{"id":362,"date":"2022-06-06T07:21:48","date_gmt":"2022-06-06T07:21:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/?page_id=362"},"modified":"2026-08-23T07:32:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T23:32:36","slug":"a1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/a1\/","title":{"rendered":"A1 Grammar (HSK 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#4573b2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Click here to modify \u2198\ufe0f&nbsp;<br> the characters and pinyin&nbsp;<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- ============================================================\n     A1 Grammar (HSK 1) \u2014 OneDotDot Chinese \u2014 ALTERNATE DESIGN\n     \"Ledger\" layout: sticky category rail + one continuous numbered index,\n     instead of a card grid. Paste into a WordPress Custom HTML block.\n     ============================================================ -->\n<div id=\"odd-a1-ledger\">\n<header class=\"odd-l-hero\">\n<p class=\"odd-l-eyebrow\">HSK\u00a01\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0TOCFL\u00a0A1<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"odd-l-title\"><em>Grammar<\/em> <span class=\"odd-l-title-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8a9e\u6cd5<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bed\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"odd-l-sub\">An index of 45 points across 21 categories, in study order.<\/p>\n<nav aria-label=\"Grammar levels\" class=\"odd-l-hsk-nav\">\n<a class=\"odd-l-hsk\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/foundation\/\">Foundation<\/a>\n<a class=\"odd-l-hsk is-active\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/a1\/\">HSK1<\/a>\n<a class=\"odd-l-hsk\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/a2\/\">HSK2<\/a>\n<a class=\"odd-l-hsk\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/b1\/\">HSK3<\/a>\n<a class=\"odd-l-hsk\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/b1-hsk4\/\">HSK4<\/a>\n<a class=\"odd-l-hsk\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/b2\/\">HSK5<\/a>\n<a class=\"odd-l-hsk\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/b2-hsk6\/\">HSK6<\/a>\n<a class=\"odd-l-hsk\" href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/c1-grammar\/\">HSK7-9<\/a>\n<\/nav>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"odd-l-body\">\n<nav aria-label=\"Jump to category\" class=\"odd-l-rail\"><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-nadv\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">NADV<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Negation adverbs<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-tadv\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">TADV<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Time adverbs<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-sadv\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">SADV<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Scope adverbs<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-radv\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">RADV<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Correlative adverbs<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-dadv\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">DADV<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Degree adverbs<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-aux\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">AUX<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Auxiliary verbs<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-v\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">V<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Verbs<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-prep\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">PREP<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Prepositions<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-conj\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">CONJ<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Conjunctions<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-sptc\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">SPTC<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Structural particles<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-aptc\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">APTC<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Aspect particles<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-mptc\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">MPTC<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Modal particles<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-qpro\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">QPRO<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Interrogative pronouns<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-ppro\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">PPRO<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Personal pronouns<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-dpro\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">DPRO<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Demonstrative pronouns<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-num\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">NUM<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Numbers<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-mw\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">MW<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Measure words<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-expr\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">EXPR<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Special expressions<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-sent\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">SENT<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Special sentence patterns<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-misc\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">MISC<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Others<\/span><\/a><a class=\"odd-rail-link\" href=\"#sec-loc\"><span class=\"odd-rail-tag\">LOC<\/span><span class=\"odd-rail-name\">Location nouns<\/span><\/a><\/nav>\n<div class=\"odd-l-content\"><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-nadv\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">NADV<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Negation adverbs<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5426\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5426\u5b9a\u526f\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/11\/buandmei\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">01<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Negation words<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">b\u00f9<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6c92<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6ca1<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">m\u00e9i<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-tadv\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">TADV<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Time adverbs<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6642\u9593\u526f\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u65f6\u95f4\u526f\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/09\/21\/actions-in-progress\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">02<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Actions in progress<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5728<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5728<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">z\u00e0i<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-sadv\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">SADV<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Scope adverbs<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7bc4\u570d\u526f\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8303\u56f4\u526f\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/14\/dou-grammar\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">03<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cBoth\u201d and \u201call\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90fd<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">d\u014du<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-radv\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">RADV<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Correlative adverbs<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u95dc\u806f\u526f\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5173\u8054\u526f\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/21\/also-hai-ye\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">04<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cAlso\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u9084<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fd8<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">h\u00e1i<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e5f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e5f<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">y\u011b<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-dadv\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">DADV<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Degree adverbs<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7a0b\u5ea6\u526f\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7a0b\u5ea6\u526f\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/18\/hen-chinese\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">05<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Adverbs for adjectives 1<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5f88<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5f88<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">h\u011bn<\/span> \u975e\u5e38 f\u0113ich\u00e1ng \u592a t\u00e0i \u771f zh\u0113n \u6700 zu\u00ec<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/06\/not-very-chinese-butai\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">06<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cNot very\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d\u592a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d\u592a<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">b\u00fat\u00e0i<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2025\/01\/25\/a-little-bit-chinese\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">07<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">A little bit<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6709\u4e00\u9ede<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6709\u4e00\u70b9<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">y\u01d2uy\u00ecdi\u01cen<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00\u9ede<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00\u70b9<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">y\u00ecdi\u01cen<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-aux\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">AUX<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Auxiliary verbs<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u80fd\u9858\u52d5\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u80fd\u613f\u52a8\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/09\/20\/want\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">08<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cWant\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u60f3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u60f3<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">xi\u01ceng<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u60f3\u8981<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u60f3\u8981<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">xi\u01cengy\u00e0o<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8981<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8981<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">y\u00e0o<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/12\/can\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">09<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Three ways to say \u201ccan\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u80fd<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u80fd<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">n\u00e9ng<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6703<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4f1a<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">hu\u00ec<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">k\u011by\u01d0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/09\/22\/future\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">10<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Expressing future 1<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8981<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8981<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">y\u00e0o<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6703<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4f1a<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">hu\u00ec<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-v\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">V<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Verbs<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u52d5\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u52a8\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/28\/come-and-go\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">11<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Come and go<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4f86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6765<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">l\u00e1i<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u53bb<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u53bb<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">q\u00f9<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/12\/17\/movement-marker-dao\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">12<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Movement marker<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5230<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5230<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">d\u00e0o<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-prep\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">PREP<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Prepositions<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4ecb\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4ecb\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/09\/27\/locations-2\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">13<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Expressing locations<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5728<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5728<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">z\u00e0i<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-conj\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">CONJ<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Conjunctions<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u9023\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fde\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/07\/and-he-gen\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">14<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cAnd\u201d 1<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u548c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u548c<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">h\u00e9<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8ddf<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8ddf<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">g\u0113n<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-sptc\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">SPTC<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Structural particles<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7d50\u69cb\u52a9\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7ed3\u6784\u52a9\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/05\/de-difference\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">15<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Three \u201cde\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7684<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7684<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">de<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5f97<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5f97<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">de<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5730<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5730<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">de<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row odd-row-pending\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-inner\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">16<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">When to omit \u201cde\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7684<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7684<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">de<\/span> omission rules<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-soon\">soon<\/span>\n<\/span>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-aptc\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">APTC<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Aspect particles<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u52d5\u614b\u52a9\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u52a8\u6001\u52a9\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/07\/le-in-chinese-1\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">17<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">le<\/span> part 1<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/10\/le-in-chinese\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">18<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e86<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\"> le<\/span> part 2<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-mptc\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">MPTC<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Modal particles<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8a9e\u6c23\u52a9\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bed\u6c14\u52a9\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/19\/final-particles1\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">19<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Final particles 1<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u55ce<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5417<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">ma<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5427<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5427<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">ba<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5462<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5462<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">ne<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-qpro\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">QPRO<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Interrogative pronouns<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7591\u554f\u4ee3\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/09\/24\/question-words\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">20<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Question words<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/07\/14\/zenme-yang\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">21<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cWhat do you think\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u600e\u4e48\u6837<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">z\u011bnmey\u00e0ng<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-ppro\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">PPRO<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Personal pronouns<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4eba\u7a31\u4ee3\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/16\/pronouns\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">22<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Pronouns 1<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-dpro\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">DPRO<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Demonstrative pronouns<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/31\/some-and-some-of-in-chinese\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">23<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cSome\u201d &amp; \u201cothers\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00\u4e9b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00\u4e9b<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">y\u00ecxi\u0113<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6709\u7684<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6709\u7684<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">y\u01d2ude<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5225\u7684<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u522b\u7684<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">bi\u00e9de<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/29\/here-and-there-in-chinese\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">24<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cHere\u201d &amp; \u201cthere\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u9019<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fd9<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">zh\u00e8<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90a3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90a3<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">n\u00e0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/30\/this-and-that-in-chinese\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">25<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cThis\u201d &amp; \u201cthat\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u9019<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fd9<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">zh\u00e8<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90a3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90a3<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">n\u00e0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/14\/these-those\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">26<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cThese\u201d &amp; \u201cthose\u201d<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u9019\u4e9b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">zh\u00e8xi\u0113<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u90a3\u4e9b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u90a3\u4e9b<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">n\u00e0xi\u0113<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-num\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">NUM<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Numbers<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6578\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u6570\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/17\/chinese-numbers-1\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">27<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Numbers 1 (0\u2013999)<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/03\/twoinchinese\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">28<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u201cTwo\u201d in Chinese<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e8c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e8c<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">\u00e8r<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5169<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e24<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">li\u01ceng<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-mw\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">MW<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Measure words<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u91cf\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u91cf\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/28\/age-sui\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">29<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Age expressions<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u6b72<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5c81<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">su\u00ec<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/measure-words-1\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">30<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Measure words 1<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u672c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u672c<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">b\u011bn<\/span> <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u500b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e2a<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">g\u00e8<\/span> <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5bb6<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5bb6<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">ji\u0101<\/span> <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u53e3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u53e3<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">k\u01d2u<\/span> <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u584a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5757<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">ku\u00e0i<\/span> <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4ef6<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4ef6<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">ji\u00e0n<\/span> <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u53ea<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u53ea<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">zh\u012b<\/span> <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5143<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5143<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">yu\u00e1n<\/span> <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u676f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u676f<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">b\u0113i<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-expr\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">EXPR<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Special expressions<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7279\u6b8a\u8868\u9054\u6cd5<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7279\u6b8a\u8868\u8fbe\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/18\/dates-in-chinese\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">31<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Dates<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/22\/week-of-days\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">32<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Days of the week<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/23\/time-chinese\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">33<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Telling time<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/13\/counting-money\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">34<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Counting money<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-sent\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">SENT<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Special sentence patterns<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u7279\u6b8a\u53e5\u5f0f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u7279\u6b8a\u53e5\u5f0f<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/12\/28\/equative-verbs\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">35<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Equative verbs<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u662f<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u662f<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">sh\u00ec<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u53eb<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u53eb<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">ji\u00e0o<\/span> \/ <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u59d3<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u59d3<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">x\u00ecng<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/12\/04\/have-has-in-chinese\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">36<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">\u6709 \u6709 y\u01d2u sentences 1<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/09\/26\/existence\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">37<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Existence in a place<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5728<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5728<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">z\u00e0i<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/15\/question\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">38<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Yes\u2013no questions<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row odd-row-pending\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-inner\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">39<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Polite imperatives<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u8acb<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8bf7<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">q\u01d0ng<\/span> + V <\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-soon\">soon<\/span>\n<\/span>\n<\/li><li class=\"odd-row odd-row-pending\"><span class=\"odd-row-inner\"><span class=\"odd-row-num\">40<\/span><span class=\"odd-row-en\">Serial verb sentences<\/span><span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u9023\u52d5\u53e5<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u8fde\u52a8\u53e5<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">li\u00e1nd\u00f2ngj\u00f9<\/span><\/span><span class=\"odd-row-soon\">soon<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"odd-row odd-row-pending\"><span class=\"odd-row-inner\"><span class=\"odd-row-num\">41<\/span><span class=\"odd-row-en\">Double object sentences<\/span><span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u96d9\u8cd3\u8a9e\u53e5<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\u53e5<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">shu\u0101ngb\u012bny\u01d4j\u00f9<\/span><\/span><span class=\"odd-row-soon\">soon<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"odd-row odd-row-pending\"><span class=\"odd-row-inner\"><span class=\"odd-row-num\">42<\/span><span class=\"odd-row-en\">Exclamatory sentences<\/span><span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u611f\u5606\u53e5<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u611f\u53f9\u53e5<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">g\u01cent\u00e0nj\u00f9<\/span><\/span><span class=\"odd-row-soon\">soon<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/12\/27\/quantitative-complement\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">43<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Quantitative complement 1<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-misc\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">MISC<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Others<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5176\u4ed6<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5176\u4ed6<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tiffanysmandarin.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/12\/yiandbu\/\">\n<span class=\"odd-row-num\">44<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-en\">Tone changes<\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e00<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e00<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">y\u012b<\/span> &amp; <span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0d<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0d<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">b\u00f9<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"odd-row-arrow\">\u2192<\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"odd-section\" id=\"sec-loc\"><div class=\"odd-section-head\"><span class=\"odd-section-tag\">LOC<\/span><h2 class=\"odd-section-en\">Location nouns<\/h2><span class=\"odd-section-zh\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u65b9\u4f4d\u8a5e<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u65b9\u4f4d\u8bcd<\/span><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"odd-row-list\"><li class=\"odd-row odd-row-pending\"><span class=\"odd-row-inner\"><span class=\"odd-row-num\">45<\/span><span class=\"odd-row-en\">Location nouns 1<\/span><span class=\"odd-row-hanzi\"><span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0a<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0a<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">sh\u00e0ng<\/span>\/<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u4e0b<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u4e0b<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">xi\u00e0<\/span>\/<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u88e1<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u91cc<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">l\u01d0<\/span>\/<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5916<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u5916<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">w\u00e0i<\/span>\/<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u524d<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u524d<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">qi\u00e1n<\/span>\/<span class=\"lang-zh-TW\">\u5f8c<\/span><span class=\"lang-zh-CN\">\u540e<\/span><span class=\"pinyin\">h\u00f2u<\/span><\/span><span class=\"odd-row-soon\">soon<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/section><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n#odd-a1-ledger {\n  --odd-indigo: #2E4A62;\n  --odd-vermilion: #C1440E;\n  --odd-brass: #b5b08d;\n  --odd-seal: #8B1E3F;\n  --odd-white: #FFFFFF;\n  --odd-ink: #22303C;\n  --odd-line: #E3DFD6;\n\n  --odd-font-display: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;\n  --odd-font-zh: 'Noto Serif TC', 'Noto Serif SC', serif;\n  --odd-font-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;\n\n  background: var(--odd-white) !important;\n  color: var(--odd-ink) !important;\n  max-width: 980px;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  padding: 0 20px 90px;\n  box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger *, #odd-a1-ledger *::before, #odd-a1-ledger *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }\n#odd-a1-ledger a { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }\n\n\/* ---------------- Hero: left-aligned, book-title-page feel ---------------- *\/\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-hero {\n  padding: 56px 0 36px;\n  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--odd-ink);\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-eyebrow {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-mono);\n  font-size: 12px;\n  letter-spacing: 0.14em;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n  color: var(--odd-vermilion) !important;\n  margin: 0 0 12px;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-title {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-display);\n  font-style: italic;\n  font-weight: 500;\n  font-size: clamp(38px, 6vw, 56px);\n  line-height: 1;\n  margin: 0;\n  color: var(--odd-indigo) !important;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: baseline;\n  gap: 16px;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-title-zh {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-zh);\n  font-style: normal;\n  font-size: 22px;\n  opacity: 0.55;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-sub {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-mono);\n  font-size: 12.5px;\n  color: var(--odd-ink) !important;\n  opacity: 0.6;\n  margin: 14px 0 0;\n  letter-spacing: 0.02em;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-hsk-nav {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  gap: 6px;\n  margin-top: 18px;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-hsk {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-mono);\n  font-size: 11px;\n  letter-spacing: 0.04em;\n  color: var(--odd-indigo) !important;\n  border: 1px solid var(--odd-line);\n  border-radius: 999px;\n  padding: 5px 12px;\n  opacity: 0.6;\n  transition: opacity 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-hsk:hover { opacity: 1; border-color: var(--odd-brass); }\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-hsk.is-active {\n  opacity: 1;\n  background: var(--odd-seal);\n  border-color: var(--odd-seal);\n  color: var(--odd-white) !important;\n}\n\n\/* ---------------- Body: rail + content ---------------- *\/\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-body {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: 190px 1fr;\n  gap: 40px;\n  padding-top: 34px;\n  align-items: start;\n}\n@media (max-width: 760px) {\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n}\n\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-rail {\n  position: sticky;\n  top: 24px;\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  gap: 2px;\n}\n@media (max-width: 760px) {\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-rail {\n    position: static;\n    flex-direction: row;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    gap: 6px;\n    padding-bottom: 24px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--odd-line);\n    margin-bottom: 8px;\n  }\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-rail-link {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 8px;\n  padding: 7px 8px;\n  border-radius: 3px;\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-display);\n  font-style: italic;\n  font-size: 14px;\n  color: var(--odd-ink) !important;\n  opacity: 0.65;\n  transition: opacity 0.15s ease, background 0.15s ease;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-rail-link:hover { opacity: 1; background: #FAF9F6; }\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-rail-tag {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-mono);\n  font-style: normal;\n  font-size: 10px;\n  color: var(--odd-white) !important;\n  background: var(--odd-seal);\n  border-radius: 2px;\n  padding: 1px 5px;\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n@media (max-width: 760px) {\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-rail-name { display: none; }\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-rail-link { padding: 6px; }\n}\n\n\/* ---------------- Sections: one continuous ledger ---------------- *\/\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-section { margin-bottom: 38px; }\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-section-head {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: baseline;\n  gap: 10px;\n  margin-bottom: 4px;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-section-tag {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-mono);\n  font-size: 11px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: var(--odd-white) !important;\n  background: var(--odd-brass);\n  border-radius: 2px;\n  padding: 2px 6px;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-section-en {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-display);\n  font-style: italic;\n  font-weight: 500;\n  font-size: 20px;\n  color: var(--odd-indigo) !important;\n  margin: 0;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-section-zh {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-zh);\n  font-size: 13px;\n  color: var(--odd-ink) !important;\n  opacity: 0.5;\n}\n\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-list { list-style: none; margin: 10px 0 0; padding: 0; }\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--odd-line); }\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row a,\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-inner {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 14px;\n  padding: 10px 2px;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-num {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-mono);\n  font-size: 11px;\n  color: var(--odd-brass) !important;\n  width: 20px;\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-en {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-display);\n  font-size: 15px;\n  color: var(--odd-ink) !important;\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-hanzi {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-zh);\n  font-size: 13px;\n  color: var(--odd-ink) !important;\n  opacity: 0.5;\n  flex: 1;\n  text-align: right;\n  overflow: hidden;\n  text-overflow: ellipsis;\n  white-space: nowrap;\n  min-width: 0;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-hanzi .pinyin {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-mono);\n  font-size: 11px;\n  margin: 0 5px 0 2px;\n  opacity: 0.85;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-arrow {\n  color: var(--odd-vermilion) !important;\n  font-size: 13px;\n  opacity: 0;\n  transform: translateX(-3px);\n  transition: opacity 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease;\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n  width: 14px;\n}\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row a:hover { background: #FAF9F6; }\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row a:hover .odd-row-arrow { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row a:hover .odd-row-en { color: var(--odd-vermilion) !important; }\n\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-pending .odd-row-en { opacity: 0.5; }\n#odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-soon {\n  font-family: var(--odd-font-mono);\n  font-size: 10px;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n  letter-spacing: 0.06em;\n  color: var(--odd-brass) !important;\n  border: 1px solid var(--odd-line);\n  border-radius: 3px;\n  padding: 2px 6px;\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n\n\n\/* ---------------- Mobile: stack Chinese below English, prevent overflow ---------------- *\/\n#odd-a1-ledger { overflow-x: hidden; }\n#odd-a1-ledger * { min-width: 0; }\n@media (max-width: 760px) {\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-row a,\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-inner {\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    row-gap: 2px;\n  }\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-num { order: 1; flex-shrink: 0; }\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-en {\n    order: 2;\n    flex: 1 1 auto;\n    min-width: 0;\n    white-space: normal;\n    word-break: break-word;\n    overflow-wrap: break-word;\n  }\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-arrow,\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-soon { order: 3; flex-shrink: 0; }\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-row-hanzi {\n    order: 4;\n    flex: 1 1 100%;\n    width: 100%;\n    text-align: left;\n    white-space: normal;\n    overflow: visible;\n    text-overflow: clip;\n    word-break: break-word;\n    overflow-wrap: break-word;\n    padding-left: 34px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n    margin-top: 2px;\n  }\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-rail-link { min-width: 0; }\n  #odd-a1-ledger .odd-l-title { word-break: break-word; }\n}\n<\/style>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Click here to modify \u2198\ufe0f&nbsp; the characters and pinyin&nbsp; HSK\u00a01\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0TOCFL\u00a0A1 Grammar \u8a9e\u6cd5\u8bed\u6cd5 An index of 45 points across 21 categories, in study order. Foundation HSK1 HSK2 HSK3 HSK4 HSK5 HSK6 HSK7-9 NADVNegation adverbsTADVTime adverbsSADVScope adverbsRADVCorrelative adverbsDADVDegree adverbsAUXAuxiliary verbsVVerbsPREPPrepositionsCONJConjunctionsSPTCStructural particlesAPTCAspect particlesMPTCModal particlesQPROInterrogative pronounsPPROPersonal pronounsDPRODemonstrative pronounsNUMNumbersMWMeasure wordsEXPRSpecial expressionsSENTSpecial sentence patternsMISCOthersLOCLocation nouns NADV Negation adverbs \u5426\u5b9a\u526f\u8a5e\u5426\u5b9a\u526f\u8bcd 01 Negation&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-362","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A1 Grammar (HSK 1) - OneDotDot Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese test preparation: HSK 3.0 grammar points. 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