\u8072\u6bcd \u58f0\u6bcd \u00b7 Initials Part 2 \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin=\"\">\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,400;9..144,500;9..144,600;9..144,700&family=Noto+Serif+TC:wght@500;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <style>\n :root{\n --paper:#FFFFFF;\n --paper-dim:#F7F4EE;\n --ink:#2A2723;\n --ink-soft:#5B564C;\n --seal:#B23A2E;\n --seal-dim:#8f2e24;\n --bamboo:#4F6F52;\n --gold:#AD8A4D;\n --velar:#8f6b34;\n --line: rgba(42,39,35,0.13);\n --radius: 3px;\n }\n *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}\n body{\n margin:0;\n background:var(--paper);\n color:var(--ink);\n font-family:'Inter', sans-serif;\n }\n\n .wrap{\n position:relative;\n z-index:1;\n max-width:920px;\n margin:0 auto;\n padding:0 24px;\n background:#FFFFFF;\n background-image:\n radial-gradient(circle at 12% 4%, rgba(178,58,46,0.06), transparent 45%);\n }\n\n .wrap::before{\n content:\"\";\n position:absolute;\n inset:0;\n pointer-events:none;\n opacity:0.25;\n z-index:-1;\n background-image:\n repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(42,39,35,0.015) 0px, rgba(42,39,35,0.015) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- HERO ---------- *\/\n header.hero{\n padding:72px 0 56px;\n position:relative;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .eyebrow{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.18em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n margin-bottom:22px;\n }\n .eyebrow::before{\n content:\"\";\n width:26px; height:1px; background:var(--seal);\n }\n .hero-title{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:clamp(32px, 5.5vw, 60px);\n line-height:1.02;\n margin:0 0 8px;\n letter-spacing:-0.01em;\n }\n .hero-title .cjk{\n font-family:'Noto Serif TC', serif;\n font-weight:700;\n color:var(--seal);\n font-size:0.62em;\n vertical-align:2%;\n margin-right:18px;\n display:inline-flex;\n align-items:baseline;\n gap:10px;\n }\n .hero-title .cjk .lang-zh-CN{\n font-size:0.72em;\n color:var(--seal-dim);\n opacity:0.75;\n }\n .hero-sub{\n font-size:17px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n max-width:560px;\n line-height:1.65;\n margin:18px 0 0;\n }\n .hero-stamp{\n position:absolute;\n top:64px; right:24px;\n width:88px; height:88px;\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n transform:rotate(-6deg);\n }\n .hero-stamp svg{width:100%;height:100%;}\n\n \/* ---------- SERIES STEPPER ---------- *\/\n section.series{padding:40px 0 8px;}\n .series-eyebrow{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n letter-spacing:0.14em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n display:block;\n margin-bottom:14px;\n }\n .series-steps{\n display:grid;\n grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(170px, 1fr));\n gap:12px;\n }\n .step{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:6px;\n padding:18px 18px 16px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n transition:border-color .2s ease, background .2s ease, transform .2s ease;\n background:var(--paper);\n }\n a.step:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n transform:translateY(-1px);\n }\n .step .step-num{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:11px;\n color:var(--gold);\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n }\n .step .step-title{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-weight:600;\n font-size:17px;\n }\n .step .step-desc{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n }\n .step.current{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.05);\n }\n .step.current .step-num{color:var(--seal);}\n .step.current .step-title{color:var(--seal);}\n\n \/* ---------- OVERVIEW ---------- *\/\n section.overview{\n padding:56px 0;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n section.overview h3{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:22px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 6px;\n }\n section.overview > p{\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n margin:0 0 24px;\n max-width:560px;\n line-height:1.6;\n }\n .overview-chip-row{\n display:flex;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:8px;\n }\n .overview-chip{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:14px;\n font-weight:600;\n padding:8px 15px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-left:3px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:100px;\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n background:var(--paper-dim);\n transition:all .2s ease;\n }\n .overview-chip.grp-j{border-left-color:var(--seal);}\n .overview-chip.grp-zh{border-left-color:var(--bamboo);}\n .overview-chip.grp-z{border-left-color:var(--velar);}\n .overview-chip:hover{\n background:var(--paper);\n transform:translateY(-1px);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- NAV ---------- *\/\n nav.groups-nav{\n position:sticky; top:0; z-index:20;\n background:rgba(255,255,255,0.92);\n backdrop-filter:blur(6px);\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n padding:14px 0;\n }\n nav.groups-nav .row{\n display:flex; gap:6px; flex-wrap:wrap;\n align-items:center;\n }\n nav.groups-nav a{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:14px;\n text-decoration:none;\n color:var(--ink);\n padding:6px 14px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:100px;\n transition:all .2s ease;\n white-space:nowrap;\n }\n nav.groups-nav a:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- GROUP SECTIONS ---------- *\/\n main{padding:64px 0 40px;}\n section.init-group{\n padding:52px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n scroll-margin-top:76px;\n opacity:0;\n transform:translateY(14px);\n transition:opacity .6s ease, transform .6s ease;\n }\n section.init-group.in-view{opacity:1; transform:translateY(0);}\n section.init-group:last-of-type{border-bottom:none;}\n\n .group-head{margin-bottom:8px;}\n .group-head h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:32px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 4px;\n }\n .group-head .subhead{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13px;\n color:var(--seal);\n margin:0 0 24px;\n }\n section.init-group.grp-zh .group-head .subhead{color:var(--bamboo);}\n section.init-group.grp-z .group-head .subhead{color:var(--velar);}\n\n .init-grid{\n display:grid;\n grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));\n gap:14px;\n margin-bottom:26px;\n }\n .init-card{\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n padding:16px;\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:10px;\n background:var(--paper);\n }\n .init-card-top{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:12px;\n }\n .init-stamp{\n width:46px; height:46px;\n border-radius:4px;\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n color:#F4E9DD;\n font-family:'Noto Serif TC', serif;\n font-weight:700;\n font-size:18px;\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n .grp-j .init-stamp{background:var(--seal);}\n .grp-zh .init-stamp{background:var(--bamboo);}\n .grp-z .init-stamp{background:var(--velar);}\n\n .init-play{\n width:34px; height:34px;\n border-radius:50%;\n border:1px solid var(--seal);\n background:transparent;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n cursor:pointer;\n flex-shrink:0;\n transition:all .2s ease;\n padding:0;\n margin-left:auto;\n }\n .init-play:hover{background:var(--seal); color:#F4E9DD;}\n .init-play svg{width:13px; height:13px;}\n\n .init-desc{\n font-size:14.5px;\n line-height:1.6;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n .init-desc u{\n text-decoration:none;\n border-bottom:1.5px solid var(--seal);\n color:var(--seal);\n }\n .badge-row{\n display:flex;\n gap:6px;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n }\n .badge{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:11px;\n padding:3px 9px;\n border-radius:100px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n }\n .badge.aspirated{border-color:var(--gold); color:var(--gold);}\n .badge.unaspirated{border-color:var(--bamboo); color:var(--bamboo);}\n\n .init-steps{\n margin:0;\n padding-left:18px;\n font-size:13px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n line-height:1.6;\n }\n .init-note{\n font-size:13px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n line-height:1.6;\n font-style:italic;\n }\n\n .example-row{\n display:flex; align-items:center; gap:12px;\n background:var(--paper-dim);\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n padding:12px 16px;\n margin:10px 0;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n }\n .play-btn{\n width:34px; height:34px;\n border-radius:50%;\n border:1px solid var(--seal);\n background:transparent;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;\n cursor:pointer;\n flex-shrink:0;\n transition:all .2s ease;\n padding:0;\n }\n .play-btn:hover{background:var(--seal); color:#F4E9DD;}\n .play-btn svg{width:13px; height:13px;}\n .example-syllables{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:15px;\n letter-spacing:0.02em;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n .example-syllables .sep{color:var(--gold); margin:0 3px;}\n\n \/* ---------- QUIZ ---------- *\/\n section.quiz{\n padding:56px 0 64px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-head{margin-bottom:32px;}\n .quiz-head h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:30px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 8px;\n }\n .quiz-head p{\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n max-width:560px;\n line-height:1.6;\n margin:0;\n }\n .quiz-q{\n padding:22px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-q:first-of-type{padding-top:0;}\n .quiz-question{\n font-size:16px;\n margin:0 0 14px;\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:10px;\n }\n .quiz-question .qnum{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n color:var(--gold);\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n .quiz-options{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:8px;\n }\n .quiz-options label{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n font-size:14.5px;\n padding:9px 12px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:border-color .15s ease, background .15s ease;\n }\n .quiz-options label:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n }\n .quiz-options input{accent-color:var(--seal);}\n .quiz-q.graded.correct{border-left:3px solid var(--bamboo); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded.incorrect{border-left:3px solid var(--seal); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.right-answer{\n border-color:var(--bamboo);\n background:rgba(79,111,82,0.08);\n }\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.picked-wrong{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n .quiz-actions{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:16px;\n margin-top:28px;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n }\n .quiz-submit{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.04em;\n color:#F4E9DD;\n background:var(--seal);\n border:none;\n padding:12px 24px;\n border-radius:100px;\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:background .2s ease;\n }\n .quiz-submit:hover{background:var(--seal-dim);}\n .quiz-result{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:14px;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- FOOTER ---------- *\/\n footer{\n padding:56px 0 72px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n margin-top:12px;\n }\n .footer-wave{\n width:100%; height:40px;\n opacity:0.5;\n }\n .footer-wave path{fill:none; stroke:var(--seal); stroke-width:1;}\n\n @media (max-width:640px){\n .wrap{padding:0 5px;}\n .series-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr;}\n .init-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}\n header.hero{padding:52px 0 40px;}\n .hero-stamp{width:64px;height:64px; top:48px;}\n }\n\n @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n section.init-group{transition:none; opacity:1; transform:none;}\n html{scroll-behavior:auto;}\n }\n\n \/* ========================================================\n \u7cbe\u7dfb\u820c\u4f4d\u5716\u8996\u89ba\u6a23\u5f0f\uff08\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8207\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u5347\u7d1a\u7e6a\u88fd\u8cea\u611f\uff09\n ======================================================== *\/\n .tg-wrap{\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:6px;\n background:#FAF8F5;\n padding:8px 8px 10px;\n cursor:pointer;\n box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(42,39,35,0.03);\n transition:border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease;\n }\n .tg-wrap:hover{\n border-color:rgba(178,58,46,0.35);\n box-shadow:0 3px 12px rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n .tg-svg{\n display:block;\n width:100%;\n height:auto;\n }\n \/* \u89e3\u5256\u9aa8\u58c1\u7dda\u689d\uff1a\u6c89\u7a69\u58a8\u68d5 *\/\n .tg-line{\n fill:none;\n stroke:#3D3833;\n stroke-width:2.2;\n stroke-linecap:round;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n \/* \u8edf\u984e\/\u5c0f\u820c\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u89e3\u5256\u539a\u5ea6 *\/\n .tg-velum-body{\n fill:#EAE3D6;\n stroke:#3D3833;\n stroke-width:1.6;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n \/* \u7259\u9f52\u8207\u7259\u9f66 *\/\n .tg-gum{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.22);\n }\n .grp-zh .tg-gum{fill:rgba(79,111,82,0.22);}\n .grp-z .tg-gum{fill:rgba(143,107,52,0.22);}\n\n .tg-tooth{\n fill:#FFFFFF;\n stroke:#6E685E;\n stroke-width:1.2;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-front-tooth{\n fill:#FFFFFF;\n stroke:#6E685E;\n stroke-width:0.9;\n }\n \/* \u5507\u74e3\u5074\u5207\u9762\u8207\u6b63\u8996\u9762 *\/\n .tg-lip{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.26);\n stroke:var(--seal);\n stroke-width:1.6;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-lip-front{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.22);\n stroke:var(--seal);\n stroke-width:1.5;\n }\n .grp-zh .tg-lip, .grp-zh .tg-lip-front{stroke:var(--bamboo);}\n .grp-z .tg-lip, .grp-z .tg-lip-front{stroke:var(--velar);}\n\n \/* \u820c\u9ad4\u6f38\u5c64\u8207\u908a\u7de3\u7dda *\/\n .tg-tongue{\n stroke-width:2;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .grp-b .tg-tongue, .grp-j .tg-tongue{stroke:var(--seal);}\n .grp-d .tg-tongue, .grp-zh .tg-tongue{stroke:var(--bamboo);}\n .grp-g .tg-tongue, .grp-z .tg-tongue{stroke:var(--velar);}\n\n .tg-ft{stroke:none;}\n .grp-b .tg-ft, .grp-j .tg-ft{fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.45);}\n .grp-d .tg-ft, .grp-zh .tg-ft{fill:rgba(79,111,82,0.45);}\n .grp-g .tg-ft, .grp-z .tg-ft{fill:rgba(143,107,52,0.45);}\n\n .tg-vc{fill:#6E685E;}\n \n \/* \u6c23\u6d41\u7bad\u982d\u52d5\u614b *\/\n .tg-aw{\n fill:none;\n stroke:#2E8B7E;\n stroke-width:2.2;\n stroke-linecap:round;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n opacity:0;\n }\n .tg-aw.tg-dash{stroke-dasharray:3 3;}\n\n \/* \u89e3\u5256\u6587\u5b57\u8207\u7d30\u7dfb\u6a19\u9ede *\/\n .tg-dot{fill:var(--gold);}\n .tg-lb{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:10px;\n font-weight:600;\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n fill:var(--ink-soft);\n stroke:none;\n }\n .tg-lb-front{\n font-size:9px;\n fill:var(--gold);\n }\n .tg-cap{\n font-size:11.5px;\n line-height:1.45;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n margin:7px 2px 0;\n padding-top:6px;\n border-top:1px dashed var(--line);\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <div class=\"hero-stamp\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\">\n <rect x=\"4\" y=\"4\" width=\"92\" height=\"92\" rx=\"8\" fill=\"#B23A2E\"><\/rect>\n <rect x=\"12\" y=\"12\" width=\"76\" height=\"76\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.5)\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/rect>\n <text x=\"50\" y=\"66\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"'Noto Serif TC', serif\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"46\" fill=\"#F4E9DD\">\u8072<\/text>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"eyebrow\">OneDotDot Chinese \u00b7 Pronunciation<\/div>\n <h1 class=\"hero-title\"><span class=\"cjk\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8072\u6bcd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u58f0\u6bcd<\/span><\/span>Initials \u2014 Part 2<\/h1>\n <p class=\"hero-sub\">The ten trickiest initials in Mandarin \u2014 where English speakers usually stumble. This is a listening-first guide to <strong>j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x \u00b7 zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r \u00b7 z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s<\/strong> \u2014 grouped by tongue position, with the aspiration and lip-shape details that separate near-identical sounds.<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <section class=\"series\">\n <span class=\"series-eyebrow\">Hanyu Pinyin \u00b7 a 5-part foundation<\/span>\n <div class=\"series-steps\">\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">01<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 1<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">b p m f \u00b7 d t n l \u00b7 g k h<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <span class=\"step current\" aria-current=\"page\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">02<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 2<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">j q x \u00b7 zh ch sh r \u00b7 z c s \u2014 you are here<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/hanyu-pinyin3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">03<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Simple Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">a \u00b7 o \u00b7 i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc \u00b7 e<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/03\/compound-finals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">04<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Compound Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">ai\u00b7ei\u00b7ao\u00b7ou \u00b7 an\u00b7eng\u00b7ong \u00b7 er, +more<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/02\/22\/pinyin-spelling-rules\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">05<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Spelling Rules<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">spacing \u00b7 tones \u00b7 y\/w\/yu \u00b7 erhua<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"overview\">\n <h3>Mastering the 10 initials<\/h3>\n <p>Grouped by tongue position \u2014 flat-tongue palatals, curled-tongue retroflexes, and flat dental sibilants. Tap any letter to jump straight to it.<\/p>\n <div class=\"overview-chip-row\">\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-j\" href=\"#group-jqx\">j<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-j\" href=\"#group-jqx\">q<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-j\" href=\"#group-jqx\">x<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-zh\" href=\"#group-zhchshr\">zh<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-zh\" href=\"#group-zhchshr\">ch<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-zh\" href=\"#group-zhchshr\">sh<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-zh\" href=\"#group-zhchshr\">r<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-z\" href=\"#group-zcs\">z<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-z\" href=\"#group-zcs\">c<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-z\" href=\"#group-zcs\">s<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <nav class=\"groups-nav\">\n <div class=\"row\">\n <a href=\"#group-jqx\">j q x<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-zhchshr\">zh ch sh r<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-zcs\">z c s<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/nav>\n\n <main>\n\n \n <section class=\"init-group grp-j\" id=\"group-jqx\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"j_%C2%B7_q_%C2%B7_x\"><\/span>j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">flat tongue against the hard palate \u2014 no real English equivalent<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"init-grid\">\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">j<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/j.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play j\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Like the \u201cj\u201d in \u201c<u>j<\/u>eep.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><\/div>\n <ol class=\"init-steps\">\n <li>Raise the flat center of your tongue toward the roof of the mouth.<\/li>\n <li>Rest the tip of your tongue against the back of your lower teeth.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Stuck? Try the \u201cch\u201d in \u201ccheese\u201d \u2014 but let zero air escape.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">q<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/q.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play q\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cch\u201d in \u201ccheese.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge aspirated\">air comes out<\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Same tongue position as \u201cj\u201d \u2014 just push the air out strongly.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">x<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/x.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play x\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">No real equivalent in English.<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><\/div>\n <ol class=\"init-steps\">\n <li>Spread your lips into a slight smile.<\/li>\n <li>Raise the flat center of your tongue until it nearly touches the hard palate.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/jiqixi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">ji<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>qi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ju<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>qu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xu<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/qiqu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">qi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>qu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ji<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ju<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"init-group grp-zh\" id=\"group-zhchshr\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zh_%C2%B7_ch_%C2%B7_sh_%C2%B7_r\"><\/span>zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">tongue curled back toward the hard palate \u2014 retroflex<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"init-grid\">\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">zh<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zh.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play zh\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cj\u201d in \u201cjerk.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><span class=\"badge\">round lips<\/span><\/div>\n <ol class=\"init-steps\">\n <li>Curl the tip of your tongue up to lightly touch the hard palate.<\/li>\n <li>Relax it and let the air hiss through the channel that forms.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">ch<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/chi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play ch\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cch\u201d in \u201cchip.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge aspirated\">air comes out<\/span><span class=\"badge\">round lips<\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Same position as \u201czh\u201d \u2014 just add a strong puff of air.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">sh<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/shi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play sh\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201csh\u201d in \u201cshirt.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><span class=\"badge\">round lips<\/span><\/div>\n <ol class=\"init-steps\">\n <li>Curl the tongue tip up close to \u2014 but not touching \u2014 the hard palate.<\/li>\n <li>Squeeze the air out through the gap.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">r<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ri.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play r\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cr\u201d in \u201cred.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><span class=\"badge\">flat lips<\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Same position as \u201csh\u201d \u2014 just flatten your lips instead of rounding them.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/chichi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">zhi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>chi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>shi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ri<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>zhu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>chu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ru<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zhehsuche.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">zhe<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>shu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>che<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>re<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>zha<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>cha<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>sha<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"init-group grp-z\" id=\"group-zcs\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"z_%C2%B7_c_%C2%B7_s\"><\/span>z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">tongue against the back of the upper teeth \u2014 dental sibilants<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"init-grid\">\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">z<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/z.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play z\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cds\u201d in \u201cgoods.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><\/div>\n <ol class=\"init-steps\">\n <li>Touch your tongue to the back of your upper teeth.<\/li>\n <li>Relax it and let the air hiss through.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">c<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/c.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play c\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cts\u201d in \u201cseats.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge aspirated\">air comes out<\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Same position as \u201cz\u201d \u2014 just add a strong puff of air.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">s<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/s.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play s\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the English \u201cs.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Bring your tongue almost \u2014 but not quite \u2014 to the back of your upper teeth.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zici.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">zi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ci<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>si<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>zu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>cu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>su<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zesu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">ze<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>su<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ce<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>za<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ca<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>sa<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <\/main>\n\n <section class=\"quiz\" id=\"quiz\">\n <div class=\"quiz-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Listening_check_%E2%80%94_9_questions\"><\/span>Listening check \u2014 9 questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p>Every clip is the site’s own recording. Press play, then pick what you heard \u2014 no text hints. The last three test your ear for the family a string of examples belongs to.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <form id=\"quiz-form\">\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"j\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">01<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/j.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"j\"> j<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"q\"> q<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"x\"> x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"zh\"> zh<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"x\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">02<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/x.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"x\"> x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"sh\"> sh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"s\"> s<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"j\"> j<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"zh\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">03<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zh.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"zh\"> zh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"z\"> z<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"j\"> j<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"ch\"> ch<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"sh\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">04<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/shi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"sh\"> sh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"x\"> x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"s\"> s<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"r\"> r<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"r\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">05<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ri.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"r\"> r<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"sh\"> sh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"zh\"> zh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"ch\"> ch<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"z\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">06<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/z.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"z\"> z<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"zh\"> zh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"c\"> c<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"s\"> s<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"jqx\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">07<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/jiqixi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables belongs to which group?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"jqx\"> j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"zhchshr\"> zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"zcs\"> z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"bpmf\"> b \u00b7 p \u00b7 m \u00b7 f<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"zhchshr\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">08<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/chichi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables belongs to which group?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"jqx\"> j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"zhchshr\"> zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"zcs\"> z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"dtnl\"> d \u00b7 t \u00b7 n \u00b7 l<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"zcs\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">09<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zesu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables belongs to which group?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"jqx\"> j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"zhchshr\"> zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"zcs\"> z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"gkh\"> g \u00b7 k \u00b7 h<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-actions\">\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"quiz-submit\" id=\"quiz-submit\">Check my answers<\/button>\n <span class=\"quiz-result\" id=\"quiz-result\"><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/form>\n <\/section>\n\n <footer>\n <svg class=\"footer-wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 40\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n <path d=\"M0 20 C 40 2, 80 38, 120 20 S 200 2, 240 20 S 320 38, 360 20 S 440 2, 480 20 S 560 38, 600 20 S 680 2, 720 20 S 780 30, 800 20\"><\/path>\n <\/svg>\n <\/footer>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n let currentAudio = null;\n document.querySelectorAll('.play-btn, .init-play').forEach(btn => {\n btn.addEventListener('click', () => {\n const src = btn.getAttribute('data-src');\n if (currentAudio && !currentAudio.paused) {\n currentAudio.pause();\n currentAudio.currentTime = 0;\n }\n const audio = new Audio(src);\n currentAudio = audio;\n audio.play().catch(() => {});\n });\n });\n\n const sections = document.querySelectorAll('section.init-group');\n const io = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {\n entries.forEach(e => {\n if (e.isIntersecting) {\n e.target.classList.add('in-view');\n io.unobserve(e.target);\n }\n });\n }, { threshold: 0.15 });\n sections.forEach(s => io.observe(s));\n\n const quizSubmit = document.getElementById('quiz-submit');\n const quizResult = document.getElementById('quiz-result');\n quizSubmit.addEventListener('click', () => {\n const questions = document.querySelectorAll('.quiz-q');\n let correctCount = 0;\n questions.forEach(q => {\n const answer = q.getAttribute('data-answer');\n const inputs = q.querySelectorAll('input[type=\"radio\"]');\n let picked = null;\n inputs.forEach(input => {\n const label = input.closest('label');\n label.classList.remove('right-answer', 'picked-wrong');\n if (input.checked) picked = input;\n });\n q.classList.remove('graded', 'correct', 'incorrect');\n q.classList.add('graded');\n const isCorrect = picked && picked.value === answer;\n if (isCorrect) correctCount++;\n q.classList.add(isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect');\n inputs.forEach(input => {\n const label = input.closest('label');\n if (input.value === answer) label.classList.add('right-answer');\n else if (picked && input === picked) label.classList.add('picked-wrong');\n });\n });\n quizResult.textContent = `${correctCount} \/ ${questions.length} correct`;\n quizResult.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest' });\n });\n<\/script>\n\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n var REST=[162,98,140,90,112,84,84,84,58,94,40,116,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,120,158,110];\n var ALV=[164,58,142,64,112,72,84,84,58,98,40,120,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,130,140,100,158,80];\n var LAT=[164,58,142,70,112,84,84,86,58,96,40,118,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,110,158,80];\n var VEL=[160,100,138,90,104,66,72,37,50,58,38,104,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,132,140,118,158,110];\n var GLO=[160,100,138,90,104,76,72,52,50,68,38,106,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,132,140,118,158,110];\n \n \/* \u512a\u5316\u5f8c\u7684 JQ \u8207 XX\uff1a\u6d88\u9664\u820c\u5c16\u904e\u92b3\u593e\u89d2\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u9f52\u80cc\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8207\u786c\u984e\u62f1\u8d77 *\/\n var JQ=[163,96,144,40,118,52,90,72,60,88,40,114,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,118,155,106];\n var XX=[163,96,144,50,118,58,90,76,60,90,40,116,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,118,155,106];\n \n var ZH=[134,36,112,40,124,64,100,92,72,106,46,124,34,150,34,176,62,176,82,160,116,152,152,116,150,70];\n var SH=[134,46,112,50,124,70,100,96,72,108,46,124,34,150,34,176,62,176,82,160,116,152,152,118,150,76];\n var RR=[134,52,112,56,124,76,100,100,72,110,46,124,34,150,34,176,62,176,82,160,116,152,152,120,150,82];\n var ZZ=[167,64,146,66,114,74,86,86,58,98,40,120,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,130,142,104,160,84];\n var SS=[163,66,146,68,114,76,86,88,58,98,40,120,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,130,142,106,160,86];\n var AIR={\n puff:'M204 77 H240 M204 83 H248 M242 78 L248 83 L242 88 M204 89 H240',\n weak:'M204 83 H222 M217 79 L222 83 L217 87',\n flow:'M204 83 H244 M238 79 L244 83 L238 87',\n nose:'M70 14 C110 4 160 6 192 18 M184 10 L192 18 L181 22'\n };\n\n function E(p,l,a,c,x){x=x||{};return {p:p,l:l,n:x.n||0,v:x.v||0,rx:x.rx||22,rs:x.rs||1,lp:x.lp||0,a:a,c:c};}\n var RND={rx:15,rs:1.3,lp:5};\n var SPR={rx:27};\n var D={\n b:E(REST,[0,-14],'weak','Lips seal, then open. Almost no puff of air.'),\n p:E(REST,[0,-14],'puff','Lips seal, then pop open with a strong puff of air.'),\n m:E(REST,[0,-14],'nose','Lips sealed, soft palate lowered: the sound flows out through the nose.',{n:1,v:1}),\n f:E(REST,[-4,-16],'flow','Upper teeth rest on the lower lip; air hisses through the gap.'),\n d:E(ALV,[0,-9],'weak','Tongue tip taps the gum ridge, then releases. No puff.'),\n t:E(ALV,[0,-9],'puff','Tongue tip taps the gum ridge, then releases with a puff of air.'),\n n:E(ALV,[0,-9],'nose','Tongue tip on the gum ridge, soft palate lowered: air flows through the nose.',{n:1,v:1}),\n l:E(LAT,[0,-9],'side','Tongue tip stays on the ridge; air slips out along both sides of the tongue.',{v:1}),\n g:E(VEL,[0,2],'weak','Back of the tongue lifts to the soft palate, then releases. No puff.'),\n k:E(VEL,[0,2],'puff','Back of the tongue lifts to the soft palate, then releases with a puff of air.'),\n h:E(GLO,[0,2],'flow','Back of the tongue rises toward the soft palate without touching; air rubs through.'),\n j:E(JQ,[0,-9],'weak','Tongue tip stays down; the flat front of the tongue seals against the hard palate, then releases. No puff. Lips spread.',SPR),\n q:E(JQ,[0,-9],'puff','Same as j, but release with a strong puff of air. Lips spread.',SPR),\n x:E(XX,[0,-9],'flow','Tongue tip stays down; the front of the tongue rises close to the hard palate and air hisses through. Lips spread.',SPR),\n zh:E(ZH,[0,-6],'weak','Tongue tip curls up to touch the hard palate, then releases. No puff. Lips slightly rounded.',RND),\n ch:E(ZH,[0,-6],'puff','Same as zh, but release with a strong puff of air. Lips slightly rounded.',RND),\n sh:E(SH,[0,-6],'flow','Tongue tip curls up close to the hard palate without touching; air hisses through. Lips slightly rounded.',RND),\n r:E(RR,[0,-6],'flow','Curled tongue like sh, but voiced and with flat lips.',{v:1,rx:24}),\n z:E(ZZ,[0,-9],'weak','Tongue tip touches the back of the upper teeth, then releases. No puff.'),\n c:E(ZZ,[0,-9],'puff','Same as z, but release with a strong puff of air.'),\n s:E(SS,[0,-9],'flow','Tongue tip stays close to the back of the upper teeth without touching; air hisses through.')\n };\n\n var uid=0;\n function staticSvg(id, grp){\n var c1 = '#C25B50', c2 = '#8F2E24';\n if(grp === 'zh'){ c1 = '#4F6F52'; c2 = '#364F38'; }\n else if(grp === 'z'){ c1 = '#8f6b34'; c2 = '#634921'; }\n\n return ''+\n '<defs>'+\n '<linearGradient id=\"'+id+'_tg\" x1=\"0%\" y1=\"0%\" x2=\"0%\" y2=\"100%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"'+c1+'\" stop-opacity=\"0.68\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"50%\" stop-color=\"'+c1+'\" stop-opacity=\"0.4\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"'+c2+'\" stop-opacity=\"0.16\"\/>'+\n '<\/linearGradient>'+\n '<radialGradient id=\"'+id+'_resGlow\" cx=\"45%\" cy=\"40%\" r=\"55%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0.4\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"60%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0.12\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0\"\/>'+\n '<\/radialGradient>'+\n '<radialGradient id=\"'+id+'_mo\" cx=\"50%\" cy=\"50%\" r=\"55%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"25%\" stop-color=\"#1E1413\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"80%\" stop-color=\"#381D1A\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#4F2622\"\/>'+\n '<\/radialGradient>'+\n '<clipPath id=\"'+id+'\"><ellipse class=\"tg-cl\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"22\" ry=\"8\"\/><\/clipPath>'+\n '<\/defs>'+\n '<g transform=\"translate(332 0) scale(-1 1)\">'+\n ''+\n '<path class=\"tg-res-glow\" d=\"\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_resGlow)\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M20 34 V182\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M52 38 C90 24 136 24 166 48 L170 56\"\/>'+\n '<path d=\"M52 38 C92 30 134 30 166 46\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(91,86,76,0.22)\" stroke-width=\"1.2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3 3\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M166 46 C168 29 176 21 190 17 C202 14 208 21 212 27 L202 33\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line tg-jaw\" d=\"\"\/>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-vel\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-velum-body\" d=\"M52 38 C46 50 40 64 36 71 C35 74 38 75 41 73 C45 68 51 51 55 40 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tongue\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_tg)\" d=\"\"\/>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-up\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-gum\" d=\"M167 50 C171 50 177 52 179 56 L168 56 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tooth\" d=\"M169 56 C172 56 177 56 178 57 L177 73 C174 74 171 74 169 73 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-lip\" d=\"M178 50 C196 52 202 58 202 65 C202 73 194 75 178 75 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-low\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-gum\" d=\"M167 114 C171 114 177 112 179 108 L168 108 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tooth\" d=\"M169 108 C172 108 177 108 178 107 L177 91 C174 90 171 90 169 91 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-lip\" d=\"M178 90 C194 90 202 93 202 101 C202 109 196 115 178 116 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<polygon class=\"tg-vc tg-vl\" points=\"8,170 20,176 8,182\"\/>'+\n '<polygon class=\"tg-vc tg-vr\" points=\"38,170 26,176 38,182\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-aw\" d=\"\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-lip-front tg-ol\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"32\" ry=\"21\"\/>'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-mo\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_mo)\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"22\" ry=\"8\"\/>'+\n '<g clip-path=\"url(#'+id+')\">'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-ft\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"101\" rx=\"16\" ry=\"7\"\/>'+\n '<rect class=\"tg-ut tg-front-tooth\" x=\"22\" y=\"88\" width=\"36\" height=\"3.5\" rx=\"1.2\"\/>'+\n '<rect class=\"tg-lt tg-front-tooth\" x=\"22\" y=\"100\" width=\"36\" height=\"3.5\" rx=\"1.2\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"218\" cy=\"27\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"218\" y=\"17\" text-anchor=\"middle\">palate<\/text>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"248\" cy=\"120\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"248\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"middle\">tongue<\/text>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"138\" cy=\"102\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"126\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"end\">lips<\/text>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb 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i=0;REST.length>i;i++){pts.push(REST[i]+(d.p[i]-REST[i])*k);}\n c.tongue.setAttribute('d',spline(pts));\n\n \/\/ 70% \u53e3\u8154\u5171\u9cf4\u8154\u52d5\u614b\u5149\u6688\n if(c.resGlow){\n var tTipY = pts[1], tBladeY = pts[3], tBackY = pts[5];\n c.resGlow.setAttribute('d',\n 'M54 '+(38+k*3).toFixed(1)+\n ' C90 '+(25+k*2).toFixed(1)+' 136 26 166 48 L170 56'+\n ' C152 '+(tTipY-6).toFixed(1)+' 112 '+(tBladeY-6).toFixed(1)+' 54 '+(tBackY-2).toFixed(1)+' Z'\n );\n c.resGlow.style.opacity = (0.35 + 0.55 * (1 - k)).toFixed(2);\n }\n\n var lp=d.lp*k,dx=d.l[0]*k+lp,dy=d.l[1]*k;\n c.up.setAttribute('transform','translate('+lp.toFixed(1)+' '+(-dy*0.25).toFixed(1)+')');\n c.low.setAttribute('transform','translate('+dx.toFixed(1)+' '+dy.toFixed(1)+')');\n c.jaw.setAttribute('d','M196 '+(116+dy).toFixed(1)+' C200 '+(152+dy*0.6).toFixed(1)+' 168 '+(168+dy*0.3).toFixed(1)+' 124 '+(166+dy*0.2).toFixed(1)+' C90 164 60 156 46 146');\n c.vel.setAttribute('transform','rotate('+(d.n?0:53*k).toFixed(1)+' 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<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \u8072\u6bcd \u58f0\u6bcd \u00b7 Initials Part 2 \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin=\"\">\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,400;9..144,500;9..144,600;9..144,700&family=Noto+Serif+TC:wght@500;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <style>\n :root{\n --paper:#FFFFFF;\n --paper-dim:#F7F4EE;\n --ink:#2A2723;\n --ink-soft:#5B564C;\n --seal:#B23A2E;\n --seal-dim:#8f2e24;\n --bamboo:#4F6F52;\n --gold:#AD8A4D;\n --velar:#8f6b34;\n --line: rgba(42,39,35,0.13);\n --radius: 3px;\n }\n *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}\n body{\n margin:0;\n background:var(--paper);\n color:var(--ink);\n font-family:'Inter', sans-serif;\n }\n\n .wrap{\n position:relative;\n z-index:1;\n max-width:920px;\n margin:0 auto;\n padding:0 24px;\n background:#FFFFFF;\n background-image:\n radial-gradient(circle at 12% 4%, rgba(178,58,46,0.06), transparent 45%);\n }\n\n .wrap::before{\n content:\"\";\n position:absolute;\n inset:0;\n pointer-events:none;\n opacity:0.25;\n z-index:-1;\n background-image:\n repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(42,39,35,0.015) 0px, rgba(42,39,35,0.015) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- HERO ---------- *\/\n header.hero{\n padding:72px 0 56px;\n position:relative;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .eyebrow{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:12.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.18em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n color:var(--seal);\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n margin-bottom:22px;\n }\n .eyebrow::before{\n content:\"\";\n width:26px; 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margin:0 3px;}\n\n \/* ---------- QUIZ ---------- *\/\n section.quiz{\n padding:56px 0 64px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-head{margin-bottom:32px;}\n .quiz-head h2{\n font-family:'Fraunces', serif;\n font-size:30px;\n font-weight:600;\n margin:0 0 8px;\n }\n .quiz-head p{\n font-size:14.5px;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n max-width:560px;\n line-height:1.6;\n margin:0;\n }\n .quiz-q{\n padding:22px 0;\n border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n }\n .quiz-q:first-of-type{padding-top:0;}\n .quiz-question{\n font-size:16px;\n margin:0 0 14px;\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n gap:10px;\n }\n .quiz-question .qnum{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n color:var(--gold);\n flex-shrink:0;\n }\n .quiz-options{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n gap:8px;\n }\n .quiz-options label{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:10px;\n font-size:14.5px;\n padding:9px 12px;\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:var(--radius);\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:border-color .15s ease, background .15s ease;\n }\n .quiz-options label:hover{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.035);\n }\n .quiz-options input{accent-color:var(--seal);}\n .quiz-q.graded.correct{border-left:3px solid var(--bamboo); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded.incorrect{border-left:3px solid var(--seal); padding-left:14px;}\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.right-answer{\n border-color:var(--bamboo);\n background:rgba(79,111,82,0.08);\n }\n .quiz-q.graded .quiz-options label.picked-wrong{\n border-color:var(--seal);\n background:rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n .quiz-actions{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:16px;\n margin-top:28px;\n flex-wrap:wrap;\n }\n .quiz-submit{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:13.5px;\n letter-spacing:0.04em;\n color:#F4E9DD;\n background:var(--seal);\n border:none;\n padding:12px 24px;\n border-radius:100px;\n cursor:pointer;\n transition:background .2s ease;\n }\n .quiz-submit:hover{background:var(--seal-dim);}\n .quiz-result{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:14px;\n color:var(--ink);\n }\n\n \/* ---------- FOOTER ---------- *\/\n footer{\n padding:56px 0 72px;\n border-top:1px solid var(--line);\n margin-top:12px;\n }\n .footer-wave{\n width:100%; height:40px;\n opacity:0.5;\n }\n .footer-wave path{fill:none; stroke:var(--seal); stroke-width:1;}\n\n @media (max-width:640px){\n .wrap{padding:0 5px;}\n .series-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr;}\n .init-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}\n header.hero{padding:52px 0 40px;}\n .hero-stamp{width:64px;height:64px; top:48px;}\n }\n\n @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n section.init-group{transition:none; opacity:1; transform:none;}\n html{scroll-behavior:auto;}\n }\n\n \/* ========================================================\n \u7cbe\u7dfb\u820c\u4f4d\u5716\u8996\u89ba\u6a23\u5f0f\uff08\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8207\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u5347\u7d1a\u7e6a\u88fd\u8cea\u611f\uff09\n ======================================================== *\/\n .tg-wrap{\n border:1px solid var(--line);\n border-radius:6px;\n background:#FAF8F5;\n padding:8px 8px 10px;\n cursor:pointer;\n box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(42,39,35,0.03);\n transition:border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease;\n }\n .tg-wrap:hover{\n border-color:rgba(178,58,46,0.35);\n box-shadow:0 3px 12px rgba(178,58,46,0.06);\n }\n .tg-svg{\n display:block;\n width:100%;\n height:auto;\n }\n \/* \u89e3\u5256\u9aa8\u58c1\u7dda\u689d\uff1a\u6c89\u7a69\u58a8\u68d5 *\/\n .tg-line{\n fill:none;\n stroke:#3D3833;\n stroke-width:2.2;\n stroke-linecap:round;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n \/* \u8edf\u984e\/\u5c0f\u820c\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u89e3\u5256\u539a\u5ea6 *\/\n .tg-velum-body{\n fill:#EAE3D6;\n stroke:#3D3833;\n stroke-width:1.6;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n \/* \u7259\u9f52\u8207\u7259\u9f66 *\/\n .tg-gum{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.22);\n }\n .grp-zh .tg-gum{fill:rgba(79,111,82,0.22);}\n .grp-z .tg-gum{fill:rgba(143,107,52,0.22);}\n\n .tg-tooth{\n fill:#FFFFFF;\n stroke:#6E685E;\n stroke-width:1.2;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-front-tooth{\n fill:#FFFFFF;\n stroke:#6E685E;\n stroke-width:0.9;\n }\n \/* \u5507\u74e3\u5074\u5207\u9762\u8207\u6b63\u8996\u9762 *\/\n .tg-lip{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.26);\n stroke:var(--seal);\n stroke-width:1.6;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .tg-lip-front{\n fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.22);\n stroke:var(--seal);\n stroke-width:1.5;\n }\n .grp-zh .tg-lip, .grp-zh .tg-lip-front{stroke:var(--bamboo);}\n .grp-z .tg-lip, .grp-z .tg-lip-front{stroke:var(--velar);}\n\n \/* \u820c\u9ad4\u6f38\u5c64\u8207\u908a\u7de3\u7dda *\/\n .tg-tongue{\n stroke-width:2;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n }\n .grp-b .tg-tongue, .grp-j .tg-tongue{stroke:var(--seal);}\n .grp-d .tg-tongue, .grp-zh .tg-tongue{stroke:var(--bamboo);}\n .grp-g .tg-tongue, .grp-z .tg-tongue{stroke:var(--velar);}\n\n .tg-ft{stroke:none;}\n .grp-b .tg-ft, .grp-j .tg-ft{fill:rgba(178,58,46,0.45);}\n .grp-d .tg-ft, .grp-zh .tg-ft{fill:rgba(79,111,82,0.45);}\n .grp-g .tg-ft, .grp-z .tg-ft{fill:rgba(143,107,52,0.45);}\n\n .tg-vc{fill:#6E685E;}\n \n \/* \u6c23\u6d41\u7bad\u982d\u52d5\u614b *\/\n .tg-aw{\n fill:none;\n stroke:#2E8B7E;\n stroke-width:2.2;\n stroke-linecap:round;\n stroke-linejoin:round;\n opacity:0;\n }\n .tg-aw.tg-dash{stroke-dasharray:3 3;}\n\n \/* \u89e3\u5256\u6587\u5b57\u8207\u7d30\u7dfb\u6a19\u9ede *\/\n .tg-dot{fill:var(--gold);}\n .tg-lb{\n font-family:'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size:10px;\n font-weight:600;\n letter-spacing:0.06em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n fill:var(--ink-soft);\n stroke:none;\n }\n .tg-lb-front{\n font-size:9px;\n fill:var(--gold);\n }\n .tg-cap{\n font-size:11.5px;\n line-height:1.45;\n color:var(--ink-soft);\n margin:7px 2px 0;\n padding-top:6px;\n border-top:1px dashed var(--line);\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n <header class=\"hero\">\n <div class=\"hero-stamp\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\">\n <rect x=\"4\" y=\"4\" width=\"92\" height=\"92\" rx=\"8\" fill=\"#B23A2E\"><\/rect>\n <rect x=\"12\" y=\"12\" width=\"76\" height=\"76\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.5)\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/rect>\n <text x=\"50\" y=\"66\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"'Noto Serif TC', serif\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"46\" fill=\"#F4E9DD\">\u8072<\/text>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"eyebrow\">OneDotDot Chinese \u00b7 Pronunciation<\/div>\n <h1 class=\"hero-title\"><span class=\"cjk\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8072\u6bcd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u58f0\u6bcd<\/span><\/span>Initials \u2014 Part 2<\/h1>\n <p class=\"hero-sub\">The ten trickiest initials in Mandarin \u2014 where English speakers usually stumble. This is a listening-first guide to <strong>j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x \u00b7 zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r \u00b7 z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s<\/strong> \u2014 grouped by tongue position, with the aspiration and lip-shape details that separate near-identical sounds.<\/p>\n <\/header>\n\n <section class=\"series\">\n <span class=\"series-eyebrow\">Hanyu Pinyin \u00b7 a 5-part foundation<\/span>\n <div class=\"series-steps\">\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/27\/hanyupinyin1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">01<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 1<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">b p m f \u00b7 d t n l \u00b7 g k h<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <span class=\"step current\" aria-current=\"page\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">02<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Initials \u2014 Part 2<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">j q x \u00b7 zh ch sh r \u00b7 z c s \u2014 you are here<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/hanyu-pinyin3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">03<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Simple Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">a \u00b7 o \u00b7 i \u00b7 u \u00b7 \u00fc \u00b7 e<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/03\/compound-finals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">04<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Compound Finals<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">ai\u00b7ei\u00b7ao\u00b7ou \u00b7 an\u00b7eng\u00b7ong \u00b7 er, +more<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/02\/22\/pinyin-spelling-rules\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n <span class=\"step-num\">05<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-title\">Spelling Rules<\/span>\n <span class=\"step-desc\">spacing \u00b7 tones \u00b7 y\/w\/yu \u00b7 erhua<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <section class=\"overview\">\n <h3>Mastering the 10 initials<\/h3>\n <p>Grouped by tongue position \u2014 flat-tongue palatals, curled-tongue retroflexes, and flat dental sibilants. Tap any letter to jump straight to it.<\/p>\n <div class=\"overview-chip-row\">\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-j\" href=\"#group-jqx\">j<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-j\" href=\"#group-jqx\">q<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-j\" href=\"#group-jqx\">x<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-zh\" href=\"#group-zhchshr\">zh<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-zh\" href=\"#group-zhchshr\">ch<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-zh\" href=\"#group-zhchshr\">sh<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-zh\" href=\"#group-zhchshr\">r<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-z\" href=\"#group-zcs\">z<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-z\" href=\"#group-zcs\">c<\/a>\n <a class=\"overview-chip grp-z\" href=\"#group-zcs\">s<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <nav class=\"groups-nav\">\n <div class=\"row\">\n <a href=\"#group-jqx\">j q x<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-zhchshr\">zh ch sh r<\/a>\n <a href=\"#group-zcs\">z c s<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/nav>\n\n <main>\n\n \n <section class=\"init-group grp-j\" id=\"group-jqx\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"j_%C2%B7_q_%C2%B7_x\"><\/span>j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">flat tongue against the hard palate \u2014 no real English equivalent<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"init-grid\">\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">j<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/j.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play j\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Like the \u201cj\u201d in \u201c<u>j<\/u>eep.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><\/div>\n <ol class=\"init-steps\">\n <li>Raise the flat center of your tongue toward the roof of the mouth.<\/li>\n <li>Rest the tip of your tongue against the back of your lower teeth.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Stuck? Try the \u201cch\u201d in \u201ccheese\u201d \u2014 but let zero air escape.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">q<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/q.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play q\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cch\u201d in \u201ccheese.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge aspirated\">air comes out<\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Same tongue position as \u201cj\u201d \u2014 just push the air out strongly.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">x<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/x.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play x\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">No real equivalent in English.<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><\/div>\n <ol class=\"init-steps\">\n <li>Spread your lips into a slight smile.<\/li>\n <li>Raise the flat center of your tongue until it nearly touches the hard palate.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/jiqixi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">ji<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>qi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ju<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>qu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xu<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/qiqu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">qi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>qu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>xu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ji<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ju<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"init-group grp-zh\" id=\"group-zhchshr\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zh_%C2%B7_ch_%C2%B7_sh_%C2%B7_r\"><\/span>zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">tongue curled back toward the hard palate \u2014 retroflex<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"init-grid\">\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">zh<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zh.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play zh\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cj\u201d in \u201cjerk.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><span class=\"badge\">round lips<\/span><\/div>\n <ol class=\"init-steps\">\n <li>Curl the tip of your tongue up to lightly touch the hard palate.<\/li>\n <li>Relax it and let the air hiss through the channel that forms.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">ch<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/chi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play ch\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cch\u201d in \u201cchip.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge aspirated\">air comes out<\/span><span class=\"badge\">round lips<\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Same position as \u201czh\u201d \u2014 just add a strong puff of air.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">sh<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/shi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play sh\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201csh\u201d in \u201cshirt.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><span class=\"badge\">round lips<\/span><\/div>\n <ol class=\"init-steps\">\n <li>Curl the tongue tip up close to \u2014 but not touching \u2014 the hard palate.<\/li>\n <li>Squeeze the air out through the gap.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">r<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ri.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play r\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cr\u201d in \u201cred.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><span class=\"badge\">flat lips<\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Same position as \u201csh\u201d \u2014 just flatten your lips instead of rounding them.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/chichi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">zhi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>chi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>shi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ri<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>zhu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>chu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ru<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zhehsuche.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">zhe<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>shu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>che<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>re<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>zha<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>cha<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>sha<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n \n <section class=\"init-group grp-z\" id=\"group-zcs\">\n <div class=\"group-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"z_%C2%B7_c_%C2%B7_s\"><\/span>z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p class=\"subhead\">tongue against the back of the upper teeth \u2014 dental sibilants<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"init-grid\">\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">z<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/z.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play z\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cds\u201d in \u201cgoods.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><\/div>\n <ol class=\"init-steps\">\n <li>Touch your tongue to the back of your upper teeth.<\/li>\n <li>Relax it and let the air hiss through.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">c<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/c.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play c\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the \u201cts\u201d in \u201cseats.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge aspirated\">air comes out<\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Same position as \u201cz\u201d \u2014 just add a strong puff of air.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"init-card\">\n <div class=\"init-card-top\">\n <div class=\"init-stamp\">s<\/div>\n <button class=\"init-play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/s.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play s\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"init-desc\">Similar to the English \u201cs.\u201d<\/p>\n <div class=\"badge-row\"><span class=\"badge unaspirated\">no air<\/span><\/div>\n <p class=\"init-note\">Bring your tongue almost \u2014 but not quite \u2014 to the back of your upper teeth.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zici.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">zi<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ci<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>si<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>zu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>cu<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>su<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"example-row\">\n <button class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zesu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play example\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n <\/button>\n <span class=\"example-syllables\">ze<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>su<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ce<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>za<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>ca<span class=\"sep\">\u00b7<\/span>sa<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <\/main>\n\n <section class=\"quiz\" id=\"quiz\">\n <div class=\"quiz-head\">\n <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Listening_check_%E2%80%94_9_questions\"><\/span>Listening check \u2014 9 questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n <p>Every clip is the site’s own recording. Press play, then pick what you heard \u2014 no text hints. The last three test your ear for the family a string of examples belongs to.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <form id=\"quiz-form\">\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"j\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">01<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/j.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"j\"> j<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"q\"> q<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"x\"> x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"zh\"> zh<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"x\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">02<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/x.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"x\"> x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"sh\"> sh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"s\"> s<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"j\"> j<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"zh\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">03<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zh.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"zh\"> zh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"z\"> z<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"j\"> j<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"ch\"> ch<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"sh\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">04<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/shi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"sh\"> sh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"x\"> x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"s\"> s<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"r\"> r<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"r\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">05<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ri.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"r\"> r<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"sh\"> sh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"zh\"> zh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"ch\"> ch<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"z\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">06<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/z.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n Which initial did you just hear?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"z\"> z<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"zh\"> zh<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"c\"> c<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"s\"> s<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"jqx\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">07<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/jiqixi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables belongs to which group?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"jqx\"> j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"zhchshr\"> zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"zcs\"> z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"bpmf\"> b \u00b7 p \u00b7 m \u00b7 f<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"zhchshr\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">08<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/chichi.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables belongs to which group?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"jqx\"> j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"zhchshr\"> zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"zcs\"> z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"dtnl\"> d \u00b7 t \u00b7 n \u00b7 l<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-q\" data-answer=\"zcs\">\n <p class=\"quiz-question\"><span class=\"qnum\">09<\/span>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"play-btn\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/zesu.m4a\" aria-label=\"Play clip\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M8 5v14l11-7z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n This string of example syllables belongs to which group?<\/p>\n <div class=\"quiz-options\">\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"jqx\"> j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"zhchshr\"> zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"zcs\"> z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s<\/label>\n <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"gkh\"> g \u00b7 k \u00b7 h<\/label>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"quiz-actions\">\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"quiz-submit\" id=\"quiz-submit\">Check my answers<\/button>\n <span class=\"quiz-result\" id=\"quiz-result\"><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/form>\n <\/section>\n\n <footer>\n <svg class=\"footer-wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 40\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n <path d=\"M0 20 C 40 2, 80 38, 120 20 S 200 2, 240 20 S 320 38, 360 20 S 440 2, 480 20 S 560 38, 600 20 S 680 2, 720 20 S 780 30, 800 20\"><\/path>\n <\/svg>\n <\/footer>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n let currentAudio = null;\n document.querySelectorAll('.play-btn, .init-play').forEach(btn => {\n btn.addEventListener('click', () => {\n const src = btn.getAttribute('data-src');\n if (currentAudio && !currentAudio.paused) {\n currentAudio.pause();\n currentAudio.currentTime = 0;\n }\n const audio = new Audio(src);\n currentAudio = audio;\n audio.play().catch(() => {});\n });\n });\n\n const sections = document.querySelectorAll('section.init-group');\n const io = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {\n entries.forEach(e => {\n if (e.isIntersecting) {\n e.target.classList.add('in-view');\n io.unobserve(e.target);\n }\n });\n }, { threshold: 0.15 });\n sections.forEach(s => io.observe(s));\n\n const quizSubmit = document.getElementById('quiz-submit');\n const quizResult = document.getElementById('quiz-result');\n quizSubmit.addEventListener('click', () => {\n const questions = document.querySelectorAll('.quiz-q');\n let correctCount = 0;\n questions.forEach(q => {\n const answer = q.getAttribute('data-answer');\n const inputs = q.querySelectorAll('input[type=\"radio\"]');\n let picked = null;\n inputs.forEach(input => {\n const label = input.closest('label');\n label.classList.remove('right-answer', 'picked-wrong');\n if (input.checked) picked = input;\n });\n q.classList.remove('graded', 'correct', 'incorrect');\n q.classList.add('graded');\n const isCorrect = picked && picked.value === answer;\n if (isCorrect) correctCount++;\n q.classList.add(isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect');\n inputs.forEach(input => {\n const label = input.closest('label');\n if (input.value === answer) label.classList.add('right-answer');\n else if (picked && input === picked) label.classList.add('picked-wrong');\n });\n });\n quizResult.textContent = `${correctCount} \/ ${questions.length} correct`;\n quizResult.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest' });\n });\n<\/script>\n\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n var REST=[162,98,140,90,112,84,84,84,58,94,40,116,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,120,158,110];\n var ALV=[164,58,142,64,112,72,84,84,58,98,40,120,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,130,140,100,158,80];\n var LAT=[164,58,142,70,112,84,84,86,58,96,40,118,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,110,158,80];\n var VEL=[160,100,138,90,104,66,72,37,50,58,38,104,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,132,140,118,158,110];\n var GLO=[160,100,138,90,104,76,72,52,50,68,38,106,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,132,140,118,158,110];\n \n \/* \u512a\u5316\u5f8c\u7684 JQ \u8207 XX\uff1a\u6d88\u9664\u820c\u5c16\u904e\u92b3\u593e\u89d2\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u9f52\u80cc\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8207\u786c\u984e\u62f1\u8d77 *\/\n var JQ=[163,96,144,40,118,52,90,72,60,88,40,114,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,118,155,106];\n var XX=[163,96,144,50,118,58,90,76,60,90,40,116,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,134,140,118,155,106];\n \n var ZH=[134,36,112,40,124,64,100,92,72,106,46,124,34,150,34,176,62,176,82,160,116,152,152,116,150,70];\n var SH=[134,46,112,50,124,70,100,96,72,108,46,124,34,150,34,176,62,176,82,160,116,152,152,118,150,76];\n var RR=[134,52,112,56,124,76,100,100,72,110,46,124,34,150,34,176,62,176,82,160,116,152,152,120,150,82];\n var ZZ=[167,64,146,66,114,74,86,86,58,98,40,120,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,130,142,104,160,84];\n var SS=[163,66,146,68,114,76,86,88,58,98,40,120,34,150,34,176,62,176,84,152,112,130,142,106,160,86];\n var AIR={\n puff:'M204 77 H240 M204 83 H248 M242 78 L248 83 L242 88 M204 89 H240',\n weak:'M204 83 H222 M217 79 L222 83 L217 87',\n flow:'M204 83 H244 M238 79 L244 83 L238 87',\n nose:'M70 14 C110 4 160 6 192 18 M184 10 L192 18 L181 22'\n };\n\n function E(p,l,a,c,x){x=x||{};return {p:p,l:l,n:x.n||0,v:x.v||0,rx:x.rx||22,rs:x.rs||1,lp:x.lp||0,a:a,c:c};}\n var RND={rx:15,rs:1.3,lp:5};\n var SPR={rx:27};\n var D={\n b:E(REST,[0,-14],'weak','Lips seal, then open. Almost no puff of air.'),\n p:E(REST,[0,-14],'puff','Lips seal, then pop open with a strong puff of air.'),\n m:E(REST,[0,-14],'nose','Lips sealed, soft palate lowered: the sound flows out through the nose.',{n:1,v:1}),\n f:E(REST,[-4,-16],'flow','Upper teeth rest on the lower lip; air hisses through the gap.'),\n d:E(ALV,[0,-9],'weak','Tongue tip taps the gum ridge, then releases. No puff.'),\n t:E(ALV,[0,-9],'puff','Tongue tip taps the gum ridge, then releases with a puff of air.'),\n n:E(ALV,[0,-9],'nose','Tongue tip on the gum ridge, soft palate lowered: air flows through the nose.',{n:1,v:1}),\n l:E(LAT,[0,-9],'side','Tongue tip stays on the ridge; air slips out along both sides of the tongue.',{v:1}),\n g:E(VEL,[0,2],'weak','Back of the tongue lifts to the soft palate, then releases. No puff.'),\n k:E(VEL,[0,2],'puff','Back of the tongue lifts to the soft palate, then releases with a puff of air.'),\n h:E(GLO,[0,2],'flow','Back of the tongue rises toward the soft palate without touching; air rubs through.'),\n j:E(JQ,[0,-9],'weak','Tongue tip stays down; the flat front of the tongue seals against the hard palate, then releases. No puff. Lips spread.',SPR),\n q:E(JQ,[0,-9],'puff','Same as j, but release with a strong puff of air. Lips spread.',SPR),\n x:E(XX,[0,-9],'flow','Tongue tip stays down; the front of the tongue rises close to the hard palate and air hisses through. Lips spread.',SPR),\n zh:E(ZH,[0,-6],'weak','Tongue tip curls up to touch the hard palate, then releases. No puff. Lips slightly rounded.',RND),\n ch:E(ZH,[0,-6],'puff','Same as zh, but release with a strong puff of air. Lips slightly rounded.',RND),\n sh:E(SH,[0,-6],'flow','Tongue tip curls up close to the hard palate without touching; air hisses through. Lips slightly rounded.',RND),\n r:E(RR,[0,-6],'flow','Curled tongue like sh, but voiced and with flat lips.',{v:1,rx:24}),\n z:E(ZZ,[0,-9],'weak','Tongue tip touches the back of the upper teeth, then releases. No puff.'),\n c:E(ZZ,[0,-9],'puff','Same as z, but release with a strong puff of air.'),\n s:E(SS,[0,-9],'flow','Tongue tip stays close to the back of the upper teeth without touching; air hisses through.')\n };\n\n var uid=0;\n function staticSvg(id, grp){\n var c1 = '#C25B50', c2 = '#8F2E24';\n if(grp === 'zh'){ c1 = '#4F6F52'; c2 = '#364F38'; }\n else if(grp === 'z'){ c1 = '#8f6b34'; c2 = '#634921'; }\n\n return ''+\n '<defs>'+\n '<linearGradient id=\"'+id+'_tg\" x1=\"0%\" y1=\"0%\" x2=\"0%\" y2=\"100%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"'+c1+'\" stop-opacity=\"0.68\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"50%\" stop-color=\"'+c1+'\" stop-opacity=\"0.4\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"'+c2+'\" stop-opacity=\"0.16\"\/>'+\n '<\/linearGradient>'+\n '<radialGradient id=\"'+id+'_resGlow\" cx=\"45%\" cy=\"40%\" r=\"55%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0.4\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"60%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0.12\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#AD8A4D\" stop-opacity=\"0\"\/>'+\n '<\/radialGradient>'+\n '<radialGradient id=\"'+id+'_mo\" cx=\"50%\" cy=\"50%\" r=\"55%\">'+\n '<stop offset=\"25%\" stop-color=\"#1E1413\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"80%\" stop-color=\"#381D1A\"\/>'+\n '<stop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#4F2622\"\/>'+\n '<\/radialGradient>'+\n '<clipPath id=\"'+id+'\"><ellipse class=\"tg-cl\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"22\" ry=\"8\"\/><\/clipPath>'+\n '<\/defs>'+\n '<g transform=\"translate(332 0) scale(-1 1)\">'+\n ''+\n '<path class=\"tg-res-glow\" d=\"\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_resGlow)\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M20 34 V182\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M52 38 C90 24 136 24 166 48 L170 56\"\/>'+\n '<path d=\"M52 38 C92 30 134 30 166 46\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(91,86,76,0.22)\" stroke-width=\"1.2\" stroke-dasharray=\"3 3\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line\" d=\"M166 46 C168 29 176 21 190 17 C202 14 208 21 212 27 L202 33\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-line tg-jaw\" d=\"\"\/>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-vel\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-velum-body\" d=\"M52 38 C46 50 40 64 36 71 C35 74 38 75 41 73 C45 68 51 51 55 40 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tongue\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_tg)\" d=\"\"\/>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-up\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-gum\" d=\"M167 50 C171 50 177 52 179 56 L168 56 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tooth\" d=\"M169 56 C172 56 177 56 178 57 L177 73 C174 74 171 74 169 73 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-lip\" d=\"M178 50 C196 52 202 58 202 65 C202 73 194 75 178 75 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<g class=\"tg-low\">'+\n '<path class=\"tg-gum\" d=\"M167 114 C171 114 177 112 179 108 L168 108 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-tooth\" d=\"M169 108 C172 108 177 108 178 107 L177 91 C174 90 171 90 169 91 Z\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-lip\" d=\"M178 90 C194 90 202 93 202 101 C202 109 196 115 178 116 Z\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<polygon class=\"tg-vc tg-vl\" points=\"8,170 20,176 8,182\"\/>'+\n '<polygon class=\"tg-vc tg-vr\" points=\"38,170 26,176 38,182\"\/>'+\n '<path class=\"tg-aw\" d=\"\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-lip-front tg-ol\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"32\" ry=\"21\"\/>'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-mo\" fill=\"url(#'+id+'_mo)\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"96\" rx=\"22\" ry=\"8\"\/>'+\n '<g clip-path=\"url(#'+id+')\">'+\n '<ellipse class=\"tg-ft\" cx=\"40\" cy=\"101\" rx=\"16\" ry=\"7\"\/>'+\n '<rect class=\"tg-ut tg-front-tooth\" x=\"22\" y=\"88\" width=\"36\" height=\"3.5\" rx=\"1.2\"\/>'+\n '<rect class=\"tg-lt tg-front-tooth\" x=\"22\" y=\"100\" width=\"36\" height=\"3.5\" rx=\"1.2\"\/>'+\n '<\/g>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"218\" cy=\"27\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"218\" y=\"17\" text-anchor=\"middle\">palate<\/text>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"248\" cy=\"120\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"248\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"middle\">tongue<\/text>'+\n '<circle class=\"tg-dot\" cx=\"138\" cy=\"102\" r=\"2\"\/>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb\" x=\"126\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"end\">lips<\/text>'+\n '<text class=\"tg-lb tg-lb-front\" x=\"40\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">front<\/text>';\n }\n\n function ease(x){return x>0.5?1-Math.pow(-2*x+2,2)\/2:2*x*x;}\n\n function spline(p){\n var n=p.length\/2;\n function g(j){var k=(j+n)%n;return [p[2*k],p[2*k+1]];}\n var s=g(0);\n var d='M'+s[0].toFixed(1)+' '+s[1].toFixed(1);\n for(var i=0;n>i;i++){\n var a=g(i-1),b=g(i),c=g(i+1),e=g(i+2);\n d+='C'+(b[0]+(c[0]-a[0])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+(b[1]+(c[1]-a[1])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+\n (c[0]-(e[0]-b[0])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+(c[1]-(e[1]-b[1])\/6).toFixed(1)+' '+\n c[0].toFixed(1)+' '+c[1].toFixed(1);\n }\n return d+'Z';\n }\n\n function frame(c,t,still){\n var d=c.d,k=0,a=0,m=t%2800;\n if(600>m){k=ease(m\/600);}\n else if(1100>m){k=1;}\n else if(1600>m){k=1-ease((m-1100)\/500);}\n\n if(still){k=1;a=0.9;}\n else if(d.a==='puff'||d.a==='weak'){\n var q=(m-1100)\/800;\n if(q>0){if(1>q){a=Math.sin(Math.PI*q);}}\n if(d.a==='weak'){a=a*0.5;}\n } else {\n a=Math.max(0,(k-0.5)*2);\n }\n\n var pts=[];\n for(var i=0;REST.length>i;i++){pts.push(REST[i]+(d.p[i]-REST[i])*k);}\n c.tongue.setAttribute('d',spline(pts));\n\n \/\/ 70% \u53e3\u8154\u5171\u9cf4\u8154\u52d5\u614b\u5149\u6688\n if(c.resGlow){\n var tTipY = pts[1], tBladeY = pts[3], tBackY = pts[5];\n c.resGlow.setAttribute('d',\n 'M54 '+(38+k*3).toFixed(1)+\n ' C90 '+(25+k*2).toFixed(1)+' 136 26 166 48 L170 56'+\n ' C152 '+(tTipY-6).toFixed(1)+' 112 '+(tBladeY-6).toFixed(1)+' 54 '+(tBackY-2).toFixed(1)+' Z'\n );\n c.resGlow.style.opacity = (0.35 + 0.55 * (1 - k)).toFixed(2);\n }\n\n var lp=d.lp*k,dx=d.l[0]*k+lp,dy=d.l[1]*k;\n c.up.setAttribute('transform','translate('+lp.toFixed(1)+' '+(-dy*0.25).toFixed(1)+')');\n c.low.setAttribute('transform','translate('+dx.toFixed(1)+' '+dy.toFixed(1)+')');\n c.jaw.setAttribute('d','M196 '+(116+dy).toFixed(1)+' C200 '+(152+dy*0.6).toFixed(1)+' 168 '+(168+dy*0.3).toFixed(1)+' 124 '+(166+dy*0.2).toFixed(1)+' C90 164 60 156 46 146');\n c.vel.setAttribute('transform','rotate('+(d.n?0:53*k).toFixed(1)+' 52 38)');\n\n var vb=0;\n if(d.v){if(k>0.5){vb=1.4+1.4*Math.sin(t\/40);}}\n c.vl.setAttribute('transform','translate('+vb.toFixed(2)+' 0)');\n c.vr.setAttribute('transform','translate('+(-vb).toFixed(2)+' 0)');\n\n var rx=22+(d.rx-22)*k;\n var rs=1+(d.rs-1)*k;\n var ry=Math.max(1.2,(14+dy)*0.57*rs);\n c.ol.setAttribute('rx',(rx+10).toFixed(1));\n c.mo.setAttribute('rx',rx.toFixed(1));\n c.cl.setAttribute('rx',rx.toFixed(1));\n c.mo.setAttribute('ry',ry.toFixed(2));\n c.cl.setAttribute('ry',ry.toFixed(2));\n var tw=rx*1.64;\n c.ut.setAttribute('width',tw.toFixed(1));\n c.lt.setAttribute('width',tw.toFixed(1));\n c.ut.setAttribute('x',(40-tw\/2).toFixed(1));\n c.lt.setAttribute('x',(40-tw\/2).toFixed(1));\n c.ut.setAttribute('y',(96-ry).toFixed(2));\n c.lt.setAttribute('y',(96+ry-3.5).toFixed(2));\n var o=Math.min(1,Math.max(0,(ry-1.8)\/2)).toFixed(2);\n c.ut.style.opacity=o;\n c.lt.style.opacity=o;\n c.ft.setAttribute('cy',(96+ry-3-(98-pts[1])*0.3).toFixed(2));\n c.air.style.opacity=a.toFixed(2);\n }\n\n function build(card){\n var stamp=card.querySelector('.init-stamp');\n var top=card.querySelector('.init-card-top');\n if(!stamp || !top){return null;}\n var key=stamp.textContent.trim();\n var d=D[key];\n if(!d){return null;}\n\n var grp = 'j';\n if(card.closest('.grp-zh')) grp = 'zh';\n else if(card.closest('.grp-z')) grp = 'z';\n\n uid=uid+1;\n var box=document.createElement('div');\n box.className='tg-wrap';\n box.innerHTML=\n '<svg class=\"tg-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 190\" width=\"340\" height=\"190\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Mouth cross-section for '+key+'\">'+\n staticSvg('tgclip'+uid, grp)+\n '<\/svg>'+\n '<p class=\"tg-cap\">'+d.c+'<\/p>';\n\n top.insertAdjacentElement('afterend',box);\n\n var air=box.querySelector('.tg-aw');\n air.setAttribute('d',AIR[d.a==='side'?'flow':d.a]);\n if(d.a==='side'){air.setAttribute('class','tg-aw tg-dash');}\n\n var c={\n d:d, t0:performance.now(), vis:true,\n tongue:box.querySelector('.tg-tongue'),\n resGlow:box.querySelector('.tg-res-glow'),\n up:box.querySelector('.tg-up'),\n low:box.querySelector('.tg-low'),\n jaw:box.querySelector('.tg-jaw'),\n vel:box.querySelector('.tg-vel'),\n vl:box.querySelector('.tg-vl'),\n vr:box.querySelector('.tg-vr'),\n ol:box.querySelector('.tg-ol'),\n mo:box.querySelector('.tg-mo'),\n cl:box.querySelector('.tg-cl'),\n ut:box.querySelector('.tg-ut'),\n lt:box.querySelector('.tg-lt'),\n ft:box.querySelector('.tg-ft'),\n air:air\n };\n\n \/\/ \u5efa\u7acb\u5f8c\u7acb\u5373\u7e6a\u88fd\u9996\u5e40\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u7d55\u7121\u767d\u5c4f\u5ef6\u9072\n frame(c, 0, false);\n\n var restart=function(){c.t0=performance.now();};\n box.addEventListener('click',restart);\n var btn=card.querySelector('.init-play');\n if(btn){btn.addEventListener('click',restart);}\n return c;\n }\n\n function go(){\n document.querySelectorAll('.init-diagram').forEach(function(el){el.remove();});\n var cards=[];\n document.querySelectorAll('.init-card').forEach(function(el){\n var c=build(el);\n if(c){cards.push(c);c.el=el;}\n });\n var reduce=window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;\n if(reduce){\n cards.forEach(function(c){frame(c,0,true);});\n return;\n }\n if('IntersectionObserver' in window){\n var io=new IntersectionObserver(function(es){\n es.forEach(function(e){\n cards.forEach(function(c){if(c.el===e.target){c.vis=e.isIntersecting;}});\n });\n });\n cards.forEach(function(c){io.observe(c.el);});\n }\n function loop(now){\n cards.forEach(function(c){if(c.vis){frame(c,now-c.t0,false);}});\n requestAnimationFrame(loop);\n }\n requestAnimationFrame(loop);\n }\n\n if(document.readyState==='loading'){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',go);}\n else{go();}\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ko-fi.com\/tiffanystalk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"58\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-570\" style=\"width:150px;height:29px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-600x115.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-1024x197.png 1024w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-768x148.png 768w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-1536x296.png 1536w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-2048x394.png 2048w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/fcacd-buymeacoffee_red402x-850x164.png 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Do you like it? \ud83d\ude42<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><audio src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/mamo.m4a\"><\/audio><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/hanyupinyin\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-571\" style=\"width:150px;height:43px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963-600x171.png 600w, https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/e68f92e59c963.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8072\u6bcd \u58f0\u6bcd \u00b7 Initials Part 2 \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese \u8072 OneDotDot Chinese \u00b7 Pronunciation \u8072\u6bcd\u58f0\u6bcdInitials \u2014 Part 2 The ten trickiest initials in Mandarin \u2014 where English speakers usually stumble. This is a listening-first guide to j \u00b7 q \u00b7 x \u00b7 zh \u00b7 ch \u00b7 sh \u00b7 r \u00b7 z \u00b7 c \u00b7 s…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hsk1"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Hanyu Pinyin Initials Part 2 - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"j: Like the "j" sound of English word "jeep." \/ no air comes out\u30001. Raise the flat center of your tongue to the roof of the mouth.\u30002. Put ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/02\/hanyupinyin2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hanyu Pinyin Initials Part 2 - OneDotDot Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"j: Like the "j" sound of English word "jeep." \/ no air comes out\u30001. Raise the flat center of your tongue to the roof of the mouth.\u30002. 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