level\">(HSK 2)<\/span><\/a>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"cta-strip\">\n    <p>Enjoyed this post? Buy me a coffee so I can keep writing more of these \u2615<\/p>\n    <a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/ko-fi.com\/tiffanystalk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Support OneDotDot Chinese<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/main>\n\n<script>\n  document.querySelectorAll('.odc-article .practice').forEach(card=>{\n    card.addEventListener('click', ()=>{\n      card.classList.toggle('revealed');\n      const hint = card.querySelector('.hint');\n      hint.textContent = card.classList.contains('revealed') ? 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It stresses that a time, an amount, or a result has already been reached, often more than the speaker expected. Compared with \u5df2\u7d93\u5df2\u7ecf y\u01d0j\u012bng, \u90fd\u90fd d\u014du&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[557,441],"class_list":["post-10130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk2","tag-already","tag--dou"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Already 3 - \u90fd d\u014du... \u4e86 le - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The structure \u90fd d\u014du ...\u4e86le in Chinese is used to emphasize that something has already happened or has been completed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/13\/dou-already\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Already 3 - \u90fd d\u014du... \u4e86 le - OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The structure \u90fd d\u014du ...\u4e86le in Chinese is used to emphasize that something has already happened or has been completed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/13\/dou-already\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-13T07:15:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-03T15:56:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/%E9%83%BD-dou-chinese-grammar.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiffany\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiffany\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/13\\\/dou-already\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/13\\\/dou-already\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiffany\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tiffanysmandarin.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3556e1160fac98b190d03b8aa8604d99\"},\"headline\":\"Already 3 &#8211; 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